First, the scope
This standardized production technology stipulates the selection of the potato production process and the technical requirements for the selection, selection, cultivation, fertilization, sowing, field management and harvesting of seed crops.
In the past, the cultivation of oyster mushrooms was mainly based on raw materials or clinker cultivation. Raw material cultivation was not suitable for all seasons, and the period would not cause high pollution rate; clinker cultivation was suitable for all seasons, but the fuel cost was high. Pleurotus ostreatus fermentation material plus short-term sterilization technology, can solve the above two shortcomings, save 70% sterilization time, save 75% fuel, finished product rate of 98%.
â– Cultivation season
It can be produced in the spring from April to June and from early August to November.
â– Variety selection
The cultivation of fermented material should be based on the selection of black, grey, or white, which is strong and grows quickly.
â– raw materials and ratio
40% to 50% cottonseed skin, 30% to 40% corn cob, 15% to 20% wheat bran, 3% to 4% lime, 0.3% to 0.4% urea, 1% to 1.5% coarse salt, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5%. About 65% moisture content.
Cottonseed skin 75% to 80%, wheat bran 15% to 20%, lime 3% to 4%, coarse salt 1% to 1.5%, urea 0.3% to 0.4%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5%. About 65% moisture content.
80% of cottonseed or hardwood hardwood chips, crushed mixed wood twigs, 15% to 20% of bran, 0.3% to 0.4% of urea, 2% to 3% of lime, 1% of gypsum powder, 1% of coarse salt 1.5%, add about 65% of the amount of water.
Fermentation technology
The corncobs should be soaked in water for 1 to 2 days in advance. Select the appropriate size plots and plow the soil to compaction. Spread the cottonseed skin to a layer of 10cm, then spread the corncob to about 10cm, and cross it over to the heap. 80cm to 100cm in height; layered with bran, lime, gypsum, and coarse salt when laying the main ingredient, and adding water to the edge for fermentation. On the heap, drill an air hole with a diameter of 8cm every 40cm, such as the weather. Cool, the first 1 to 3 days, can be covered with plastic film to increase temperature, promote fermentation, when the heap temperature reaches 50 °C to 60 °C, remove the film of natural fermentation, after 4 to 5 days when the temperature reaches 70 °C to 80 °C Turn over the stack once and over 2 to 3 days, then turn it over once and turn it over 2 or 3 times. After 7 to 10 days, it can be bagged. Later, it can be bagged while fermenting.
â– Bagging, sterilization
Use a 22 cm 45 cm tube bag and use manual or mechanical bagging methods to ensure proper material loading. Spread bricks on the ground, 3 meters wide and 3.5 to 4 meters long, put two steel pipes for steam through the gaps of the brick along the length direction, connect with the steam pipes of the boiler, and place the bacteria sticks on the bricks. General code width 7 rows, high 7 to 8 layers, length can be coded about 25 bacteria sticks, control in each pile of about 1500 to 2000 sticks, sticks and rods to leave a certain gap, first stacked for 1 to 2 days, outside use Plastic wrap, boiler, steam, so that the temperature of the culture material within the heap to 80 °C to 90 °C when you can keep 3 to 4 hours. At this time, the heating mainly plays a role in killing the bacteria and aphids in the surface layer of the stockpile and the eggs of mosquitoes and flies, and the time should not be too long.
â– Inoculation
After inoculation, the inoculated material shall be naturally inoculated at room temperature and then inoculated. In the clean shed, the surface of the inoculum bag, the inoculation tool, and the hand should be disinfected with alcohol or other disinfectants, and then inoculated at both ends. When the inoculation is completed, the end of the bag is first clarified. Open, quickly put the appropriate amount of bacteria, put the mouth tied, and then the other end according to the same method of inoculation, Zhakou, put together with bacteria.
â– Fungus management
Pleurotus ostreatus is placed in a wall-type code, and according to the temperature at that time, the stacking method and height are also determined according to the prevailing temperature. When the temperature is high, the fungus bar should be placed in a single row, with the ventilation in the middle, between the wall and the wall. Leave a distance of more than 20 cm to avoid overheating of the bacteria bags. The wall stack height is from 8 to 10 layers. When the temperature is low, the distance between the two walls can be reduced. When the wall and wall are tied together, the height of the wall can be increased. To 12th to 13th floors, between the layers is separated by two bamboo rafts, and bamboo rafts are used to fix them in the middle of the wall to prevent the mushroom wall from collapsing. Place the bacteria bag in a suitable place to shave bacteria, pay attention to ventilation and temperature reduction, germination temperature is the best 20 °C to 25 °C, the temperature difference should not exceed 6 °C; timely turn, keep the temperature of the rod 24 °C to 27 °C , The material temperature can not exceed 30 °C; When the temperature is low, pay attention to insulation, but to ventilate the air, when the night temperature is lower than 15 °C, promptly close the air inlet insulation, maintain air humidity about 70%.
â– Mushroom management
After the mycelium reaches a physiological maturity, the aerial hyphae fall down, the color becomes darker, yellow beads of water appear on the surface of the bacteria stick, or the surface of the mycelia or primordium appears on the surface. At this time, the ground in the shed is leveled, and the fungus bars are lined with a wall-coded code every 1 meter, and a wall of about 80 centimeters is left between the wall and the wall. The height of the wall is 6 to 8 layers in summer. Leave some space between them for ventilation and cooling. After a good wall of bacteria, the temperature in the shed is controlled at about 10°C to 15°C, and the temperature of the material is about 20°C, so as to ensure balanced mushrooming. The mushroom is thick and of good quality and is not susceptible to disease.
When the mycelium is full and mature, use 1~2 mouths with a paper knife at both ends of the bag to control the early mushrooming momentum not to be too fierce, to give a temperature difference to the opening edge, and to show the mushroom bud after 3 to 5 days. At this time, do not directly water the mushroom buds to avoid killing them. After opening two tidal mushrooms, one end of the bag was cut off and the mushroom was continued.
During the fruiting period, spray water 2 to 3 times a day in the shed. The water spray should be small, light, and diligent, and the humidity in the shed should be maintained between 85% and 90%. During the middle and late stages of growth, adding a small amount of bleaching powder or potassium permanganate to water during watering can effectively prevent Pleurotus ostreatus macular disease.
Pleurotus ostreatus is a species of edible mushroom that is sensitive to carbon dioxide and generally controls the concentration of carbon dioxide not to exceed 500 ppm. Pleurotus ostreatus requires a certain amount of scattered light during the fruiting period. At this time, the straw or the insulation is exposed a small amount, so that there is a small amount of scattered light in the shed. When the fruit body grows to maturity, it can be picked when the edge of the cap is still growing downwards. Do not spray water before harvesting to reduce the moisture content of the mushroom.
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