As an important food, vegetable feed and processing raw material, potato has developed into the fourth largest crop after rice, corn and wheat. The development of the potato industry has greatly promoted the increase of farmers' income, especially in poverty-stricken mountainous areas.
In response to the current status of the development of potato cultivation, the following major cultivation techniques are proposed:
Site preparation. Potatoes are crops that are not resistant to continuous cropping. Potato plots are planted in plots that have not been planted with potatoes and other solanaceous crops for three years. Potatoes are very sensitive to continuous cropping. Production must avoid continuous cropping.
Potato tubers are enlarged and need to loosen fertile soil. Therefore, the plots for planting potatoes are best selected from flat land, irrigation conditions, well-drained, deep plowed and loose sandy loam. After harvesting, we must plough deep into the fields, and then we must do it. The width and height of the earthworm depend on the topography and soil moisture. High-drainage well-developed land can be used for wide-open, low-lying, poorly-drained, narrow or high-lying.
Seed treatment. 1. Selected seed potatoes: On the basis of selecting good varieties, choose the regular shape of potato, with the typical characteristics of the varieties, smooth and bright potato skin, with a weight of 1-2 two, medium-sized healthy seed potatoes for the species. When selecting the seed potato, it is necessary to strictly remove the epidermis cracks, malformations, pointed heads, necrotic buds, raw lesions, or black rot tubers of the umbilicus. 2. Dicing with small whole potatoes for planting: Seed-planting of diatoms can promote the exchange of oxygen inside and outside the tubers, breaking dormancy, early germination and emergence. However, when cutting, it is easy to pass diseases through the knife, causing bad seeds, lack of seedlings or increase the incidence of field, and accelerate the degradation of varieties. The cuttings are too large and the amount of seed is large, generally cut into 20-30 grams is appropriate. Dicing when cutting, so that each cutting has a bud with the top edge. Cut out the diseased potato when cutting, and cut the utensils to be strictly disinfected to prevent transmission of disease. The use of small whole-potato seeds can avoid the disease caused by cutting knives, and the viability and drought resistance of small whole potatoes are strong. The emergence of seeds after sowing is early and neat, and the number of buds, the number of main stems and the number of tubers per hole increase. Therefore, about 25 grams of robust and small potatoes are used as seeds, which has significant effect on disease prevention and yield increase. However, the sweet potato generally has a short growing period, low maturity, long dormancy, and often premature aging. The cultivation needs to grasp the appropriate density, make germination, increase potassium fertilizer, and with the corresponding nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, in order to play the production potential of small potatoes for the species. 3. Germination: Germination is an important measure for preventing disease and producing high yields in potato cultivation. Germination before sowing can promote early maturity and increase yield. At the same time, during the germination process, diseased rotten potatoes can be eliminated, and the rate of diseased plants in the field or lack of seedlings after planting can be reduced, which is beneficial to seedlings and seedlings. Germination method: The seed potato and sand are layered and placed in layers, and the thickness is about 3-4 layers. Under the optimum temperature and constant humidity of about 20°C, seed potatoes can germinate after about 10 days. When germinating, seed germination can be improved by soaking seeds with 0.5-1ppm gibberellic acid solution or 0.1%-0.2% potassium permanganate solution for 10-15 minutes or soaking with 2% thiourea for 20 minutes.
Timely sowing. An important condition for determining the appropriate time for potato sowing is the temperature of the growing period. In principle, the potato potato harvest period should be at a daily average temperature of 15°C-25°C. The longer this period is suitable for continuous tuber growth, the higher the total weight. Most of them are planted after late rice or medium rice. The autumn potatoes are sown from late September to late October, and the winter potatoes are sown from late December to mid-January.
Closely planted. The yield factors that make up the potato are the product of the number of trees per unit area and the yield per plant. Yield per plant is determined by the number of potato plants per plant and the weight of individual potatoes. There is a contradiction between the increase in population and the increase in yield per plant. When the number of plants per unit area increased, the yield per plant decreased correspondingly, both of which had a certain dependency on the planting density. Within a certain density range, the yield of the population increased with the increase of the density; the yield per plant decreased with the increase of the density. Therefore, the determination of density must consider the harmonization of the two contradictory factors of population yield and individual yield. When the density is small, though the single plant is well developed and the yield is high, the total number of plants per unit area is small, the number of tubers is less, and the yield is not high. If the density is too high, although the total number of plants is large, the single potato weight is very low and the same yield is not high. Therefore, the rational close planting is to make a reasonable group structure within the unit area, which can not only make individuals develop well, but also can exert the group's production increase effect, so as to make full use of light energy and land force, and thus obtain high yield. Considering the coordinated development of populations and individuals, the potato has about 6,000 plants per acre under the general cultivation level, and each plant has 2-3 stems.
In response to the current status of the development of potato cultivation, the following major cultivation techniques are proposed:
Site preparation. Potatoes are crops that are not resistant to continuous cropping. Potato plots are planted in plots that have not been planted with potatoes and other solanaceous crops for three years. Potatoes are very sensitive to continuous cropping. Production must avoid continuous cropping.
Potato tubers are enlarged and need to loosen fertile soil. Therefore, the plots for planting potatoes are best selected from flat land, irrigation conditions, well-drained, deep plowed and loose sandy loam. After harvesting, we must plough deep into the fields, and then we must do it. The width and height of the earthworm depend on the topography and soil moisture. High-drainage well-developed land can be used for wide-open, low-lying, poorly-drained, narrow or high-lying.
Seed treatment. 1. Selected seed potatoes: On the basis of selecting good varieties, choose the regular shape of potato, with the typical characteristics of the varieties, smooth and bright potato skin, with a weight of 1-2 two, medium-sized healthy seed potatoes for the species. When selecting the seed potato, it is necessary to strictly remove the epidermis cracks, malformations, pointed heads, necrotic buds, raw lesions, or black rot tubers of the umbilicus. 2. Dicing with small whole potatoes for planting: Seed-planting of diatoms can promote the exchange of oxygen inside and outside the tubers, breaking dormancy, early germination and emergence. However, when cutting, it is easy to pass diseases through the knife, causing bad seeds, lack of seedlings or increase the incidence of field, and accelerate the degradation of varieties. The cuttings are too large and the amount of seed is large, generally cut into 20-30 grams is appropriate. Dicing when cutting, so that each cutting has a bud with the top edge. Cut out the diseased potato when cutting, and cut the utensils to be strictly disinfected to prevent transmission of disease. The use of small whole-potato seeds can avoid the disease caused by cutting knives, and the viability and drought resistance of small whole potatoes are strong. The emergence of seeds after sowing is early and neat, and the number of buds, the number of main stems and the number of tubers per hole increase. Therefore, about 25 grams of robust and small potatoes are used as seeds, which has significant effect on disease prevention and yield increase. However, the sweet potato generally has a short growing period, low maturity, long dormancy, and often premature aging. The cultivation needs to grasp the appropriate density, make germination, increase potassium fertilizer, and with the corresponding nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, in order to play the production potential of small potatoes for the species. 3. Germination: Germination is an important measure for preventing disease and producing high yields in potato cultivation. Germination before sowing can promote early maturity and increase yield. At the same time, during the germination process, diseased rotten potatoes can be eliminated, and the rate of diseased plants in the field or lack of seedlings after planting can be reduced, which is beneficial to seedlings and seedlings. Germination method: The seed potato and sand are layered and placed in layers, and the thickness is about 3-4 layers. Under the optimum temperature and constant humidity of about 20°C, seed potatoes can germinate after about 10 days. When germinating, seed germination can be improved by soaking seeds with 0.5-1ppm gibberellic acid solution or 0.1%-0.2% potassium permanganate solution for 10-15 minutes or soaking with 2% thiourea for 20 minutes.
Timely sowing. An important condition for determining the appropriate time for potato sowing is the temperature of the growing period. In principle, the potato potato harvest period should be at a daily average temperature of 15°C-25°C. The longer this period is suitable for continuous tuber growth, the higher the total weight. Most of them are planted after late rice or medium rice. The autumn potatoes are sown from late September to late October, and the winter potatoes are sown from late December to mid-January.
Closely planted. The yield factors that make up the potato are the product of the number of trees per unit area and the yield per plant. Yield per plant is determined by the number of potato plants per plant and the weight of individual potatoes. There is a contradiction between the increase in population and the increase in yield per plant. When the number of plants per unit area increased, the yield per plant decreased correspondingly, both of which had a certain dependency on the planting density. Within a certain density range, the yield of the population increased with the increase of the density; the yield per plant decreased with the increase of the density. Therefore, the determination of density must consider the harmonization of the two contradictory factors of population yield and individual yield. When the density is small, though the single plant is well developed and the yield is high, the total number of plants per unit area is small, the number of tubers is less, and the yield is not high. If the density is too high, although the total number of plants is large, the single potato weight is very low and the same yield is not high. Therefore, the rational close planting is to make a reasonable group structure within the unit area, which can not only make individuals develop well, but also can exert the group's production increase effect, so as to make full use of light energy and land force, and thus obtain high yield. Considering the coordinated development of populations and individuals, the potato has about 6,000 plants per acre under the general cultivation level, and each plant has 2-3 stems.
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