In recent years, sows' abortion has become an important issue that restricts the healthy and stable development of the pig industry. Abortion is the interruption of pregnancy. Abortion is of great danger. It not only causes premature death or fetal degeneration, but also often impairs maternal health and even leads to infertility. In severe cases, it can endanger life. The cause of sows abortion is very complicated, and people mostly look for causes in infectious diseases. Infectious diseases are the most important cause of sow reproductive failure, but the role of nutrition can not be ignored, but can not be ignored.
Effect of vitamin E on sow reproduction
Mechanism and effect
Vitamin E (VE) is closely related to reproductive performance of animals. It secretes gonadotropins through the anterior pituitary, regulates sexual function, promotes ovarian function, and increases ovarian luteal cells. When the animal is deficient in vitamin E, ovarian function declines, the sexual cycle is abnormal, and fertilization, abnormal embryo development, or stillbirth can occur. Vitamin E supplementation is mainly to increase serum vitamin E content in sows and piglets, enhance their antioxidant capacity, and improve immunity, thereby improving sow reproductive performance and piglet production performance. Adding vitamin E 50 IU/kg and 0.1 mg/kg selenium to the sow's corn-soybean meal diet significantly increased litter size, piglet weaning survival and weaning weight, and vitamin E was efficiently transported to the mammary gland. Organizing to increase α-tocopherol levels in the sow's gestational diet or to inject α-tocopherol 14 days after gestation can increase the level of α-tocopherol in the colostrum. The level of α-tocopherol and selenium in colostrum are 5 and 3 times that of normal milk, respectively. In addition, alpha-tocopherol and selenium levels in breast milk decreased as sows’ age increased, suggesting that older pigs are more common in sows born from sows born with α-tocopherol and selenium deficiency. Studies have shown that during sow pregnancy, Feeding VE fortified diets can increase litter size. Due to the small amount of vitamin E delivered to the fetus through the placenta, the newborn piglets have very low antioxidant capacity and therefore it is necessary to provide newborn piglets with high levels of vitamin E. The newborn piglets must rely on vitamin E in colostrum and conventional milk. To meet their needs, the vitamin E content of sow colostrum and regular milk depends on the level of vitamin E supplementation, so adding high levels of vitamin E to sow diets is an important way to meet the needs of vitamin E in piglets.
Transport in the embryonic and primary stages
When VE and selenium are severely deficient in breeding sows, they can cause fetal dissolution, and the number of litters also decreases. The most active VE form of alpha-tocopherol crosses the placental barrier of pigs at a very low rate, so piglets have a lower alpha-tocopherol content in their bodies at birth. Compared with VE, selenium can effectively pass through the placental barrier of sows, but the survival time in the developing fetus is affected by the selenium concentration of the sow diet and selenium source. At birth, piglets have low levels of alpha-tocopherol and selenium in their bodies and must depend on lactating sows to provide these nutrients. Alpha-tocopherol can be efficiently delivered to mammary tissue, increase VE levels in lactation diet, or inject VE within the last 14 days of pregnancy, can increase the concentration of alpha-tocopherol in colostrum.
Effect of vitamin C on sow reproduction
Mechanism and effect
Vitamin C (VC) is a substance that produces cells that form bone connective tissue and is associated with disease resistance in pigs. The lack of vitamin C often leads to embryonic death, stunting, foot problems, and umbilical cord bleeding. Whether it is necessary to add vitamin C is the most controversial, pigs can synthesize vitamin C through DG (glucose) and other organic compounds, but under certain conditions such as sows during reproductive periods, especially before and after delivery undergo physiological stress, vitamins The slower synthesis rate can not meet the body's metabolic needs, can add vitamin C to relieve stress, thereby improving sow reproductive performance.
Transmission during Embryonic Development and Primary Stage The uterine secretions collected from the estrus and early pregnancy stages contain a large amount of VC, which binds to uteroferritin and catalyzes lipid oxidation. In pregnancy, the fetus can not synthesize VC, but rely on the supply of maternal VC. The plasma ascorbic acid concentration rises with fetal development and reaches the highest from 80 days to 100 days of conception. Supplementing VC in sow diets did not increase the amount of placental transport VC or maternal tissue stored in VC. The gradient of ascorbate transported to the fetus through the placenta is very high. The ratio of ascorbic acid in fetal and sow plasma at the time of conception 112 days is 14:1, which means that there is an active transport mechanism for the developing fetus, probably related to the synthesis of connective tissue.
Effect of folic acid on sow reproduction
Mechanism and effect
The main role of folic acid in animals is to participate in the transfer and utilization of one-carbon unit substances in the form of coenzymes. Folate is contained in many pig feeds. In cereals it is usually in the form of a reduced form of folyl poly-amino acid, which must be converted by hydrolysis into mono- or diterpene glutamate before it is absorbed by the digestive tract. Dietary folic acid (leaf monoglutamate) and polyphenolic acid hydrolysates of cereals in the grain are absorbed by the intestinal mucosa through a transport system that uses sodium ions as a medium and folic acid binding protein as a carrier. There are three major types of folate-binding protein receptors in various body tissues, including placenta, choroid plexus, and mammary gland tissue.
In the past, good forage diets were generally considered to meet the folic acid requirement for sows, and the microbial synthesis of the gut could supply a significant amount of folic acid. However, serum folic acid levels in sows were found to decrease during the second trimester (60 days). Adding 4.6 mg/kg folic acid can prevent the decline of folic acid, significantly increase litter size, and reduce embryo mortality by 25% to 30%. The mechanism by which folic acid raises litter size is to reduce early embryonic mortality. This is especially true in sows with a high number of ovulations. Declining serum folic acid levels during early and mid-term pregnancy is a sign of a temporary lack of folic acid and may be related to embryo mortality.
Transport in the embryonic and primary stages
The addition of folic acid can increase the survival rate of embryos, especially when ovulation rate is increased due to aphrodisiac supplementation or hormone regulation. Folic acid reduces embryo death associated with DNA synthesis. Intercellular RNA concentration in the embryo is highly correlated with the rate of embryo survival during the first 12 days of pregnancy. Folic acid is an essential cofactor for the synthesis of RNA, DNA, and amino acids. Folic acid is synthesized in DNA. In the role of the increase in the survival rate of the embryo. Therefore, in the first half of pregnancy, the uterine secretory activity increases dramatically, and the differentiation of placenta tissue and the embryonic development period are very important for the supplementation of folic acid. However, supplementation of folic acid during late pregnancy or lactation does not improve the reproductive performance of the sow. Folic acid plays an important role in maintaining reproductive performance of sows and promoting early fetal development. Its mechanism of action, active transport mechanisms between the placenta and/or the fetus, and the minimum dietary folic acid addition level have not been clearly defined. Existing studies have shown that adding folic acid can increase the survival rate of embryos, and the most critical stage is the first 60 days after pregnancy.
The Digital Video Recorder, also called the DVR/ DVR Security System/ DVR monitor/Digital Video Recorder H.264/ DVR CCTV, is the video storage device of the AHD Four in One Camera(the video capture device). The Digital Video Recorder records the video with the hard disk that we put in it, and it is a computer system for image storage and processing, which has the functions of long-term image recording, voice recording, remote monitoring and control of images/voices.
The Digital Video Recorder is far superior to the analog monitoring equipment in terms of the image processing, image storage, retrieval, backup, network transmission, and remote control because of the adoption of the digital recording technology.
By the way, there are many BNC video interfaces on the back of the Digital Video Recorder, each interface can be connected to an analog suveillance camera. Just plug the interface, then it works, very convenient!
Generally speaking, the Digital Video Recorder can be divided into the hard disk video recorder, the PC type hard disk video recorder and the embedded hard disk video recorder, etc. Among them, the embedded hard disk video recorder does well in the stablity, the reliability, and the easy use, and the embedded hard disk video recorder will gradually invade the market of the PC type hard disk video recorder.
Besides, The main functions of the Digital Video Recorder include: monitoring function, recording function, playback function, alarm function, control function, network function, password authorization function and work schedule function.
Monitoring function: The monitoring function is one of the most important functions of the Digital Video Recorder. Whether it can monitor the on-site camera video clearly is a core issue of the surveillance system. Most Digital Video Recorders can achieve clear on-site surveillance.
Recording function: The video resolution is the core of the digital host because the video effect is more important to the Forensics than the on-site video effect. Most Digital Video Recorder can achieve on-site recording at 25 frames per second.
Alarm function: The alarm function mainly includes the input alarm of the detector and the alarm of the image and video detection. Once received the alarm signal, the system will automatically start recording, and turn on the corresponding spotlight, siren and network output signal via the alarm output function. The image motion detection is the main alarm function of the Digital Video Recorder.
Control function: The control function refers to the omnidirectional control of the PTZ and lens via the host, which is generally finished by the dedicated decoder and the keyboard.
Network function: The user can do various operations to the host such as the monitoring, recording and control after the simple identification on the LAN or WAN, which is similar to the local opertaion.
Password authorization function: in order to reduce the failure rate of the system and illegal entry, a password need to be set for procedures such as stopping video recording, arming and disarming the system and entering programming, so that unauthorized people cannot operate these procedures. The Password authorization is usually set as the multi-level password authorizations.
Work Schedule function: The user can program the working time for one certain period of time of one certain camera, which is also the unique function of the host of the Digital Video Recorder. The user can pre-schedule all the changes of holidays and working schedules into the program, which can realize the unattended in some extence.
All in all, the Digital Video Recorder represents the developing direction of CCTV monitoring system and it has been the first choice on the CCTV monitoring system market.
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