Diseases: stem rot pests and diseases: sugar beet leucorrhea spotted cotton wax mulberry stalk rot
[symptom]
The victim plants had dark spots on the base of the stem near the soil surface, expanded in brown color, and rotted. Infestation of leaves with pathogenic bacteria caused dark green water spotted round spots; infected petioles showed brown decay. White filaments are visible on the lesions when wet, and serious diseased colonies fall.
[Incursion]
The germs do not produce spores and are spread by mycelium. Mycelium was colorless at the beginning and pale brown at the end. Septic is stronger. Living in the soil or sick tissue overwintering. The suitable temperature (20-24 degrees) is relatively high, which is conducive to the growth and reproduction of germs. When the ramets or ramets are cut, they cause wounds, or in rainy weather, watering is too much, and the soil is liable to be attacked by germs, causing severe disease and plant rot.
[Control methods]
(1) Select pond-mud and river mud, which are rich in organic-rich new soil or sun-dried, have a darker color, a firmer texture, and less mud-powder, and are used as cultivated soil. It is best not to use old pots. The basal fertilizer to be applied must be fully decomposed.
(2) Strengthen field management. When the air humidity is high, little or no water is used to keep the soil in the pot moist. With less nitrogenous fertilizer and more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, the diseased leaves and old leaves that contacted the soil in the lower part of the plant were promptly removed and destroyed.
Sugar Beet
[Scientific name] Hymenia re-curvalis Fabricius.
[alias] sugar beet leaves.
[Distribution and damage]
Distribution of East China, Southwest and Hebei and other places. The host has celosia, rose, camellia, azalea, sunflower, geranium and so on. The larvae are infected with silkworm leaves.
[Morphological characteristics]
The adult body is 12 mm in length and the wingspan is 20-26 mm. The head is white with dark spots on the forehead. The back of the abdomen is tan, with a white band; belly white. Wing tea brown, with a white striped pattern. The larva is 15 mm in length when it is old. The head is yellow-brown and brown with a few spots. The crest is yellowish-green and slightly transparent. Body color changes with foodstuffs. The back line is white. The pre-larvae larvae are reddish and have pale brown bristles. The feet are 10 mm long and brownish-brown.
[Life habits]
More than 1 year. You spend the winter in the earth. Adults can be seen from June to October. The situation is extremely irregular. Adults inhabit the back of the leaves during the day and have no photoactivity at night. After copulation, 1-5 eggs were laid along the leaf veins at the back of leaves. The newly hatched larvae spit along the main veins and eat the mesophyll. When they are slightly long, they spine the leaves and encroach on the leaves, leaving only the main veins. The larvae are old and mature in shallow soil.
[Control methods]
Lights entice adults and manually kill eggs and larvae on both sides of the main lobe. When severe larvae occur, they are sprayed with 1000-fold liquid of Trichoderma spp., and sprayed once every 10 days for 2-3 consecutive times.
Spotted wax
[Scientific name] Lycorma delicatula White.
[alias] 椿 è‰ è‰ wax.
[Distribution and damage]
Located in East China, North China, Southwest, Northwest China, Guangdong, Taiwan and other places. The host has cherry blossoms, plum blossoms, jellyfish, peach blossoms, sea bream and pomegranate. Adults, nymphs cluster on the back of leaves, and shoots on young shoots harmed, resulting in atrophy of young shoots, and also caused the occurrence of coal pollution in the affected plants, affecting plant growth and development.
[Morphological characteristics]
Adults are 14-20 mm in length, 40-50 mm in wingspan, and full-bodied grayish brown. Forebriate leathery, base 2/3 pale brown, with approximately 20 black spots on the fin surface and 1/3 dark brown on the end. The posterior wing membrane, bright red base, 7-8 black spots, black ends. Body and wings are white wax powder. The head corner rolled up and showed a short angle protrusion. Eggs are oblong, brown, about 3 mm long, arranged in blocks and brown wax powder. Nymphs resemble adults. White color appears at the beginning of hatching and turns black afterwards. There are many white spots.
The 1-3 instars are black spots, the body back is red at the 4th age, and there are black and white spots. [Lifestyle] 1 generation occurred in 1 year. Winterize on the trunk or nearby building with eggs. The nymph hatched in mid and late April of the following year. In early May is the incubating period. The nymph jumped and escaped when it was slightly disturbed. The nymphs have been molted 3 times. In mid-June, late-July to early July, it became an adult and was damaged until October. In mid-August, lay eggs. Eggs are produced on the south side of the trunk; or branches are bifurcated. Each piece has 40-50 eggs. Eggs are arranged neatly and covered with wax powder. Adults and nymphs are clustered. When it is inhabited, its head is curled up. Dozens of clustered shoots are arranged in a straight line. Flying strong, good jump.
[Control methods]
Combined with winter pruning, remove the egg mass. Adults and nymphs were selected to spray 40% omethoate 1000 times or 50% phoxim 2000 times.
Sang Tianniu
[Scientific name]Apriona germari Hopeo
[alias] Mulberry Longhorn
[Distribution and damage]
Sang Tianniu is distributed in Hebei, Heilongjiang, Hunan, Sichuan, Anhui, Henan, Liaoning, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong, and Guangdong. Hosts are mulberry, cherry, citrus, jellyfish, redbud, privet, crape myrtle, chrysanthemum, cherry, willow and so on. Adult insects, fresh branches, tender skin, and nutrients, the larvae feed on the xylem of the branches to the heart. Every certain distance, they bite out 1 drainage hole outwards, causing the plants to grow weak.
[Morphological characteristics]
Adults are 35-59 mm long. The male body is slightly smaller, dark brown and densely covered with yellowish-brown hairs. Under the mouth type. There is a longitudinal ditch in the head. The front thoracodorsal plate has transverse wrinkles, and each side has 1 spike in the middle. The base of the wing sheath is densely covered with black granular small protrusions. The antennae of the antennae are 1 section longer than the body and the male is 3 sections longer than the body. Eggs are oblong, milky white and 6 mm long. The mature larvae are 50-70 mm long, milky white and cylindrical. The front of the thoracodorsal plate is a tan-colored "convex" shape, with 1 "small" glyph pattern, and a brownish-brown, small bulge at the back, and radial forward.蛹 Spindle shaped, 50 mm long, light yellow to tan.
[Life habits]
In Shanghai 2-3 years 1 generation. The larvae spent two winters in the branches; pupa began in early May, emerged in mid-May, spawned in mid-June, peaked at July 5, hatched in late July, and hatched in early August. In early September, it entered the xylem. Adults live up to 2-3 months. Feathering needs to be supplemented with nutrients and eat tender skin. Each female lays over 100 eggs. Eggs are produced on branches 10-25 mm in diameter and above the annual bifurcation. At the time of spawning, first bite a "V"-shaped scar and spawn another one. The egg period is about 10 days. After hatching, a rectangular orifice is visible on the top of the shoot. The insect body feeds at the orifice and forms a vertical tunnel. There is a round hole at a certain distance to excrete sawdust and feces. The pre-larvae larvae feed up again. The duration is 20 days.
[Control methods]
Before and after the winter, insert poison sticks into the borehole and insert 1 to poison the larvae. The larvae hatched at the end of the period, about the middle of August, and sprayed 25% of Parker's No. 3 200 times, or omethoate 1000 times. In the larvae incubation period (early August), swollen leg bee 1-3 tubes (30 bees per tube) were placed.
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