Muskmelon cultivation technology

First, biological characteristics

Muskmelon is a warm, dry, multi-sunshine climate. The growth period is 28-30 degrees Celsius, 16 to 20 degrees Celsius at night, and 20 to 25 degrees Celsius in the ground. The lowest limit is 15 centimeters above 18 degrees Celsius. If the growth period is insufficient and the temperature is high, the vines tend to be long and the female flowers are not easy to differentiate, and it is not easy to set fruit or result in poor results. When the night temperature is too high and the temperature difference between day and night is small, the fruit is large, but the fruit surface is not perfect, the sugar content is reduced, and the quality is also slightly worse. When the night temperature is too low, fruit enlargement is hindered, and the result rate is affected. Therefore, depending on the cultivation period, suitable varieties are selected.

Muskmelon is a shallow root crop and has good air permeability. If the soil is too shallow, the roots will not stretch well, affecting the rate of results. Therefore, it should be selected for prevention and control: 1.8% Abaming 1000 times spray.
It is ideal to have a well-ventilated environment with good water retention and good ventilation. Acid neutrality is preferred, and it is suitable for paddy planting such as rice and corn.

Second, cultivation and management

(I) Cultivation methods:

1. Cultivation of silver black plastic film cloth covering open field surface: This method can reduce the occurrence of virus disease, maintain good soil physical properties, reduce the loss of water and nutrients, promote the development of root colonies and many other advantages, making the cultivation of the melon melon more stable. .

2, ramp cultivation: with cold, insulation, rain, reduce disease and adjust the function of the production period. The surface temperature and humidity in the shed must be adjusted.

3. Two cultivations for the ramps: In order to save costs, reduce labor, and shorten cultivation time, two cultivation methods are used. Using the original cultivation plant and existing facilities and equipment, only the planting position is changed and the melon can be planted once more. Should choose to have good drainage, strong fertility, and the appropriate length of rotation is appropriate. Unsuitable soil should be avoided. It is advisable to plant varieties with strong disease resistance or early stability.

4, simple plastic film cloth room cultivation: This cultivation method has a long history, but because of the high cost, the cultivation area is not much. Simple plastic film room cultivation, there are two kinds of vertical and alfalfa cultivation. Vertical cultivation requires more labor and requires more precise cultivation techniques. If there is no experience in vertical cultivation, it often leads to unstable or unsuccessful yields. The cultivation in the field is more extensive and stable, but the number of plants will be less. It is advisable to have detailed consideration before planting.

(b) Fertilizer and Fertilizer:

Muskmelon is a short-term crop, and fertilizers are preferred for quick-acting properties. The amount of fertilization must be considered in consideration of soil fat, soil properties, cultivation time, and cultivated varieties. The amount of fertilization is also different. Excessive application is not only wasteful, but also affects plant growth and physiological barriers, and fertilizer is insufficient. Weak, low output. Fertilization methods include deep tillage and fertilization. For soils with deep soil, strong fertility, and low frequency of irrigation, it is best to plough deep and fully apply the whole amount of fertilizer to the soil for basal fertilizer application. Top dressing is supplemented by liquid fertilizer foliar application. Shallow soil or poor fertility of the sand, the nutrient easily lost, the need for large amounts of water, fertilization method to do 70% base fertilizer trench, 30% to do a small amount of top dressing multiple times, or install spray hose with liquid Fertilization is the most suitable. Fertilization can be divided into several periods. Fertilizer nutrients required for different periods of time are also different.

Planting Density: The distance between planting lines is adjusted according to the cultivation method, cultivation time, introduction method, soil properties and variety characteristics. In principle, the distance between the two plants is about 50 cm.

(c) Topping and pruning methods: In order to make the melon melon fruit in the most ideal position, the result period is consistent, and topping and pruning are the necessary means for cultivation. The number of fruit remaining is the focus of stability and quality. Whether the operation period is appropriate or not, the cleverness of its branches directly affects the quality of the output and quality, and this work cannot be neglected in cultivation. The pruning should be carried out on a sunny day, and should be used in conjunction with the spraying. The spraying should be avoided during the flowering period. Otherwise, it should be applied in the evening.

(4) Retaining fruit branches: Increasing the output per unit area is a common desire of all people. However, when the number of fruits of a strain of Muskmelon is large, the value of its products is greatly reduced. Quality and quantity can not be both, with the principle of quality first and output second, so it is more important to work for fruit retention. After 5 to 10 days of planting, if the young fruit is large, choose a longer fruit type and the correct person will begin to leave fruit. By the way, the petals of the flower marks are removed to reduce the invasion of germs. The decision on the number of fruit remaining depends on the characteristics of the variety and the growth of the plant.

Only good appearance, quality is stable. Therefore, it is advisable to adopt elite militaryism in the concept of preserved fruits and fruits, and it is not appropriate to increase the number of fruits and reduce the number of fruits. The fruiting period should not be too late to avoid affecting fertility. In the early spring cultivation, the fruits of the intended results are covered with vines, and in the case of sustained low temperatures, the fruits are inflated badly, and when the plants grow to flourish, secondary results can be left. If the number of fruit remaining for the first time is small, one fruit per vine can be reserved, but it is better to use early varieties. Late seeds are slightly inferior in quality sugar and fruit retention is not ideal. The cultivation of autumn leaves is better than that of double vines. Because the fruit is large in autumn, the number of results is also small. The principle of each fruit is 1 fruit. In order to reduce the occurrence of the second result, the non-resulting female flowers are removed immediately after the pruning and pruning. The number of fruits left in autumn is less than that of spring.

(e) Water management: Muskmelon is neither resistant to dryness nor to excessive moisture. The amount of irrigation should be determined by the developmental stage, soil properties, soil moisture and climate of the melon. From the earliest stage of growth until flowering, the soil maintains proper moisture, making it appropriate for the plant to grow slowly and robustly. When there is too much water, the stems and leaves are prosperous, affecting the flowering results and being susceptible to diseases. Too dry causes fertility and poor growth. During the flowering period, irrigation should be reduced to avoid excessive growth and affect the rate of results. After 7 to 20 days, the result was the fastest period of fruit hypertrophy. Water was urgently needed and the amount of water should be increased. In particular, soils with poor water retention must be fully watered to promote fruit hypertrophy.

During fruit ripening, it is desirable to control moisture and maintain proper drying. At this time, if soil moisture is excessive, the sugar content will decrease and the ripening period will be delayed. Fruits will easily cause fruit cracking and diseases, and the fruit surface of unreticulate varieties will be prone to sparse reticulation. White skin varieties can easily cause uneven skin color or fruit stains, affecting the appearance of large. Reticulata cucumis cultivars entered the period of fruit hardening 14 to 20 days after flowering, and the fruit surface began to form reticulate lines. If the reticulate formation was overly watery at the initial stage, coarse cracks were likely to occur and the reticulation was not beautiful. Therefore, the moisture should be reduced about 7 days before the formation of the reticulate, and when the reticulation is gradually completed, the moisture is gradually increased to promote fruit enlargement and perfect texture. If the soil is too dry, the texture of the fruit surface is fine and incomplete and the appearance is not beautiful. During irrigation, the roots should be kept as dry as possible, and drainage should be drained as soon as possible during rainfall. Do not collect water.

(6) Ways to promote results: When the weather is good, the ranch and pruning should be done thoroughly before the results, so that the vines can maintain a proper space, with sufficient lighting and good ventilation. The result is topping and selecting the fine female flowers. Make it the result. Under these conditions, the general results are quite stable. In case of bad weather or indoor cultivation, if there are no vector insects, artificially assisted pollination is recommended. On the day of flowering, bisexual flower varieties are gently pollinated on the stigma with a watercolor pen to promote the results. . Spring cultivation often encounters cold currents, lower temperatures, poor flowering, weak pollen viability, and low rate of results, so the use of the result accelerators improves results. Muskmelon should focus on the premise of quality first, natural results (in insects or artificial pollination), is the best way to result.

(7) fruit cantaloupe pads, bagging and hanging fruit: In order to make the fruit clean and beautiful, the skin color is completely uniform, reduce fruit diseases and pests, and avoid direct contact with pesticides when spraying, and it is best to carry fruit and bagging after leaving fruit. Melon pad. In vertical cultivation, after the fruit is collected, a string is used to suspend the stem and fixed on the transverse line of the pillar to prevent the vine from breaking off and the fruit falling off.

Third, recovery and packaging

(i) Discrimination of appropriate harvest period.

Muskmelon's sugar content increases sharply around the fruit's near maturity. If it is harvested too early, not only the sugar content is low but also the meat quality is not good; harvesting will affect the storage and transport capacity too late, so the appropriate harvesting period should be the highest sugar content in the fruit. It is best when the quality is still soft at the end. The early-maturing varieties are generally easy to detangle, and their storage and transport properties are also poor. It is advisable to grasp the harvest before the detetherification. It is not appropriate to make late-maturing varieties early, otherwise the sugar content will not reach the standard. Generally, the appropriate harvest period of Muskmelon varieties can be judged by the following methods.

1. Change of peel color: When the fruit matures, the variety with easy peeling of the peel becomes yellow, orange, yellow-green, milky white, etc., and the appropriate picking time can be determined according to the discoloration of the pericarp.

2. A detachment mark occurs around the fruit pedicle: When the fruit stalk and the fruit-producing part begin to show signs of cracking, they are harvested before the final detachment.

3. There are yellowing characteristics around fruit stems or fruit pedicles: no reticulate varieties have this characteristic at the low temperature.

4, the results of the old leaves on the cranium is similar to the symptoms of magnesium deficiency.

5. Calculate the number of days of maturity: Use the method of marking to determine the maturity period.

6. Harvesting test: First harvest 2 to 3 fruit samples, and investigate the sugar content and quality to determine the appropriate harvest period.

(b) Harvest.

It is advisable to harvest in the early morning when the temperature is low. After harvesting, the fruits should be placed in a cool and cool place to avoid overlapping. After the fruit temperature and respiration are reduced, they should be graded and packaged. Generally, Muskmelon has ripening effect, and it is the best quality after harvesting at room temperature for 2 to 3 days. The longer the storage time of the melon, the lower the sugar content.

Fourth, pests and diseases

(a) Broom disease.

Leaf yellowish and dark brown concentric sulcus indentations occurred in the leaves, in short, they were cracked. The immersed part of the stem first occurs, which secretes a reddish-brown lipid, and finally becomes a grey-brown, cork-like, dry-blight spot with a small black spot on the lesion (sub-case). Lesions often occur in roots or stem nodes, and the roots often swell so that whole plants wither and die (commonly known as defeat).

Prevention and control method: use Manchuening 800 times liquid spray. Every 5 to 7 days, 4 to 5 times in a row.

The diseased stems were painted with marocunine or 53.8% copper hydroxide plus water 10 times, every 5-7 days at the time of onset.

(B) Downy mildew.

More from the base of the old leaves began to disease, the beginning is not obvious light yellow spots, followed by the veins for the community was a polygon yellow obvious lesions, lesions dry and easy to break; leaves dorsal lesions are gray and black, early leaves withered .

Control Law: 1, dew speed net 400 times liquid spray, once every 7 days when the onset of 3 to 4 days once.

2, Lei Duomi 500 to 800 times spray.

(c) Bacterial spotting.

The leaves began to immerse without water or plastic spots, and soon they turned gray-brown, and the tissue ruptured into small holes.

Prevention and control method: 10% Kuoping Ning powder 1000 ~ 1500 times liquid foliar spray, once every 7 to 10 days.

(d) Powdery mildew.

The stem leaves (especially the back of the leaves) develop a white powder that then turns gray, with small black particles appearing and yellow leaves falling.

Prevention method: powder rust 3000 times spray, every 7 days, onset of 4 to 5 days once for 3 to 4 times.

(e) Silver leaf mealybugs.

Harm situation: In addition to adult plants and larvae direct plant nutrient, and spread viral disease. Adults and larvae secret honeydew, induce ants or other insects to cause damage, induce black coal disease, and affect photosynthesis.
Control method: 1.8% Apadin 1000 times spray.

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