The scientific name of Asparagus is "Shibaibai" and the name "Asparagus officinalis" is the genus Lilium asparagus. It is a long-lasting perennial grass plant that grows continuously for more than 10 years after seed propagation. The soft stalks that have been softened by cultivating soil are called white asparagus, and the green asparagus is harvested after seeing light. Green asparagus is mainly used for fresh food, and white asparagus is used as canned food ingredients. According to the market's choice of planting mode and the ability to grow large-scale plants, according to requirements of local governments or organizers, whether the white asparagus required by processing companies or the purchase of white asparagus or green asparagus as required by the merchants, the benefits of farmers are not much different; white asparagus General processing exports, the domestic market, fewer fresh sales; the domestic market demand for green asparagus is very large, a small part of the export. Therefore, peasant households are planted on their own or in small areas, and green asparagus is better.
Asparagus has fine and delicate texture, aromatic flavor, top-notch compactness, and less brittle fiber. It contains protein, fat, calcium, iron and a variety of vitamins. It is a valuable vegetable, delicious and nutritious, and has high medicinal value. Blood pressure lowering and prevention of cardiovascular, urinary, and lymphatic system diseases have a unique anti-cancer effect. It is a well-known medicine in the world and has been hailed as the king of vegetables in Europe and the United States. Its products sell well at home and abroad. The prospect of planting asparagus has good prospects and high efficiency.
Asparagus is most suitable for warm winters and cool winters. The tender stems usually sprouted in spring are product organs, and their growth depends on the supply of stored nutrients in the previous year in roots. The growth of young shoots and yield formation were positively related to the number of stems in the previous year and the luxuriance of branches and leaves. The length of tender stems is closely related to varieties, environmental conditions, and cultivation techniques. The cultivation and management should be centered around the current year's output, stable and sustained high yield, and prolonged economic life. More organic fertilizers, such as compost and manure, are needed to promote loose and fertile soil for the development of root systems. The main cultivation techniques are as follows:
1 Asparagus is a perennial herb plant with good adaptability and variety. According to market demand, select suitable varieties, such as Apollo, purple passion (purple varieties), tara honey, Jersey giant, Endeavour, UC800 and other fine varieties. The shoots are stout and tidy, the top is not easy to disperse, the commodity rate is high, and the economic benefits are good. It is worth mentioning that female plants of asparagus are rich in nutrient consumption due to flowering, and their yield of young shoots is lower than that of male plants, but bamboo shoots produced by female plants are thick and heavy. Excellent asparagus cross-breeding generation seedlings planting in the year, the second year can shoot 150-200 kg/mu, the third year and the fourth year fresh bamboo shoots output can reach 600-1000 kg/mu, the mu efficiency can reach 5000-8000 yuan.
2 Nutrition, Cultivation, and Seedlings The use of nutritional seedlings to grow young seedlings is conducive to raising the seedling rate, cultivating strong seedlings, and planting wounds during transplanting, which is conducive to the early emergence of strong seedlings and the purpose of timely planting and early high-yield production.
2.1 Prepare enough nutrients and nutrients to be prepared one month ahead of schedule. Firstly, loose loam soil with high fertility level should be selected as the seedbed. The seedbed should be 1.3-1.5 meters wide and 10-15 cm deep. Each cubic soil nutrient soil before the system shall be applied into a decomposed chicken manure 30-40 pounds, phosphorus 2 pounds, plant ash 10 pounds, can also be 70% garden soil, 25% plant ash, 1.5% compound fertilizer, 0.5% urea, 1 % Phosphate fertilizer and 2% potassium chloride prepared nutrient soil, fully mix and fight snoring. The body diameter is 8-10 cm, the height is 10 cm, and 2500 pieces are required per mu.
2.2 Seed Soaking Seed Asparagus seeds have thick shells and lipids that absorb water slowly. First soak the seeds with 50% carbendazim 300-500 times for 24 hours, then soak in seeds in 25-30 degrees warm water for 2-3 days and replace the fresh water 2-3 times daily. Soaking with a clean gauze wrapped, placed under 25-30 degrees conditions germination, germination every day with about 25 degrees warm water pouring 1-2 times. Seeds can be sown when 15% of the seeds are white.
2.3 Suitable sowing
2.3.1 Spring broadcast
Sowing in March-April, planting in May-June, and harvesting bamboo shoots in the spring of the second year. The transplanting of wheat can be planted in the middle and early March, and the transplanting of wheat can be planted in the middle and early April. Before sowing, the nutrition pot was poured with water, one for each pot, and fine soil was 2 cm thick after sowing. Then bait baits against underground pests. Finally, the mulch is covered with a plastic mulch, and a double-membrane mulch is applied on the urn with a shed cover film to keep warm, moisturize and promote the growth of germination and seedlings.
2.3.2 Autumn broadcast
Sowing in August-September, planting in October-November, and harvesting bamboo shoots in the spring of the third year.
2.4 Seedbed management Seedbed management should be centered on regulating temperature and humidity, cultivating strong seedlings, and controlling pests. Bed temperature before emergence 20-30 degrees during the day, not less than 12 degrees at night. When the first 70% of the seedlings were unearthed, the mulching film was removed and the seedlings were gradually ventilated. When the seedling height is about 10 cm, a thin organic liquid fertilizer or urea is poured to timely remove the weeds, and use carbendazim to suppress Cicada, phoxim and other control brown spot, Spodoptera litura and underground pests. When the seedlings are about 20 cm high, they can be ventilated without removing the film to allow the seedlings to adapt to the external environment. This period keeps the seedbed moist. Jianmiao standard: 70 days seedling age, seedling height 25-30 cm, there are more than 3 stems on the ground, about 15 underground storage roots, root length 20-25 cm.
3 Soil selection and site preparation The root system of asparagus plantation belongs to the fibrous root system. The root group develops particularly vigorously, and a large number of fleshy roots occur on the underground stem. A warm and well-ventilated environment is preferred. High temperature, high humidity, and stagnant water cause rot. Therefore, asparagus is suitable for sandy loam with loose and fertile soil, good air permeability, deep soil layer, rich organic matter content, and convenient drainage and irrigation. PH value of 6 ~ 6.7 is appropriate, the former should not grow carrots, beets. Soils with excessive pH or heavy weight are not suitable for the growth of asparagus.
Asparagus is a perennial crop. Once planted, the land can no longer be fully ploughed. Therefore, before planting, combined deep plowing (30-40 cm, and fully tan) land preparation, Mushi organic fertilizer 3-4, compound fertilizer 80-100 kg. After ploughing and ploughing, do a good job of field irrigation and drainage projects, and excavation and planting trenches in the north and south lines. The spacing is 1.2-1.5 meters, the width is 40-50 centimeters, and the depth is 30-40 centimeters. Before transplanting Muji 100 kg compound fertilizer, cake 80 kg, organic fertilizer 2-3. Apply evenly into the ditch and mix well with the backfill soil. It is advisable to plant a ditch 10 cm above the ground when transplanting. One plant per 30 cm, 1500-1800 per mu. Doing grades from seedlings, planting, watering, earth covering and other operations are completed once, and they are planted on the day of seedlings. One strong seedling planted per hole, weak seedlings planted two plants per hole, strong seedlings were planted separately. When planting, it should be orientated and planted (that is, the end of the underground stem with scale buds should be in the same direction along the ditch, lined up in a straight line so that the earth can be harvested afterwards). Hold the seedling in one hand, cover a small amount of soil and compact it, and then cover it. Fine soil 4 to 5 cm, irrigated with water, water infiltration after the re-covered soil 1 to 2 cm, to prevent compaction and evaporation of water, transplanting 3 to 4 days after the timely inspection of seedlings planted, to prevent the lack of seedlings. After the seedlings have survived the emergence of new stems, they will gradually fill in the planting trenches in stages.
4 Field Management
4.1 Planting Asparagus cultivation should be followed by cultivation of strong strains, and autumnal cultivation as the core of the field management work in order to achieve the purpose of early rapid growth. After planting due to plant dwarfism, we should timely cultivating and weeding. If the weather is dry and early, it should be watered in a timely manner. The flood season should be promptly drained to prevent the accumulation of dead roots. One month after general planting, according to the condition of the seedlings combined with water, make up 20-30 kg of urea to promote balanced growth. After entering August, asparagus entered the vigorous growth stage in autumn. Should re-apply autumn fat, vigorously promote the rapid growth of asparagus in the 8th, 9th, 10th months, lay the foundation for high yield early next year. General Mushi organic fertilizer 2-3 side, compound fertilizer 100 jins, urea 20 jins. Plant a ditch at 40 cm from the plant. At the same time pay attention to pest control. After winter, the aboveground part of the asparagus began to wither, and the nutrient inside the plant moved to the underground roots, which favored the strong production of spring roots. In late February and early spring, the plants on the ground should be thoroughly cleaned to reduce the source of pathogenic bacteria.
4.2 Planting bamboo shoots in the second year and later of the second year of harvesting in the second year of the year should be focused on the scientific management of three fertilizers, stems, and timely picking of the heart to comprehensively prevent and treat pests and diseases;
4.2.1 The three-fertilizer three-fertilizer for scientific management is precipitative fertilizer, strong bamboo shoot fertilizer and autumn fat. The basic approach is: in March combined with ridge cultivating, soil cultivation (separated) to give good precipitative fertilizer, Mushi mixed fertilizer 2-3 square, asparagus special fertilizer 100 jin. It is beneficial to the needs of inorganic nutrients for scale buds and tender stems. Generally, summer shoot production accounts for 2/3 of the total annual output, so in the middle and mid-June, Shi Zhuang shoot fertilizer (reservoir fertilizer) is applied, and Mushi 20-30 kg of urea is used. This fertilizer can play a relay role and can prolong the shooting period. Increase the amount of bamboo shoots harvested in the middle and late period. After harvesting bamboo shoots in mid-August, combined with fine earth flat ridge, it is necessary to re-apply autumn-fat fertilizer, Mushi soil miscellaneous fertilizer 2-3 square, asparagus special fertilizer 200 jin, urea 20 jin, promote asparagus strong autumn hair, for the next year high-quality high-yield Accumulate nutrients and cultivate multiple and powerful scale buds. This kind of three-fertilizer matching and reasonable fertilization mode is the basis for the high yield and quality of asparagus.
Asparagus grows for a long period and is more tolerant to drought and intolerant to pickle stains. However, during the harvesting period, the soil is kept moist and the shoots grow quickly, with good quality and high yield. Drought should be timely irrigation of horse water during this period. During the flood season, remove the stains, prevent heat and rot and other diseases.
4.2.2 Integrated Control of Pests and Diseases Asparagus stem blight and brown spot disease are the major diseases that damage asparagus, and have a rapid onset and serious damage. There is no specific drug control. Practice has proved that adopting a comprehensive pest control strategy based on agronomic practices and supplemented with enhanced chemical control can achieve a multiplier effect. The specific approach is:
4.2.2.1 Timely picking up of the heart Asparagus plants can be grown up to more than 1.5 meters, allowing them to grow, severely affecting the ventilation and light transmission, and being easy to fall down. The humidity in the field is very serious. When the plants reach 100 centimeters or so, they should pick their hearts in a timely manner, which is conducive to concentrated nutrition and promotes the growth of underground rhizomes. Conditions can pull wire to ensure that the plants do not fall down.
4.2.2.2 Clean up the pastoral garden to reduce the source of the dip, is one of the effective methods to prevent stem blight. In February, all field stems were cleaned, the sick leaves were cleaned and burned. After harvesting bamboo shoots in mid-August, combined with back flat ridges, it is necessary to thoroughly clean the residual piles and the parent stems on the ground. The squamous buds should be sprayed and sterilized. In the autumn period, regular removal of sick and sick leaves and leaves can greatly reduce the occurrence of diseases.
4.2.2.3 The shoots from the saplings of the mother stalk are used to extend the new asparagus field in the second year after the planting at the harvesting stage. Only the green asparagus should be harvested. The young stems, which usually grow in mid-April, are kept in the field as a parent stem to support roots. The tender stems will be harvested later. The length of the harvesting period is determined by whether it is good or bad in the previous year, generally 30-50 days can be harvested. Entering the asparagus field during the rich period, all tender stems born before mid-May can be harvested. In the middle and early May of the same month, the 2-3 root plants per hole can be seen after harvesting. The harvest can be harvested until mid-August. Collecting white asparagus fields generally starts at the middle of May and leaves the mother's stems, leaving 1-2 roots per plant, which can be continuously harvested until mid-August. This kind of bamboo stem harvesting not only increased the income of bamboo shooters, but also avoided the peak incidence of high temperature and humidity in July, reducing the number of medications and reducing costs.
4.2.2.4 Appropriate application of organic fertilizer, phosphorus and potash fertilizer, and appropriate control of nitrogen fertilizer application. It can increase soil organic matter, loosen the soil, promote the robust growth of asparagus stems and leaves, and increase disease resistance.
4.2.2.5 seize the favorable opportunity, reasonable chemical prevention and prevention to take prevention-based, comprehensive prevention and control methods. When the stems were excavated within 5-7 days after the stems were excavated, the stems were treated with Bordeaux's solution, carbendazim, and other agents when the plants were about 20 cm high. After harvesting bamboo shoots, combined with cleaning of the residual piles, it is necessary to spray and protect the root plate along the ridge to eliminate the bacteria in the root plate and the topsoil layer. During the shooting period, the mother stem and the fall period were removed. On the basis of promptly cleaning up the sick leaves and leaves, the spraying and control were performed according to the weather and conditions, and the medication was used alternately to improve the quality of spraying. Carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, mancozeb, tetromycin, asparagus, etc. can be used. Insect pests mainly include Spodoptera litura, Spodoptera exigua, Helicoverpa armigera, and ground tigers. Noctuids can be used diflubenzuron, agriculture and forestry, etc. 1000 times, control of aphids and other oxidizable dimethoate 1000 times control, underground pests can be used carbofuran, soil treatment and trichlorfon bait control.
5 Scientific harvesting
5.1 Harvest Green Asparagus Green asparagus is harvested daily at 9-11 am. According to the quality requirements of the product, young stems extending 20-24 cm above the ground will be cut off at 2 cm below the ground and sold in a concentrated manner. Harvesting method, using a special stainless steel knife, neatly cut the tender stems, put it in the basket with a wet towel, put in a cool place, to prevent running water aging.
5.2 White asparagus harvested White bamboo shoots are harvested. Usually, the combination of ploughing and fertilization before March 25th will help the ridge-raising work. The soil is required to be finely crushed and a high ridge with a bottom width of 60 cm, a height of 25-30 cm and a top width of 40 cm is created. And to achieve a loose inner soil ridge tight, smooth surface. During the harvest period, the ridge roof was inspected twice every morning before 8am and after 4pm. It was found that the soil surface was cracked and the topsoil was removed. The bamboo shoot was used to harvest the top of the underground stems. 75 degrees to avoid damaging underground stems. After the harvest, the ridge soil will be restored and the white bamboo shoots shall be shaded and stored in a timely manner.
5.3 Determine the stoppage period With the harvesting of the tender stems, the storage nutrients are continuously consumed. When the tender stems become finer, the hardness becomes larger, the deformed bamboo shoots increase, and the yield decreases, the harvesting should be stopped immediately. Asparagus must have a growth period of about 100 days after it is stopped to obtain high yields in the next year. Asparagus in the north of the suitable harvest period is 70-80 days.
Asparagus has fine and delicate texture, aromatic flavor, top-notch compactness, and less brittle fiber. It contains protein, fat, calcium, iron and a variety of vitamins. It is a valuable vegetable, delicious and nutritious, and has high medicinal value. Blood pressure lowering and prevention of cardiovascular, urinary, and lymphatic system diseases have a unique anti-cancer effect. It is a well-known medicine in the world and has been hailed as the king of vegetables in Europe and the United States. Its products sell well at home and abroad. The prospect of planting asparagus has good prospects and high efficiency.
Asparagus is most suitable for warm winters and cool winters. The tender stems usually sprouted in spring are product organs, and their growth depends on the supply of stored nutrients in the previous year in roots. The growth of young shoots and yield formation were positively related to the number of stems in the previous year and the luxuriance of branches and leaves. The length of tender stems is closely related to varieties, environmental conditions, and cultivation techniques. The cultivation and management should be centered around the current year's output, stable and sustained high yield, and prolonged economic life. More organic fertilizers, such as compost and manure, are needed to promote loose and fertile soil for the development of root systems. The main cultivation techniques are as follows:
1 Asparagus is a perennial herb plant with good adaptability and variety. According to market demand, select suitable varieties, such as Apollo, purple passion (purple varieties), tara honey, Jersey giant, Endeavour, UC800 and other fine varieties. The shoots are stout and tidy, the top is not easy to disperse, the commodity rate is high, and the economic benefits are good. It is worth mentioning that female plants of asparagus are rich in nutrient consumption due to flowering, and their yield of young shoots is lower than that of male plants, but bamboo shoots produced by female plants are thick and heavy. Excellent asparagus cross-breeding generation seedlings planting in the year, the second year can shoot 150-200 kg/mu, the third year and the fourth year fresh bamboo shoots output can reach 600-1000 kg/mu, the mu efficiency can reach 5000-8000 yuan.
2 Nutrition, Cultivation, and Seedlings The use of nutritional seedlings to grow young seedlings is conducive to raising the seedling rate, cultivating strong seedlings, and planting wounds during transplanting, which is conducive to the early emergence of strong seedlings and the purpose of timely planting and early high-yield production.
2.1 Prepare enough nutrients and nutrients to be prepared one month ahead of schedule. Firstly, loose loam soil with high fertility level should be selected as the seedbed. The seedbed should be 1.3-1.5 meters wide and 10-15 cm deep. Each cubic soil nutrient soil before the system shall be applied into a decomposed chicken manure 30-40 pounds, phosphorus 2 pounds, plant ash 10 pounds, can also be 70% garden soil, 25% plant ash, 1.5% compound fertilizer, 0.5% urea, 1 % Phosphate fertilizer and 2% potassium chloride prepared nutrient soil, fully mix and fight snoring. The body diameter is 8-10 cm, the height is 10 cm, and 2500 pieces are required per mu.
2.2 Seed Soaking Seed Asparagus seeds have thick shells and lipids that absorb water slowly. First soak the seeds with 50% carbendazim 300-500 times for 24 hours, then soak in seeds in 25-30 degrees warm water for 2-3 days and replace the fresh water 2-3 times daily. Soaking with a clean gauze wrapped, placed under 25-30 degrees conditions germination, germination every day with about 25 degrees warm water pouring 1-2 times. Seeds can be sown when 15% of the seeds are white.
2.3 Suitable sowing
2.3.1 Spring broadcast
Sowing in March-April, planting in May-June, and harvesting bamboo shoots in the spring of the second year. The transplanting of wheat can be planted in the middle and early March, and the transplanting of wheat can be planted in the middle and early April. Before sowing, the nutrition pot was poured with water, one for each pot, and fine soil was 2 cm thick after sowing. Then bait baits against underground pests. Finally, the mulch is covered with a plastic mulch, and a double-membrane mulch is applied on the urn with a shed cover film to keep warm, moisturize and promote the growth of germination and seedlings.
2.3.2 Autumn broadcast
Sowing in August-September, planting in October-November, and harvesting bamboo shoots in the spring of the third year.
2.4 Seedbed management Seedbed management should be centered on regulating temperature and humidity, cultivating strong seedlings, and controlling pests. Bed temperature before emergence 20-30 degrees during the day, not less than 12 degrees at night. When the first 70% of the seedlings were unearthed, the mulching film was removed and the seedlings were gradually ventilated. When the seedling height is about 10 cm, a thin organic liquid fertilizer or urea is poured to timely remove the weeds, and use carbendazim to suppress Cicada, phoxim and other control brown spot, Spodoptera litura and underground pests. When the seedlings are about 20 cm high, they can be ventilated without removing the film to allow the seedlings to adapt to the external environment. This period keeps the seedbed moist. Jianmiao standard: 70 days seedling age, seedling height 25-30 cm, there are more than 3 stems on the ground, about 15 underground storage roots, root length 20-25 cm.
3 Soil selection and site preparation The root system of asparagus plantation belongs to the fibrous root system. The root group develops particularly vigorously, and a large number of fleshy roots occur on the underground stem. A warm and well-ventilated environment is preferred. High temperature, high humidity, and stagnant water cause rot. Therefore, asparagus is suitable for sandy loam with loose and fertile soil, good air permeability, deep soil layer, rich organic matter content, and convenient drainage and irrigation. PH value of 6 ~ 6.7 is appropriate, the former should not grow carrots, beets. Soils with excessive pH or heavy weight are not suitable for the growth of asparagus.
Asparagus is a perennial crop. Once planted, the land can no longer be fully ploughed. Therefore, before planting, combined deep plowing (30-40 cm, and fully tan) land preparation, Mushi organic fertilizer 3-4, compound fertilizer 80-100 kg. After ploughing and ploughing, do a good job of field irrigation and drainage projects, and excavation and planting trenches in the north and south lines. The spacing is 1.2-1.5 meters, the width is 40-50 centimeters, and the depth is 30-40 centimeters. Before transplanting Muji 100 kg compound fertilizer, cake 80 kg, organic fertilizer 2-3. Apply evenly into the ditch and mix well with the backfill soil. It is advisable to plant a ditch 10 cm above the ground when transplanting. One plant per 30 cm, 1500-1800 per mu. Doing grades from seedlings, planting, watering, earth covering and other operations are completed once, and they are planted on the day of seedlings. One strong seedling planted per hole, weak seedlings planted two plants per hole, strong seedlings were planted separately. When planting, it should be orientated and planted (that is, the end of the underground stem with scale buds should be in the same direction along the ditch, lined up in a straight line so that the earth can be harvested afterwards). Hold the seedling in one hand, cover a small amount of soil and compact it, and then cover it. Fine soil 4 to 5 cm, irrigated with water, water infiltration after the re-covered soil 1 to 2 cm, to prevent compaction and evaporation of water, transplanting 3 to 4 days after the timely inspection of seedlings planted, to prevent the lack of seedlings. After the seedlings have survived the emergence of new stems, they will gradually fill in the planting trenches in stages.
4 Field Management
4.1 Planting Asparagus cultivation should be followed by cultivation of strong strains, and autumnal cultivation as the core of the field management work in order to achieve the purpose of early rapid growth. After planting due to plant dwarfism, we should timely cultivating and weeding. If the weather is dry and early, it should be watered in a timely manner. The flood season should be promptly drained to prevent the accumulation of dead roots. One month after general planting, according to the condition of the seedlings combined with water, make up 20-30 kg of urea to promote balanced growth. After entering August, asparagus entered the vigorous growth stage in autumn. Should re-apply autumn fat, vigorously promote the rapid growth of asparagus in the 8th, 9th, 10th months, lay the foundation for high yield early next year. General Mushi organic fertilizer 2-3 side, compound fertilizer 100 jins, urea 20 jins. Plant a ditch at 40 cm from the plant. At the same time pay attention to pest control. After winter, the aboveground part of the asparagus began to wither, and the nutrient inside the plant moved to the underground roots, which favored the strong production of spring roots. In late February and early spring, the plants on the ground should be thoroughly cleaned to reduce the source of pathogenic bacteria.
4.2 Planting bamboo shoots in the second year and later of the second year of harvesting in the second year of the year should be focused on the scientific management of three fertilizers, stems, and timely picking of the heart to comprehensively prevent and treat pests and diseases;
4.2.1 The three-fertilizer three-fertilizer for scientific management is precipitative fertilizer, strong bamboo shoot fertilizer and autumn fat. The basic approach is: in March combined with ridge cultivating, soil cultivation (separated) to give good precipitative fertilizer, Mushi mixed fertilizer 2-3 square, asparagus special fertilizer 100 jin. It is beneficial to the needs of inorganic nutrients for scale buds and tender stems. Generally, summer shoot production accounts for 2/3 of the total annual output, so in the middle and mid-June, Shi Zhuang shoot fertilizer (reservoir fertilizer) is applied, and Mushi 20-30 kg of urea is used. This fertilizer can play a relay role and can prolong the shooting period. Increase the amount of bamboo shoots harvested in the middle and late period. After harvesting bamboo shoots in mid-August, combined with fine earth flat ridge, it is necessary to re-apply autumn-fat fertilizer, Mushi soil miscellaneous fertilizer 2-3 square, asparagus special fertilizer 200 jin, urea 20 jin, promote asparagus strong autumn hair, for the next year high-quality high-yield Accumulate nutrients and cultivate multiple and powerful scale buds. This kind of three-fertilizer matching and reasonable fertilization mode is the basis for the high yield and quality of asparagus.
Asparagus grows for a long period and is more tolerant to drought and intolerant to pickle stains. However, during the harvesting period, the soil is kept moist and the shoots grow quickly, with good quality and high yield. Drought should be timely irrigation of horse water during this period. During the flood season, remove the stains, prevent heat and rot and other diseases.
4.2.2 Integrated Control of Pests and Diseases Asparagus stem blight and brown spot disease are the major diseases that damage asparagus, and have a rapid onset and serious damage. There is no specific drug control. Practice has proved that adopting a comprehensive pest control strategy based on agronomic practices and supplemented with enhanced chemical control can achieve a multiplier effect. The specific approach is:
4.2.2.1 Timely picking up of the heart Asparagus plants can be grown up to more than 1.5 meters, allowing them to grow, severely affecting the ventilation and light transmission, and being easy to fall down. The humidity in the field is very serious. When the plants reach 100 centimeters or so, they should pick their hearts in a timely manner, which is conducive to concentrated nutrition and promotes the growth of underground rhizomes. Conditions can pull wire to ensure that the plants do not fall down.
4.2.2.2 Clean up the pastoral garden to reduce the source of the dip, is one of the effective methods to prevent stem blight. In February, all field stems were cleaned, the sick leaves were cleaned and burned. After harvesting bamboo shoots in mid-August, combined with back flat ridges, it is necessary to thoroughly clean the residual piles and the parent stems on the ground. The squamous buds should be sprayed and sterilized. In the autumn period, regular removal of sick and sick leaves and leaves can greatly reduce the occurrence of diseases.
4.2.2.3 The shoots from the saplings of the mother stalk are used to extend the new asparagus field in the second year after the planting at the harvesting stage. Only the green asparagus should be harvested. The young stems, which usually grow in mid-April, are kept in the field as a parent stem to support roots. The tender stems will be harvested later. The length of the harvesting period is determined by whether it is good or bad in the previous year, generally 30-50 days can be harvested. Entering the asparagus field during the rich period, all tender stems born before mid-May can be harvested. In the middle and early May of the same month, the 2-3 root plants per hole can be seen after harvesting. The harvest can be harvested until mid-August. Collecting white asparagus fields generally starts at the middle of May and leaves the mother's stems, leaving 1-2 roots per plant, which can be continuously harvested until mid-August. This kind of bamboo stem harvesting not only increased the income of bamboo shooters, but also avoided the peak incidence of high temperature and humidity in July, reducing the number of medications and reducing costs.
4.2.2.4 Appropriate application of organic fertilizer, phosphorus and potash fertilizer, and appropriate control of nitrogen fertilizer application. It can increase soil organic matter, loosen the soil, promote the robust growth of asparagus stems and leaves, and increase disease resistance.
4.2.2.5 seize the favorable opportunity, reasonable chemical prevention and prevention to take prevention-based, comprehensive prevention and control methods. When the stems were excavated within 5-7 days after the stems were excavated, the stems were treated with Bordeaux's solution, carbendazim, and other agents when the plants were about 20 cm high. After harvesting bamboo shoots, combined with cleaning of the residual piles, it is necessary to spray and protect the root plate along the ridge to eliminate the bacteria in the root plate and the topsoil layer. During the shooting period, the mother stem and the fall period were removed. On the basis of promptly cleaning up the sick leaves and leaves, the spraying and control were performed according to the weather and conditions, and the medication was used alternately to improve the quality of spraying. Carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, mancozeb, tetromycin, asparagus, etc. can be used. Insect pests mainly include Spodoptera litura, Spodoptera exigua, Helicoverpa armigera, and ground tigers. Noctuids can be used diflubenzuron, agriculture and forestry, etc. 1000 times, control of aphids and other oxidizable dimethoate 1000 times control, underground pests can be used carbofuran, soil treatment and trichlorfon bait control.
5 Scientific harvesting
5.1 Harvest Green Asparagus Green asparagus is harvested daily at 9-11 am. According to the quality requirements of the product, young stems extending 20-24 cm above the ground will be cut off at 2 cm below the ground and sold in a concentrated manner. Harvesting method, using a special stainless steel knife, neatly cut the tender stems, put it in the basket with a wet towel, put in a cool place, to prevent running water aging.
5.2 White asparagus harvested White bamboo shoots are harvested. Usually, the combination of ploughing and fertilization before March 25th will help the ridge-raising work. The soil is required to be finely crushed and a high ridge with a bottom width of 60 cm, a height of 25-30 cm and a top width of 40 cm is created. And to achieve a loose inner soil ridge tight, smooth surface. During the harvest period, the ridge roof was inspected twice every morning before 8am and after 4pm. It was found that the soil surface was cracked and the topsoil was removed. The bamboo shoot was used to harvest the top of the underground stems. 75 degrees to avoid damaging underground stems. After the harvest, the ridge soil will be restored and the white bamboo shoots shall be shaded and stored in a timely manner.
5.3 Determine the stoppage period With the harvesting of the tender stems, the storage nutrients are continuously consumed. When the tender stems become finer, the hardness becomes larger, the deformed bamboo shoots increase, and the yield decreases, the harvesting should be stopped immediately. Asparagus must have a growth period of about 100 days after it is stopped to obtain high yields in the next year. Asparagus in the north of the suitable harvest period is 70-80 days.