1, the cultivation season angular melons are suitable for spring species throughout the country. Taiwan, Hainan and Guangdong Zhanjiang central and southern regions can be cultivated in winter. For protected cultivation, autumn or winter cultivation can be carried out in South China, Southwest China and North China.
2, nursery using paper tube or nutrition seedlings nursery. Seeds are pre-soaked at 28-30°C for 8-10 hours and then germinated at 25-28°C. During germination, germination bags are kept moist and change water 1-2 times a day. After 2 days, when more than 50% of the seeds germinate, they can be sown on a seeding tray or seed bed that has been prepared in advance. Drilling. Line spacing 3-4 cm. Substrate thickness is required to be at least 5 cm. Penetrate the bottom water. Cover the soil 1 cm thick, and then cover the film or a small shed, insulation moisture. After the seedlings broke ground, the cover was removed and the temperature was appropriately reduced, especially at night. Keep the temperature at 23-25°C during the day and 11-13°C at night to prevent leggy. After cotyledon flattened, the seedlings were transplanted into a nursery pot (1010 cm).
Seedlings must maintain sufficient light, light hours to maintain about 10 hours, short days conducive to female flower differentiation. Temperature is variable temperature management. That is, during the daytime, it is kept at 23-28°C during sunny days and 11-12°C at night; during the cloudy days, it is maintained at 20-23°C, and it can be reduced to 10-11°C at night, and the temperature difference between day and night is 10-15°C. 7-10 days before planting, with temperature control as the center, with water control management, seedling exercise. In order to enable the seedlings to quickly adapt to open conditions. In order to promote the conversion of flower buds to females and increase the number of female flowers, in the two-leaf stage and the four-leaf stage, spray treatment can also be performed with ethephon at a concentration of 50-150 mg/L. Note that ethephon has the effect of inhibiting the internode elongation of plants. The higher the ethephon concentration, the stronger the inhibitory effect. General seedling age 25-35 days. The appearance of the standard strong seedlings is: plant height 13-18 cm, thick stems. Cotyledon hypertrophied and spreading. Functional leaves 3-4 pieces, dark green night. The root system is developed. The whole plant is free of pests and diseases.
3, soil preparation, squats, and fixed-value fall fields, while applying sufficient basal fertilizer. In the spring of the following year, it will be finely grounded. Cultivation uses hoe or ridge. If open earthworms are used, the louse ranges from 40 to 50 centimeters in height, 20 to 30 centimeters in height, 120 to 150 centimeters in width, 80 to 100 centimeters in spacing, and 2 lines per plant. If ridges are used, the ridge distance is 70-80 cm and the spacing is 100-120 cm.
After the last frost in spring, when the temperature stabilizes at 10°C, it can be planted. Where conditions permit, small arch sheds can be used for covering cultivation or small sheds can be covered with plastic film. This can be set in advance for 10-15 days.
4, fertilization before irrigation and planting in the preparation of land at the same time, Shi quality decomposed organic fertilizer 4-5 kg ​​/ m 2, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 30 g / m 2, superphosphate 50 g / m 2. After the angular seedlings are slowly rejuvenated, the combination of topdressing and irrigating for one time will urge the water to drown, and the flowering result will increase the amount of fertilizer for the water supply. During the general growth period, top dressing was performed 3 times. The first time after easing the seedlings, the second time in the flowering period, the third time in the full fruit period. Can be followed by thin manure (1:8-10) or chemical fertilizer (g/m2): urea 10, superphosphate 30-40, potassium sulfate 15-20.
5, cultivating weeds 3-4 days after planting, until the soil surface slightly dry after loose soil 1 times. Before flowering, 2-3 times of cultivating and weeding are performed. The depth of the first two loose soil is about 8 cm, 2-5 cm from the plant, and the depth of the third soil is 5-6 cm. Avoid grass shortages throughout growth and development. Once weeds appear, pull them out at any time.
6. Adjust the plant to adjust the direction of plant extension in time to prevent mutual shade between plants. Remove old leaves and diseased leaves in time. In order to prevent the occurrence of melon and fruit drop, artificial pollination and hormone treatment are often used to solve the problem. Generally, artificial pollination or use of 20-40 mg/L of 2,4-D female stigma is performed at 6 to 9 am. Tender melons or melons must be harvested in time.
7. Diseases and Insect Pests The main diseases of Prunus cerasus are powdery mildew and virus diseases. The main insect pests are aphids, whiteflies, leafminers and stink bugs.
(1) Powdery mildew strengthens field air and light transmission management to reduce air humidity; can be sprayed with 50% sulfur suspension 300 times, or 25% triadimefon 2000-2500 times, 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times , 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 800 times foliar spray. In the protected area, 45% chlorothalonil aerosol can also be used for fumigation. The amount is 250 g/mu.
(2) Virus disease is carried out for 3-5 years of rotation. The fully dried seeds are treated at 70-80°C for 1 day, or soaked with 10% trisodium phosphate for 10-15 minutes, then washed with water, and soaked for germination. Early sowing, early cultivation, to avoid the high temperature period. During the whole growth period, attention was paid to controlling aphids and whitefly.
(3) Locust with 40% Dimethoate EC 1000-2000 times, or 20% extinction killing chlorinated oil 2000-3000 times, or 2.5% deltamethrin EC 2000-3000 times, 2.5% rattan 600-800 Double liquid foliar spray.
(4) Whitefly with 25% Buprofezin WP 2000x, or 40% Chrysanthemum 2500x, or 20% Cascade 2000-3000x, or 2.5% Kung Fu EC 3000x. leaf.
(5) The leaf miner flies from the spawning period to the initial stage of incubation with 50% phoxim EC 1000-1500 times, 20% speed kill DM 2000 times, and 2.5% deltamethrin 2000 times.
(6) 40% Dimethoate EC 1500x, 80% Dichlorvos 1000-1500x, Trichlorfon 800-1000x, 2.5 Deltamethrin EC 2000-3000x, or Xenon 4000 - 6000 times liquid foliar spray, spray once every 3-5 days, continuous spraying 3-4 times.
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