First, to strengthen orchard coverage covering orchards can maintain soil moisture and save water. There are two commonly used orchard cover methods: First, film coverage. This method can maintain soil moisture, reduce water evaporation, increase ground temperature, promote early fruit ripening, and control orchard weeds. The Xingtai region is generally carried out in March or April when the spring is arid and windy. When it is covered, it can be carried along trees or covered only under the tree plate. The second is weed coverage. This method can preserve soil moisture, increase soil water retention, increase soil aeration, improve soil structure, and promote root growth of fruit trees. Our district is generally conducted in June when temperatures are high, dry hot winds are severe, and rain is scarce. Cover the weeds along the tree line or cover only 20 cm thick under the tree plate. Cover the soil with sporadic pieces. In late autumn, cover the grass and plunge into the soil. Recover the grass the next year.
Second, reasonable plastic pruning and reasonable pruning can reduce leaf transpiration, increase photosynthetic efficiency, promote root growth, and thus play a regulatory role in the two aspects of income and reduce expenditure. There are two commonly used methods: First, strict plastic surgery. Thin-crown sparse-layered, spindle-shaped, etc. trees may be used which are thin and dense, outer and inner dense, and large and thin branches. These trees reduce evapotranspiration and reduce wind speed and evapotranspiration. The second is reasonable pruning. Winter cuts are slightly heavier, reducing the canopy and reducing water evaporation. In the summer, measures such as topping and thinning reduce leaf transpiration. At the same time pay attention to thinning, thinning fruit, reduce nutrients, water consumption, and promote root development.
Third, timely water-saving irrigation in order to ensure the normal growth of fruit trees required water, fruit trees should be water-saving irrigation. The first is to irrigate the fruit trees in the bud, the flowering stage, the growth stage, and the soil after the autumn freeze. In spring, the budding and flowering period requires less water, and the amount of irrigation water may be less. It is appropriate to infiltrate the soil layer with 60-70 cm. During the growth period, it is advisable to prevent the chemical fertilizer from leaking into the deeper soil and to infiltrate the soil layer with 60-80 cm. Drought in winter and spring, strong wind easily draw fruit trees, to infiltrate the soil layer of 100 cm is appropriate. The second is the irrigation after long drought. Irrigation should be carried out in small quantities multiple times, from small to large, in order to prevent mechanical damage to fruit trees.
IV. Application of Water Saving Irrigation Techniques Although drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation have good water-saving effects, they have large investments and are difficult to construct in hilly areas. Therefore, it is difficult to apply them to hilly areas in the short term. In the hilly areas, the following measures should be taken mainly.
1. The hole storage fertilizer and water coating technology. This technology has the advantages of less investment, labor saving, simplicity, and high efficiency. Technology can be adapted to local conditions and flexible. The main points are: after the spring soil thawing in the northern orchards, 4 to 8 round soil caves are drilled under the canopy, with a diameter of about 30 cm and a depth of 30 to 40 cm. A straw bale that is tightly immersed in water (or fertilizer and water) is placed in the center of the hole. Then use 50 grams of urea, 50 to 100 grams of superphosphate, and 50 to 100 grams of potassium chloride (or a fairly fertilizer-efficient compound fertilizer), mix well with the soil, fill in the grass around, cover with soil 2 centimeters, and use down-to-earth, then Covering the film, a hole in the top is used as an entrance for future fertilization. Usually, the hole is covered with soil and stones.
2. Channel seepage prevention technology. The use of concrete face protection, mortar masonry lining, plastic film and other methods for anti-seepage treatment, compared with the earth canal, seepage control can reduce the leakage loss of 60% to 90%, and speed up the water transfer rate.
3. Interleaving alternate irrigation. For the fruit trees, alternate irrigation may be used, that is, the first interlace irrigation is performed, and the second irrigation is successively shifted on the basis of the first time, and the third time is the same as the first irrigation line. This will cause the root system to always be in a water-stressed state and the other part to grow in a humid area. There will be no shortage of water during the growth period of fruit trees. In the practice of fruit trees production, different measures should be flexibly applied according to specific conditions to reduce the investment in production costs and maximize the economic benefits. Xingtai County Vocational Education Center Li Shufen
Second, reasonable plastic pruning and reasonable pruning can reduce leaf transpiration, increase photosynthetic efficiency, promote root growth, and thus play a regulatory role in the two aspects of income and reduce expenditure. There are two commonly used methods: First, strict plastic surgery. Thin-crown sparse-layered, spindle-shaped, etc. trees may be used which are thin and dense, outer and inner dense, and large and thin branches. These trees reduce evapotranspiration and reduce wind speed and evapotranspiration. The second is reasonable pruning. Winter cuts are slightly heavier, reducing the canopy and reducing water evaporation. In the summer, measures such as topping and thinning reduce leaf transpiration. At the same time pay attention to thinning, thinning fruit, reduce nutrients, water consumption, and promote root development.
Third, timely water-saving irrigation in order to ensure the normal growth of fruit trees required water, fruit trees should be water-saving irrigation. The first is to irrigate the fruit trees in the bud, the flowering stage, the growth stage, and the soil after the autumn freeze. In spring, the budding and flowering period requires less water, and the amount of irrigation water may be less. It is appropriate to infiltrate the soil layer with 60-70 cm. During the growth period, it is advisable to prevent the chemical fertilizer from leaking into the deeper soil and to infiltrate the soil layer with 60-80 cm. Drought in winter and spring, strong wind easily draw fruit trees, to infiltrate the soil layer of 100 cm is appropriate. The second is the irrigation after long drought. Irrigation should be carried out in small quantities multiple times, from small to large, in order to prevent mechanical damage to fruit trees.
IV. Application of Water Saving Irrigation Techniques Although drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation have good water-saving effects, they have large investments and are difficult to construct in hilly areas. Therefore, it is difficult to apply them to hilly areas in the short term. In the hilly areas, the following measures should be taken mainly.
1. The hole storage fertilizer and water coating technology. This technology has the advantages of less investment, labor saving, simplicity, and high efficiency. Technology can be adapted to local conditions and flexible. The main points are: after the spring soil thawing in the northern orchards, 4 to 8 round soil caves are drilled under the canopy, with a diameter of about 30 cm and a depth of 30 to 40 cm. A straw bale that is tightly immersed in water (or fertilizer and water) is placed in the center of the hole. Then use 50 grams of urea, 50 to 100 grams of superphosphate, and 50 to 100 grams of potassium chloride (or a fairly fertilizer-efficient compound fertilizer), mix well with the soil, fill in the grass around, cover with soil 2 centimeters, and use down-to-earth, then Covering the film, a hole in the top is used as an entrance for future fertilization. Usually, the hole is covered with soil and stones.
2. Channel seepage prevention technology. The use of concrete face protection, mortar masonry lining, plastic film and other methods for anti-seepage treatment, compared with the earth canal, seepage control can reduce the leakage loss of 60% to 90%, and speed up the water transfer rate.
3. Interleaving alternate irrigation. For the fruit trees, alternate irrigation may be used, that is, the first interlace irrigation is performed, and the second irrigation is successively shifted on the basis of the first time, and the third time is the same as the first irrigation line. This will cause the root system to always be in a water-stressed state and the other part to grow in a humid area. There will be no shortage of water during the growth period of fruit trees. In the practice of fruit trees production, different measures should be flexibly applied according to specific conditions to reduce the investment in production costs and maximize the economic benefits. Xingtai County Vocational Education Center Li Shufen
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