In the north-south cotton region of China, spring cotton generally enters the mature period of boll opening from late August to early September. This year's cotton production, due to the impact of low temperature and rain, and other climate, resulting in a large area of ​​spring cotton sowing seedlings late, budding, flowering period than the average 7 ~ 10 days delayed, is expected to maturity of cotton boll opening will be postponed more than a week. Coupled with the increase in the proportion of cotton fields, interplanting cotton fields are mostly greedy green late. Therefore, the measures to promote early maturity in the management of cotton fields in this year are particularly important.
Many years of practice have shown that the correct use of ethephon ripening in late-maturing cotton fields is a good measure to facilitate production and increase production. After the cotton sprayed with ethephon, the boll can be spit early for 7 to 10 days, and the pre-frost flower rate increased by 10% to 20%, the yield increased by 6.4% to 10.2%, and the income per mu increased by 30 to 50 yuan. And ripening cotton fields are also conducive to the sowing of crops such as wheat and the increase of yield. However, ethephon is also a “double-edged swordâ€. If it is used improperly, it will not only increase production but also reduce production. Therefore, we must master the use of ethephon technology to achieve correct use in order to achieve the desired results.
Correct application of cotton fields. To select the cotton field with late-maturing and late-growth cotton, it is mainly interplanting cotton fields, summer sowing cotton and hybrid cotton with strong after-effects. If more than 80% of cotton bolls are selected in the 40-45-day cotton field, the effect of the application will be particularly good. For normal and mature cotton fields, especially cotton fields with premature aging, ethephon can not be sprayed, otherwise it will cause early decline and decline of cotton plants resulting in reduced yield. For the breeding of cotton in elite varieties, ethephon can not be sprayed. If sprayed, the maturity of seeds will be reduced and the germination rate will be reduced.
Correctly grasp the appropriate period of application. The effect of spraying ethephon is closely related to temperature. Because ethephon must be decomposed and released at temperatures above 20°C, it takes about 15 days for the maximum daily temperature to rise above 20°C after spraying in the cotton field, so as to receive a good application effect. According to this principle, the spraying time in the cotton fields in northern China should be 20 days before the frost period; the spraying time in the southern cotton area is mainly based on the boll period and the stalk pulling period of the main cotton boll, which is generally before the stalk is pulled. 15~20 days is appropriate. The specific time of spraying should also be flexibly applied according to local conditions. In general years, China's Huang-Huai-Huai cotton area should be sprayed around October 5; in the cotton-growing area of ​​the Yangtze River valley, spraying from October 15 to 20 is more appropriate.
Spraying methods and pesticide dosages. To select sunny days without wind or breeze, spray from 9am to 3pm. The amount of pesticides used depends on the growth of the cotton, the temperature at the time, and the time of spraying. For the cotton fields that are growing vigorously, late in the application period, low in temperature, and eager to pluck maggots, the application amount should be appropriately increased, but the application amount per mu cannot exceed 200 ml; otherwise, the application amount should be appropriately reduced. In the Huang-Huai area, if it is necessary to apply pesticides at the beginning of October, use 40% ethephon pesticides per acre for 100 ml, water for 50 kg, and spray evenly after dilution; if the pesticides are applied at the end of October to the middle of the month, apply per acre. 150 milliliters of medication, 60 kilograms of water, spray evenly after dilution. Dilute the liquid medicine into a sprayer, align it with the green bell on the cotton plant, and spray evenly from top to bottom so that each cotton boll that needs ripening is full of liquid medicine.
Spraying 40% ethephon with 2% superphosphate has a good effect. Late spraying cotton 2% superphosphate dilution, has a significant role in promoting premature, prevent premature aging, increase production, increase income, generally can increase production by about 5%. Due to the fact that superphosphate is an acidic fertilizer and mixed with acidic ethephon, it will not only affect the efficacy of ethephon, but it will also have a synergistic effect on ethephon, and it is worth promoting in accordance with local conditions. The method is: first, 1 kg of high-quality superphosphate fertilizer with 50 ~ 60 kg of clear water, remove the residue, and then add the required ethylene yield per mu, mix and spray.
There are several issues to be aware of when using ethephon. First, ethephonic acid pesticides are susceptible to decomposition due to alkaline substances, so they must not be mixed with alkaline pesticides. The prepared ethephon diluent should not be stored, so it should be used with the preparation. Second, if the rain drops occur within six hours after the application of ethephon in the cotton field, it is necessary to re-apply after the rain. Third, prior to application, the bolls of the boll should be harvested so that the quality of boll bolls caused by spraying is not reduced. Fourth, the ethephon solution is strongly acidic, which has a strong stimulatory effect on the human body and must be protected during work. When the liquid adheres to the skin, rinse immediately with soap and water. Fifth, do not listen to biased beliefs and buy counterfeit medicines. In recent years, there have been many kinds of crop ripening agents on the market. Most of these products are fake and inferior products that cannot be registered or used without approval from the agricultural administrative department. Farmers should purchase ethephon pesticides from regular manufacturers through formal channels.
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