At present, China raises households to feed seawater fish with small junk fish. This risk is high, and it pollutes water bodies. The marine fish feed needs to gradually shift to dry granules.
Since the 20th century, due to the overexploitation and utilization of marine resources and environmental pollution, fisheries resources have been declining, and seawater cage culture has gradually emerged. The development of marine fish feed has begun to gain importance. At present, the majority of seawater fish breeding in China is mainly fed with small junk fish (chilled fish). It is a waste of food and has a high feed coefficient, causing serious pollution to water bodies. Moreover, the supply of small trash fish is also affected by the marine resources and the fishing season. The quality and quantity cannot be guaranteed, which undoubtedly increases the risk of breeding.
Marine fish culture has developed rapidly in recent years, and it is likely to form the fourth aquaculture climax following the 1970s kelp cultivation, shrimp farming in the 1980s and the first two years of South American shrimp culture. The development of the industry puts forward new challenges and requirements for the development and production of marine fish feed. For the time being, the author believes that the study of the nutritional requirements of marine fish and the development of marine fish feed have limited the development of marine fish farming. The author believes that the development trend and research direction of marine fish feed in the future should be:
1. Land-based factory breeding and large-scale cage culture on the sea will be the development direction of marine fish breeding in China in the future. Feed is an important material basis for fish farming. The development of feed will play an important role in promoting the development of intensive fish farming in seawater, and it is one of the key factors for the sustainable development of marine fish breeding. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out the industrialization development and application of marine fish feed, and organize research and research on the issues. The state must formulate preferential policies, increase investment in scientific research funds, and support the application of basic research. We must cultivate it as an industry and encourage enterprises to invest in development.
2. Thoroughly and systematically study the nutritional needs of the main cultured species of marine fish, select several representative species to conduct focused research, and combine the systematic nature of the research content with the reliability of the research results to avoid low-level repeated studies. . We will strive to achieve the following research objectives: to determine the nutritional parameters of several marine fishes; to screen out feed formulas applicable to different breeds and different culture modes; and to formulate feed nutrition standards.
3. The development of feeds for juvenile juveniles of seawater fishes must be carried out. The development of feeds for breeding seawater fishes is the key to the success of breeding. China has very few researches and developments in this area. Open feeds mainly rely on imports, so it is necessary to step up the development of juvenile fishes. Nutrition research and processing technology of micron feeds.
4. Development of new protein sources. The shortage of fishmeal resources, especially the import of fishmeal, is expensive and severely restricts the further development of the aquafeed industry. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and utilize other protein sources that can replace fishmeal.
5. The research and development of feed additives should focus on the application of multi-dimensional and trace elements in marine fish feed, enzyme preparations, colorants, attractants, and immune preparations in marine fish feed.
6, deep-water cages and land-based high-density culture in recent years, the rapid development of new international farming methods, high scientific and technological content and automation. Deep water cages have strong wind and wave resistance, and they have good fish products, which are conducive to disease prevention and environmental protection. They are the key projects supported and promoted by the Fujian Oceanic and Fisheries Administration in recent years. In Zhejiang, Hainan and other provinces are also applied, promoted, the number of breeding cages gradually increased. Land-based intensive farming has also developed rapidly in recent years. This is the direction that seawater fish farming in China will move from scattered to intensive in the future. Therefore, the difference in nutrient requirements between the two farming modes and the existing conventional breeding mode should be studied, and then a more suitable compound feed should be developed.
7. Automatic feeding technology and equipment research, automatic feeding technology and equipment is an important supporting work in intensive farming, which has been widely used abroad, with deep-water cages and land-based intensive farming in our country. With rapid development, we must also pay attention to it. The main research content is the determination of the reasonable feeding rate at different growth stages of the cultured species and the development of an automatic feeding system.
8. Strengthen the research on the composition of raw materials and processing techniques for several kinds of marine aquaculture fish that are most suitable for feed form and environment-friendly feed.
9. Take various measures to protect the offshore fishery resources and reduce the amount of small miscellaneous fish fishing and use. After several years, we will basically achieve the replacement of small miscellaneous fish used directly in commercial fish culture of marine fish with compound feed. At this stage, through propaganda, demonstration and other methods, farmers can be guided to use less fishy bait (small trash fish) and more wet pellet feed. After the formulation level, processing technology, and aquaculture performance of the dry pellet feed are substantially increased, the transition to the use of dry pellet feed is gradually made.
Since the 20th century, due to the overexploitation and utilization of marine resources and environmental pollution, fisheries resources have been declining, and seawater cage culture has gradually emerged. The development of marine fish feed has begun to gain importance. At present, the majority of seawater fish breeding in China is mainly fed with small junk fish (chilled fish). It is a waste of food and has a high feed coefficient, causing serious pollution to water bodies. Moreover, the supply of small trash fish is also affected by the marine resources and the fishing season. The quality and quantity cannot be guaranteed, which undoubtedly increases the risk of breeding.
Marine fish culture has developed rapidly in recent years, and it is likely to form the fourth aquaculture climax following the 1970s kelp cultivation, shrimp farming in the 1980s and the first two years of South American shrimp culture. The development of the industry puts forward new challenges and requirements for the development and production of marine fish feed. For the time being, the author believes that the study of the nutritional requirements of marine fish and the development of marine fish feed have limited the development of marine fish farming. The author believes that the development trend and research direction of marine fish feed in the future should be:
1. Land-based factory breeding and large-scale cage culture on the sea will be the development direction of marine fish breeding in China in the future. Feed is an important material basis for fish farming. The development of feed will play an important role in promoting the development of intensive fish farming in seawater, and it is one of the key factors for the sustainable development of marine fish breeding. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out the industrialization development and application of marine fish feed, and organize research and research on the issues. The state must formulate preferential policies, increase investment in scientific research funds, and support the application of basic research. We must cultivate it as an industry and encourage enterprises to invest in development.
2. Thoroughly and systematically study the nutritional needs of the main cultured species of marine fish, select several representative species to conduct focused research, and combine the systematic nature of the research content with the reliability of the research results to avoid low-level repeated studies. . We will strive to achieve the following research objectives: to determine the nutritional parameters of several marine fishes; to screen out feed formulas applicable to different breeds and different culture modes; and to formulate feed nutrition standards.
3. The development of feeds for juvenile juveniles of seawater fishes must be carried out. The development of feeds for breeding seawater fishes is the key to the success of breeding. China has very few researches and developments in this area. Open feeds mainly rely on imports, so it is necessary to step up the development of juvenile fishes. Nutrition research and processing technology of micron feeds.
4. Development of new protein sources. The shortage of fishmeal resources, especially the import of fishmeal, is expensive and severely restricts the further development of the aquafeed industry. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and utilize other protein sources that can replace fishmeal.
5. The research and development of feed additives should focus on the application of multi-dimensional and trace elements in marine fish feed, enzyme preparations, colorants, attractants, and immune preparations in marine fish feed.
6, deep-water cages and land-based high-density culture in recent years, the rapid development of new international farming methods, high scientific and technological content and automation. Deep water cages have strong wind and wave resistance, and they have good fish products, which are conducive to disease prevention and environmental protection. They are the key projects supported and promoted by the Fujian Oceanic and Fisheries Administration in recent years. In Zhejiang, Hainan and other provinces are also applied, promoted, the number of breeding cages gradually increased. Land-based intensive farming has also developed rapidly in recent years. This is the direction that seawater fish farming in China will move from scattered to intensive in the future. Therefore, the difference in nutrient requirements between the two farming modes and the existing conventional breeding mode should be studied, and then a more suitable compound feed should be developed.
7. Automatic feeding technology and equipment research, automatic feeding technology and equipment is an important supporting work in intensive farming, which has been widely used abroad, with deep-water cages and land-based intensive farming in our country. With rapid development, we must also pay attention to it. The main research content is the determination of the reasonable feeding rate at different growth stages of the cultured species and the development of an automatic feeding system.
8. Strengthen the research on the composition of raw materials and processing techniques for several kinds of marine aquaculture fish that are most suitable for feed form and environment-friendly feed.
9. Take various measures to protect the offshore fishery resources and reduce the amount of small miscellaneous fish fishing and use. After several years, we will basically achieve the replacement of small miscellaneous fish used directly in commercial fish culture of marine fish with compound feed. At this stage, through propaganda, demonstration and other methods, farmers can be guided to use less fishy bait (small trash fish) and more wet pellet feed. After the formulation level, processing technology, and aquaculture performance of the dry pellet feed are substantially increased, the transition to the use of dry pellet feed is gradually made.
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