The economic benefit of breeders depends on the hatchability of the breeder eggs. There are many reasons why the hatching rate of the breeding eggs can be reduced. If the cause of the drop in the hatching rate of the breeding eggs can be found as early as possible in the production, corresponding measures can be taken to reduce the loss. In the practice, the author explored some specific and practical analysis methods for reference by the majority of his peers.
1 Carefully check the eggs
1.1 Appearance inspection Check whether the shape and size of the egg are normal, whether the color of the eggshell meets the requirements of the variety, and whether the quality of the eggshell can meet the incubation conditions.
1.2 Storage and transportation If the storage temperature of the eggs is too high, the embryos will develop prematurely and the embryos will die early in the incubation period. If the temperature is too low, the eggshells will be frozen and frozen, the blastoderm will be frozen, and even the laces will be broken and scattered yellow; If the storage time of the eggs is too long, the air chamber will increase and the blastoderm will adhere to the eggshell membrane. Severe vibration of the eggs during transportation can also cause laceration and yellowing of the laces, movement of the air chamber, and even breaking of the eggshell.
1.3 Disease inspection Check whether the eggs have adverse effects from the breeder, such as whether the breeder is sick, whether the age of the breeder is too large or too small, whether there is inbreeding, whether the feed nutrition is comprehensive, and whether the feed quality can meet the requirements.
2 Carefully understand the incubation process
2.1 Temperature Check whether the temperature difference in the incubator is too large, whether the thermometer on the door is accurate, whether the actual incubating temperature in the incubation stage meets the specified requirements, and whether the overtemperature alarm system is sensitive or not.
2.2 Ventilation Check Whether the incubator is equipped with an exhaust pipe and whether the structure meets the requirements. After 15 days of incubating, whether the vent hole of the incubator is fully opened, and whether the fan is turned and the rotation speed is normal and stable.
2.3 Turning the eggs to check whether the turning angle and the number of times before hatching 14 days ago meet the requirements.
2.4 Others In the process of understanding whether there is a machine malfunction or power outage during the incubation process, if any such situation occurs, understand the embryo age, duration, and emergency measures taken, and whether the indoor ventilation and temperature meet the requirements.
3 Check the implementation of hatchery technology
3.1 Check the hatching operation and check the hatching records to see if the proper hatching conditions are provided throughout the incubation process.
3.2 Understand whether the hatchery personnel have mastered and effectively used "see fetal Schering" and eyelid thermometry techniques.
3.3 Understand the responsibility of hatchery personnel and check whether there is a faulty liability accident.
4 Find out the cause according to the condition of the egg. Use the fluoroscopy egg to observe whether the embryo develops normally and determine if the temperature is appropriate. And by observing the size of the air chamber, we know if the humidity is suitable. Depending on the egg, you can distinguish between azoospermia, normal embryonated eggs, abnormal embryonic eggs, and cracked eggs.
The abnormal performance of egg 3 eggs and their causes are as follows:
4.1 Abnormal Headlighting at 5 Days of Hatching
The fertilization rate of one kind of egg was normal, the embryonic development was slightly faster, the number of embryonic dead eggs increased, and blood vessels appeared hyperemia. It is usually caused by high incubation temperatures.
The fertilization rate of the two eggs is normal, the embryo develops slightly slower, and there are fewer still fetuses. Usually due to low incubation temperatures.
The three kinds of eggs have large air chambers, multiple stillbirths, and many blood lines and blood rings. Sometimes they stick to eggshells, scattering yellow and more, "more white eggs." It is usually caused by the long storage time of eggs.
4 The embryo develops in the small head and heads down. It is usually caused by congenital malformation of eggs.
5 Poor embryonic development. Usually the temperature difference inside the machine is large, the storage time of the eggs is obviously inconsistent, or the eggs are caused by different chickens.
6 There are many ruptured eggs, a large number of embryos die and the time of death is not concentrated. There are many scattered yellow eggs, the air chamber is movable, and the lacerations are more. Usually the eggs are subjected to severe vibration or freezing (storage temperature below zero).
4.2 Abnormality of "second picture" at 11 days of incubation
1 The allantoic blood vessels “closed up†in advance and the mortality was high. It is usually due to the high temperature in the early hatching of eggs.
2 Delayed closure of allantoic blood vessels and lower mortality. It is usually caused by low egg incubation temperatures, excessive humidity, or older breeders.
3 The allantoic vasculature was not "collapsed." The small head of the allantoic blood vessels was heavily congested, some of the blood vessels were ruptured, and the mortality rate was high. It is usually caused by excessive temperature during incubation.
4 The allantoic vasculature was not "closed," but it was not congested. It is usually caused by low temperature during the incubation process, poor ventilation, abnormal egg turn, old breeder, or incomplete nutrition.
5 Embryo and egg development were different, and some embryos and eggs were congested with blood vessels and stillbirths were high. Usually the temperature difference in the incubator is large and local over-temperature is caused.
6 The rate of embryonic development differs, and blood vessels do not congest. Usually the storage time of eggs is obviously different.
7 chicken head is located in the head of the egg.
8 hatching eggs burst, emitting a foul odor. It is usually caused by contamination of eggs or contamination of the hatchery environment.
4.3 Abnormalities in the "three shots" at the 17th day of incubation.
1 "closed door" delay, small air chamber. It is usually caused by low or high temperatures.
2 "closing the door" in advance, blood vessels congestion. It is usually caused by high temperatures.
3 does not "close the door." It is usually caused by high or low temperatures, abnormal egg turning, old breeders, poor feed nutrition, or poor ventilation.
5 According to the situation of the shell found
5.1 The clam shell time is the same as the hatching peak time. The clam shell time of a certain layer of chicken should also be relatively constant. If a group of chicks suddenly get ahead of or postpone the shell, the incubation temperature may be lower or higher.
5.2 The position and shape of the fistula The position of the fistula should be between the midline and the blunt end of the egg. If the oyster shell is in the head, it indicates that the fetal position is not correct; if the oyster shell is in a place with a high blunt end, it means that the chicks can lick the shell through a small air chamber, which may cause the hatching humidity to be too high; if the gargle has blood flow, it may be Improper incubation temperature; if the mouth is plum-like clean small cracks, then normal.
6 Comprehensive analysis based on hatching situation
6.1 Checking the peak time of hatching If the peak period of hatching is earlier or later than normal, it indicates that the incubation temperature is high or low. If there is no clear peak period of hatching, this may be related to the large temperature difference in the machine, the apparent storage time of the eggs or the breeder eggs originating from different breeders.
6.2 Shell chickens Check the chicks for vigor, robustness, body weight, and egg yolk absorption. Check the color, length and cleanliness of the hairs, and the development of the ticks, feet, and ankles.
1 Villi "pills of hair" are generally caused by high or low incubation temperatures, long storage periods of eggs, or abnormalities in turning eggs.
2 Chicks are prolonged, weak and weak, large in abdomen, incomplete in umbilical cord, and “pillsâ€, usually caused by low incubation temperature or excessive humidity.
3 The chicks are thin and dry, and some bowels are congested and dragged outside. The yolk is poorly absorbed, which is usually caused by high temperature throughout the incubation period.
The appearance of headlessness, blinking, crooked toes, parrots, and swollen joints in 4 chicks was related to heredity, early high temperature hatching or lack of nutrition.
5 The legs and feet are crumpled, the veins in the legs are prominent, or the tissues in the mouth are dark and abnormally dry. Usually, the humidity of the hatcher is too low and the dehydration symptoms caused by the chicks staying in the hatcher for too long.
6 The red color of the crotch is a sign of difficulty in getting out of the shell.
The 7 chickens had wheezing, mostly due to excessive temperature in the incubator, lack of oxygen or infectious diseases.
7 According to the development of the hairy eggs, systematic analysis of the reasons for not hatching the open unchecked eggs is the key to comprehensively analyzing the reason why the chicks are not hatched. It not only provides the stillbirth rate of each period, but also finds the approximate shelllessness. Causes, but also to check the cause by examining the fetal position, pathological necropsy tissue and other aspects.
Randomly take 50 ~ 100 unhatched eggs, tap the big head with a scorpion, clip off the eggshell, in order to determine the approximate age of death of embryos, causes, fetal position and deformity. The egg contents were then poured into glassware and observed for normal amniotic fluid staining (normally colorless and transparent), protein utilization, and yolk absorption. Then gently wipe the amniotic fluid and other fetal body with a cotton ball, lightly cut the fetal abdomen with a blade, and then observe the skin, liver, stomach, heart and other tissues and organs have congestion, bleeding, edema, atrophy, degeneration and deformity and other physiological diseases . When you open a wool egg test, you can find out the approximate cause of death by identifying the week in which the embryo died.
7.1 Embryonic early (1 to 7 days) deaths Embryonic deaths during this period are mainly related to heredity, health status of the breeder, and storage and incubation conditions. Egg fertilization rate is also related to the early stillbirth rate. The lower the fertilization rate, the higher the early stillbirth rate.
1 The causes of early embryonic death in the hatchery are as follows: The storage condition is not normal (generally eggs are stored for no more than 7 days at 16 to 17°C), improper disinfection (if the fumigation dose is not correct, after 4th incubation) Fumigation during ~96 hours), unfair design of egg trays (eg, small egg tray spacing) and damage to the eggs, or non-turning eggs or abnormal turning angles due to faults in the turn-over system, excessive temperature in the incubator Or fluctuate too much.
2 Causes of early embryonic deaths outside the hatchery: Eggs are contaminated in the house (eg outside of the nest). Eggs are broken due to unreasonable design or improper operation of the nests. Eggs are not caught in time or the eggs are left in the nests. Development has begun before storage, poor egg shell quality, some drugs added to the feed (such as coccidia net) or improper drug use, nutritional problems (such as the lack of vitamin A, vitamin E, biotin, etc.), breeding chickens infected with Newcastle disease, Infectious bronchitis and other diseases, the fertilization rate of eggs is low, and there are too many toxins such as feed and drinking water.
7.2 Embryonic mid-term (8 to 14 days) deaths The stillbirth rate of hatching eggs during this period is generally low. If the incubator is poorly ventilated or the hatching temperature, humidity, and improper turning of the eggs can cause a high rate of stillbirth. Genetics and nutrition are no longer the main cause of mid-term death.
7.3 Late Embryos (15-21 days) Embryonic deaths during this period are mainly related to the storage, transportation, hatching conditions, eggshell quality and other factors of the eggs.
1 Causes of pre-embryonic death in the hatchery: Pre-storage of the eggs before hatching, improper storage temperature, inappropriate incubation temperature and humidity, poor ventilation in the incubator or incubator, hatching in the head, hatching in the first 2 weeks Not normal, when the egg is broken when it is dropped.
2 Causes of late embryonic death in the hatchery: Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis, chicken white fleas and other diseases, poor eggshell quality, nutritional problems such as lack of manganese, biotin, vitamin B12 and so on.
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