Strawberries only have long stems and do not produce fruit. They have a direct relationship with the formation of flower buds. Because only the formation of flower buds, strawberries can produce flowering results. If flower bud formation is hindered, it will lead to ineffectual phenomena. In the following, the factors influencing the formation of flower buds in strawberry were analyzed from both internal and external factors.
(1) Internal factors:
1, species characteristics. Different varieties of mature varieties, flower bud differentiation sooner or later, the number of differentiated flowers, different flower buds.
2, nutrients. Plant nutrient status is closely related to flower bud formation. Flower bud differentiation period, adequate carbohydrates (C), proper nitrogen nutrition (N), and increased C/N ratio favored flower bud differentiation. On the contrary, the C/N ratio was low, and flower buds differentiated later. Strong seedlings were earlier than the flower buds of weak seedlings, and the number of florets also increased accordingly. Excessive nitrogen, strong nutrient growth, is not conducive to flower bud differentiation.
3, growth regulating substances. Growth regulators are mainly endogenous hormones. Flower bud differentiation is the result of the interaction between hormones that promote flower bud differentiation and hormones that inhibit flower bud differentiation. Hormones that promote growth generally, such as gibberellins and auxins, are not conducive to flower bud differentiation; hormones that inhibit growth, such as abscisic acid and cytokinins, promote flower bud differentiation.
(2) External factors:
1, temperature and light. Temperature and light affect the photosynthetic and respiratory physiological processes of strawberries, which affect the production of carbon nutrients and affect the formation of flower buds. Low temperature and short days induce flower bud formation. Most strawberry varieties begin flower bud differentiation when the daily average temperature falls below 20°C and when the sunshine is shortened to 12 hours or less under low temperature and short-day conditions. However, it takes 10-17°C and 10 hours for short days for rapid differentiation.
2, fertilization and watering. For the same variety, due to excessive nitrogen fertilizer, watering and precipitation, the plant nutrition growth is strong, and the performance of legumes or excessive leaves and leaves of plants will delay the differentiation of flower buds. Try not to irrigate a lot of water and apply too much nitrogen fertilizer so as not to make the plants greedy for green growth and less nutrient accumulation, thus affecting the quality of flower bud differentiation.
3, plant growth regulators. Artificial spraying of gibberellin can inhibit flower bud differentiation; plant growth retardants and inhibitors, such as chlormequat, paclobutrazol, abscisic acid, etc. applied to strawberry seedlings will inhibit plant growth and promote flower bud differentiation.
4, pick leaves. Tests have shown that the extraction of leaves from strawberry seedlings can induce flowering, and the removal of old leaves is more effective than the removal of new leaves. The analysis showed that the old leaves contained more inhibitory substances of flowers, and their content was reduced after removal; removal of old leaves could reduce the consumption of nutrients and increase accumulation, thereby promoting flower bud differentiation; production should grasp the appropriateness of leaf extraction.
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