The goal of the modern pig farm nursery is generally to achieve the following three goals: the survival rate of nursery houses is over 99.5%; the authenticity ratio of nursery pigs listed is over 99.3%; the average weight of 50-day-old slaughter is more than 15kg, and the actual slaughter is now around 45 days old .
Some people say that it is very easy to operate the nursery homes. It is to do well in health care, and to control the temperature, humidity, ventilation, and training of the front-line staff in production and management. Health care and warmth are the keys to raising a good breeding pig, but it's not easy to do it. In the following, we will communicate with our peers on the specific operation methods of the nursery homes in the southern industrial factory.
I. Preparation before entering the pig
1, disinfection disinfection
First, clean the pig bar, spray caustic soda once again, empty the cauldron for 1 d, then rinse it with a caustic soda and then disinfect it with flame. Empty bar 5-7d can lap pigs.
2. Prepare for 1d before entering the pig
Including the maintenance of pig bar equipment and drinking fountains, drinkers are often blocked by adding some additives. Therefore, they should be checked carefully and often, and should be thoroughly checked every day after the pig has finished drinking the drug. The adding barrel must be thoroughly cleaned. In each corner of the aisles, iron chains and other toys are tied around the corners of the aisles to prevent the pigs from spitting out faeces and fighting with each other.
Second, after the management of the pig
1, temperature and humidity and ventilation control
In the first week after the winter, the ground should not be flushed as much as possible. Low-bed feeding should also minimize the number of flushes when the weather is cold to prevent the occurrence of diseases caused by dampness and coldness. Through years of experience in pig farms, the author believes that temperature is a key factor in the success or failure of swine farms. Whether in the north or the south, they should pay particular attention to cold weather. For some pig farms, blindly paying attention to ventilation is not correct because Pigs are warm-blooded animals, extremely sensitive to temperature, especially nursery pigs just transferred into the weaning pigs, and Guangdong, Hainan and other places a large temperature difference between day and night, and sometimes even a difference of 10oC or so, so do a good job in the pig house temperature constant is particularly The key is. The temperature in the first week after the delivery room was transferred to the nursery was higher than the temperature in the delivery room. The temperature of the first week of weaning generally requires 28-30°C, and then decreases 1-2°C per week until 22-24°C. For the automatic temperature control system to make appropriate adjustments, such as the exhaust fan timing switch to adjust the temperature and ventilation volume, the winter boiler temperature is adjusted to a specified temperature, so that it will automatically rise in temperature below the set temperature, open the ground to keep open Geothermal equipment, and house humidity control in 60% -70%, excessive diarrhea caused by the General Assembly, too low will cause the increase in house dust induced respiratory disease. The modern pig farm is very spacious, generally can accommodate more than 30 pigs, and has a water toilet, which is a pool occupying 10% of the area of ​​the nursery. The advantage is that on the one hand, water can absorb ammonia and reduce ammonia in the pig house. Concentrations of harmful gases such as carbon dioxide reduce respiratory irritations. It is also possible to adjust the humidity in the house so that the pig house does not dry. It is also possible to maintain the hygiene of the pig house so that the pig forms a fixed place to excrete the feces.
2, do a good job in the column
The day of transfer should be sorted by size, strength and weakness, and two sick pigs should be kept so that the weak constitution can be singled out and put together. Generally about 18 columns per column, the summer can be adjusted to about 12-15. Ensure that each piglet has 0.3-0.4m2 of space, so that pigs have a spacious space for activities. It has been proved that pigs can significantly improve the survival rate of pigs. There is a difference in the weight of each piglet is not more than 1kg, weight difference is too large will make small pigs bullied by the big pigs, resulting in less than the material and become more and more thin, reduced resistance, and then the disease, become weak pigs. Because most of the domestic pig diseases are caused by sudden changes in the environment, such as the sudden drop in temperature, sudden changes in the barn, transport stress and so on. In this regard, some pig farms have kept the nursery pigs to the big pig stage in a row. It is worth learning. The practice in most pig farms is to change five places after the pigs are born. The delivery room is transferred to the nursery. After a period of time, it is transferred to the growth house. The middle pig house and the large pig house are then used. It is a stressful stimulus for pigs to come to a new environment. It is not difficult to explain why swine diseases frequently occur in pig farms. Studies have proved that the toxins produced by humans when we are angry can make a healthy mouse die and can cause cancer and other diseases; therefore, in areas such as Guangdong, where pig breeding techniques and concepts are relatively advanced, some large-scale pig farms are In the sheds, audio is installed, and some light music is given to the pigs every day during work hours. This will reduce stress and stress on the pigs, and it will also make the piglets particularly gentle and easy to feed. Some studies have reported that some pigs have even higher IQs than dogs and have emotional communication and needs. Therefore, paying more attention to the welfare of pigs will make pigs healthier.
In addition, we should also promptly identify and pick out pigs that like to fight and fight, and pigs that have serious aggression against pigs in the same column, placed in a separate column to reduce unnecessary losses. Especially after the pig has grown for a period of time, when it grows bigger, there are always some individual nurturing pig breeders who like to grow fast, like to jump to other pig stalls to fight when they get off work, and then jump back to the original pig bar before the breeder goes to work. In general, the piggery can't hold it. The pigs with this behavior are related to stocking density and genetics. It is also best to treat this kind of pig specially.
3, make a good feed transition
The development of the digestive system of nursery pigs is still imperfect, physiological changes are rapid, the characteristics of various physiological stages are not the same, are very sensitive to feed nutrition and raw material composition, and the nutritional requirements are also different. In order to fully realize the genetic potential of various stages, the diet still needs to High nutrient concentration, high palatability, high digestibility. Therefore, in order to reduce the severe stress caused by feedstuff transition, piglets weaned at 21 days of age are generally fed 10-12 days after the nursery is transferred to the nursery, and then used for a period of 3-5 days according to a certain proportion. Smooth transition to pig feed. In order to prevent some pigs from feeding at the time of refueling, glucose should be added to the water, and electrolysis should be used to supplement nutrition to prevent the production of weak pigs due to refueling. Because the discomfort caused by refueling pig diarrhea will lead to irreversible damage to the pig's intestinal villi brush border, so that pigs secrete reduced digestive enzymes, a direct impact on future growth and development.
4, do a good job of pig health care
In the first week after general transfer, amoxicillin and glucose should be added to the water every day to reduce transmigration stress. Later, depending on health and weather conditions, medications were taken. In general, during the refueling process, a minimum of 1 week health-care drug should be added to the material.
5. Prevention and treatment of common swine diseases
In recent years, the most common infectious diseases in nurseries in southern pig farms are Streptococcus and Haemophilus parasites. Among them, meningitis streptococci are more common. After the discovery, they are usually added to the drinking water. At the same time, the water is added to the water toilet. Generally, amoxicillin powder is added, and 100 g of water per 100 kg is added twice a day. 5d, or using pulsed dosing can be controlled. For early-onset pigs, sulfadiazine sodium or sulfamethoxazole (6-) can be administered intramuscularly on one side and amoxicillin sodium on the other side. Consecutive injections of 3-5 days can be cured. Acute illness can be intravenously administered. However, the amount of infusion should be controlled. Usually, 250 mL is appropriate at a time. Staphylococcal infections are the main skin diseases. Most of them are in the season of mosquitoes in the summer. After being bitten by mosquitoes, they are mixed with erythroid and circovirus. Also known as dermatitis nephrotic syndrome, the main symptoms are red spots throughout the body, severe systemic skin erythema, purple. After the disease was found in the herd, mosquito repellent drugs should be added to the material, and dichlorvos and other drugs should be sprayed around the drains of the pig house every day after work, but the poisoning of human pigs should be prevented. The whole group added vitamin C powder to the pigs for drinking in drinking water, and it could also be used alternately with amoxicillin powder and vitamin C. Individual diseased pigs may be injected with sulfamethoxazole (6-methoxy) on one side, vitamin C plus dexamethasone and amoxicillin on one side twice a day for 3-5 days. After 2-3d, the erythema spot on the skin will gradually disappear and return to normal.
6, nursing of sick and sick pigs
For sick and sick pigs, we should stick to 3 points of treatment and 7 points of care. The sick and vulnerable pigs found in a timely manner should be kept alone in a single column to continue feeding quaternary materials, and each day in the small feed trough, they should be fed with warm water in winter. The practice in large-scale pig farms in Guangdong is generally used to mix and dilute the water in the trough materials. Add appropriate amount of milk powder, then add antibiotics and glucose, multidimensional nutrients, oral rehydration salts, etc. according to the condition, but the amount should be appropriate. Finally, a little more nursery material should be added to allow the pig to gradually adapt to the taste, which will facilitate the transition of the chute material to the nursery material in the future reloading. After 1-2 weeks of feeding, sick pigs will gradually recover, and continue to feed the dosing materials until they return to normal.
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