1. Eat colostrum. The milk secreted by cows within 5 days after delivery is the colostrum, which is the only nutrient after the calf's birth. It is necessary to allow calves to eat colostrum as soon as possible. Colostrum is rich in nutrients such as proteins and fats and immune antibodies. It has nutrition, enhances physical fitness, resists disease, and promotes meconium excretion. Therefore, the newborn yak should try to eat as early as possible, eat more colostrum, the sooner you eat, the more you eat, the faster the weight gain, the stronger the constitution. Under normal circumstances, calves eat colostrum within half an hour to one hour after birth and cannot be more than two hours at the latest. The yaks in the 20 days after birth are breastfeeding every 1 hour or so. After 20 days, they are breast-feeding once every 4 hours. As the age increases, the number of nursing cycles decreases and the time interval increases accordingly. For calf cows that do not allow calves to suck their nipples, calves should be fed colostrum by hand. If colostrum of calving cows cannot be used, colostrum from other cows can be fed. If the colostrum temperature is too low, keep the water heated to 38°C and feed it. Without colostrum, artificial milk can be used instead. Formula for artificial milk: 2 eggs, 13 ml of cod liver oil, 400 ml of fresh milk, and 8 g of salt. Stir thoroughly and evenly. Heat water to 38°C and feed the calves 3 times a day. Feed 5 to 7 days later. Feed regular milk and add 350 ml of fresh milk daily from the third day.
2. Early feeding. Early supplementation will help the calf's growth and development, and it will help the calves to ruminate earlier and make the rumen function as early as possible to promote the increase of gastrointestinal volume. At the same time, roughage can also increase the secretion of calf's salivary glands, intestinal glands, and pancreas and improve digestion. Calves like to eat young leguminous hay or tender leaves, when it is 2 weeks old, can be installed in the cow calf circle feeding bar, the chopped tender hay, carrots in the trough for free food. At the same time, it is necessary to increase the quality of hay in order to promote the digestion and absorption of rumen of calves, and to accelerate the growth and development of calves, and avoid feeding low quality or moldy hay. To ensure sufficient drinking water, you can use free drinking water or regular drinking water, and drink warm water in winter.
3. Feed timely. After 25 days of age, calves can begin to gradually feed mixed concentrates. Generally, the content of crude protein in mixed concentrates should be above 18%, and attention should be paid to the supply of protein feeds that are high in quality and easy to digest and have good palatability. The crude fiber content should not exceed 6 %, but also calcium and phosphorus. The composition of the concentrate may be comminuted corn, wheat, bran, bean cake, salt, and the like. Feeds for early feeding should be loose in texture and easy to digest. They can be crushed after being fried to improve palatability. Feeding of beans and high-fat feeds should not be used to avoid indigestion. In order to make the yak better use of starch, a small amount of malt can be added to the mixed concentrate to promote the saccharification of starch. Feeding should be timed and quantified. The amount of feed should be increased from less to more, and less to ground. Too much can easily cause food ingestion, causing food refusal, indigestion and diarrhea. Pay attention to supply clean drinking water while feeding. After 11 to 13 weeks of age, the calf's milk production decreased, and the number of feedings began to decrease. Gradually feeding was the main factor, supplemented by breastfeeding. At this time, attention should be paid to supplementing high-quality protein such as soybean cake and fish meal. Feed, in order to facilitate the rapid growth of yaks, more weight gain.
4. Strengthen health care. As the calf's thermoregulatory ability is poor, it is very sensitive to changes in the ambient temperature. Therefore, it is very important to do a good job of protecting the cold in winter. The cows should be transferred to the delivery room before they are brought into production. The maternity ward should have good insulation effect. The soft and clean hay should be spread on the ground. If necessary, put in heating facilities to ensure that the temperature is between 18°C ​​and 22°C. When yak is born, pay attention to sterilizing the umbilical cord to prevent contamination. The yak is most likely to develop diarrhea in about one week after birth, and attention should be paid to breastfeeding, drinking water, and housing hygiene to observe the calf's breathing, appetite, spirit, urine, and feces at any time. If abnormalities are found, timely treatment is required. Thoroughly sterilize the pens and their excreta.
5. timely weaning. After 45 days of age, the calf's dependency on breast milk is greatly reduced, and it has been transferred to the stage of feeding plant feed. After a period of adaptive feeding, it can be weaned smoothly up to 3 months of age. A one-time method of weaning is generally used to separate mothers and no longer gregarious. The method of gradual weaning can also be used, that is, from the age of 60 days, the mother's separation time is gradually extended until the final weaning.
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