Recently, when the author went to the countryside to investigate, he saw farmers remove some deformed strawberry fruits from the greenhouse and dump them on the ditch. Why do we have deformed strawberry fruit in the greenhouse?
The reason why strawberries produce teratogenic fruit is, from a large aspect, the first stage of the ecological environment and the growth and development of some strawberries is not appropriate, and the second is that the cultivation and management techniques are not in place. Specifically, the affected factors are temperature, humidity, light, moisture, fertilizer, pollination, etc., resulting in some plants with poor strawberry development. From the main factors, one is excessive nitrogen fertilizer application, the second is the lack of boron fertilizer, the third is high temperature and drought, and the fourth is poor drainage. For example, when there is too much nitrogen fertilizer, strawberry grows vigorously, and at the same time, two or more flower buds may be differentiated at the growing point, and it is easy to form flat cockscomb fruit after gathering. Another example is that when boron is insufficient, the flowers are small, pollination is poor, and the fruit shrinks on one side and becomes deformed. When the temperature is high and dry, the watering is excessive, and the fruit is easily cracked. Groundwater level is too high, drainage is not smooth, ventilation is not timely, often pollen germination, vitality is restricted, insect pollination is inhibited, poor fertilization, easy to form flattened fruit. In addition, the lack of honeybees in greenhouses in greenhouses will also reduce the success rate of strawberry pollination.
In order to improve the yield and quality of strawberries and prevent the occurrence of malformed fruit, the following methods should be taken.
First of all, choose the species with high yield rate. The malformed fruit rate of some varieties is about 30%, the fruitful rate of Fengxiang and Lihong is high, the malformed fruit rate of All Stars is about 20%, and the deformed fruit of Hani is not more than 10%.
Second, scientific formula fertilization. To achieve a combination of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, in particular, appropriate proportion of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied. Each acre base fertilizer should be applied to farmyard fertilizer 4000 ~ 5000 kg, 40 ~ 50 kg of superphosphate, 15 kg of potassium sulfate, boron holding capacity of 0.2 kg, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium compound fertilizer 30 kg. After planting, the compound fertilizer was applied once every 20 days or so, and 10 kg per acre was applied. At the same time, spraying Huimanfeng Active Liquid Fertilizer and Sonic Boron 2~3 times.
Third, regulate temperature and humidity. Using plastic greenhouse insulation cultivation of strawberries, first, after the flowering does not easily surface irrigation is not easy; Second, the use of furrow irrigation, with the irrigation with row; third is to open a large shed outside the ditch, lower groundwater level; Fourth, timely lift the waist Ventilation of the window, control the humidity within the shed no more than 40%. At the same time, pay attention to adjust the temperature, the minimum temperature of not less than 0 °C, the maximum does not exceed 32 °C, during the day at 25 °C ~ 28 °C.
Fourth, do a good job of supporting measures. One is to put a bee into each half-acre shed to increase pollination probability; second is to use high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticides to prevent pests from flowering; third is to remove abnormally shaped young fruit with abnormal shape; fourth is to constantly wipe out old leaves, Invalid axillary buds improve light conditions for normal birth of strawberries.
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