Hot lettuce cultivation technology in West Sichuan Bazi

Lettuce can be planted in all seasons, and its nature likes cold and cool weather. The growth temperature range is 11-18°C. If you want to grow hot lettuces listed in the autumn season, you must consider the factors that need to pass through the summer hot season in the growth period, especially pay attention to germination and control early bolting and other links.

Low temperature soaking

Increase seed germination

Lettuce seeds can germinate at 5-18°C. Germination at high temperatures above 30°C will be limited. High temperatures will promote vigorous respiration of the seeds, and insufficient oxygen will enter the embryos, making it difficult to germinate. Therefore, it is necessary to cool and germinate sowing lettuce in the hot season to increase the seed germination rate. There are many methods for seed processing. Here are three common types of production:

First, the well hanging germination. First soak the seeds in cold water, then spread a layer of moist, rough river sand around a small bamboo basket, spread the soaked seeds on top, and cover 1-2 cm of rough sand, sand. On top of that, a leaf of vegetable can also be used to cover the seed with gauze. A soaked brick is placed in the middle of the seed to adjust the moisture. Then it is placed in a deep well and is set a foot high from the surface of the water. Check it once a day until it has just been “powdered” (bud emergence is white). Plants can be planted. Where there are no wells, sewer gutters in the city can also be used for germination.

Second, place germination in cold place. The swelled seeds are mixed with moist river sand and placed in a cool, wet and cool place (such as a damp water tank). They are often kept moist and generally begin to germinate in 3-4 days. The disadvantages are that the sprouting is slow and the growth is not neat.

Third, the refrigerator germination or vacuum flask plus ice germination method. After soaking the seeds for 4-6 hours, they are picked up and put into a small cloth bag. The seed skin water in the small cloth bag is dried and then mixed and placed in the fresh-keeping layer of the refrigerator. You can also put 1-2 pieces of ice cubes in the thermos bottle, and then hang the seeds in the bottle, taking care not to touch the water below (a smaller version of the well lifting germination), remove the seeds every 24 hours, rinse with water, About 48 hours to bud.

Control early bolting

Increase production and quality

Hot lettuce is most likely to be bolted early in the environment of high temperature and long days, and bolting will seriously affect the yield and quality.

First, choose a variety that is not easily heat-resistant. Different species have different responses to high temperature, and the degree of bolting in early stages is different. Pingba District can be “two white hides” and hilly regions can be “two green skins”. The following are the characteristics of commonly used varieties of farmer friends in the Sichuan Basin.

Two white sticks secret knots: Chengdu local breeds. There are 100 years of cultivation history, and cultivation has been carried out in all parts of western Sichuan. The characteristic is that the leaf clusters are erect and compact, and the plant height is 35-40 cm. Leaves obovoid, apex obtuse, ca. 30 cm, leaf margin microwave-shaped, leaf surface slightly wrinkled, pale green, middle ribs white-green. The stalk is stick-shaped, about 30 centimeters long, about 5 centimeters in diameter, and densely knotted. The internodes are about 0.9 centimeters long. The bark is white and the meat is light green. The single stem weighs about 0.5 kilograms. Strong heat resistance, weak resistance to downy mildew, difficult to twitch.

Two white peel rare knots: Chengdu local breeds. There are 50 years of cultivation history, and cultivation has been carried out in the suburbs of Chengdu. It is characterized by a compact plant, erect leaves, height 46 cm, and development about 35 cm. Leaves obovoid, apex blunt, ca. 27 cm long, ca. 14 cm wide, leaf margins microwave-shaped, leaf surface slightly wrinkled, dark green, middle ribs white-green. Stems and clubs, about 40 cm long, about 3.8 cm in diameter, and about 2.4 cm in length between the nodes. The bark is white-green and yellowish-green in color. The single stem weighs about 0.25 kg. Strong heat and cold resistance, strong ability against downy mildew, difficult to twitch.

Second, blue: Chengdu landlord varieties, cultivation more than 30 years. Features: Semi-vertical leaves, plant height about 41 cm, degree of development 40-50 cm. Leaves are long and obovate, apex blunt, leaf margins are microwave-shaped, with shallow serrations, leaf surface wrinkled, yellow-green, medium rib grass green. Stems and clubs, about 35 centimeters in length, 3.4 to 4.5 centimeters in diameter, and 2.5 centimeters in length. The stems are green and pale green. Single stem weighing 250-500 grams. Strong heat resistance, not easy to twitch. The meat is tender, sweet and of good quality.

Second, soil selection. The adaptability of lettuce is relatively wide, and soil requirements are not very strict. Generally, plains and sloping fields can be planted. However, due to the weak roots of lettuce, shallow incorporation, large evaporation of foliage, and weak drought resistance, it is still necessary to select fertile crops for higher benefits. , can drain irrigation, strong water retention humus clay or loam cultivation. For less fertile soils, the application of organic fertilizers should be increased, and mulching films can also be used in relatively dry fields.

More diseased plots can be spread with 3-5 grams of carbendazim at 1 square meter, or spread with 100 kilograms of fresh lime per acre. After spreading, plowing and mixing (note: quicklime cannot be used for consecutive years). Pest-enhanced fields can be mixed with 20 pounds of fine soil per mu per kilogram of phoxim. Fertilization mainly uses a one-time application of base fertilizer, per acre base fertilizer can be used to compost 3000 kg of human and animal manure, 50 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 20 kg of potassium fertilizer, 20 kg of urea.

Third, timely planting, strengthen seedbed management, and cultivate robust seedlings. In order to get listed in the autumn, some people will sow early, but premature sowing may cause bolting. Appropriate sowing period before and after the summer heat (from the end of June to mid-July), transplanting before the beginning of autumn (early August), usually 40-50 days can be harvested, just listed in the off-season.

In order to cultivate strong seedlings, only one or two seeds (50 g) are generally planted in one seedbed. Select the well-drained soil, first apply the plant ash or slag fertilizer as the base fertilizer, dig the ground and pour the urine water, make the soil fine and make the three-foot (1 meter) wide carton, mix the seeds after the powder puddle (sprout)ç³  or dry river sand sprinkled on it. If the temperature at the time of sowing is very high, you can splash water in the seedbed to cool and replant. After sowing, spray a thin layer of water with a watering can or melon and cover the slag or river sand to cover the buds. Covered with shady awnings or shade nets, sprinkle wheat straw or cover the wheat straw to keep the soil moist, avoid strong sunlight and heavy rain, or make a small shed on the surface of the cabin and cover it with a shade net. Watering should be done the next day after sowing and two times in the morning and evening. After the emergence of large winds and hot sun, they still have to cover the shed.

Seedlings when the seedling leaves when true leaves, and sprayed with 800 times the carbendazim once to prevent fungal diseases. 25-26 days after sowing can be transplanted, seedling age should not be too old, as early as 16-20 days after sowing transplanted. Before transplanting, shooters must be strictly excluded from leggy seedlings or jiaoba seedlings and transplanted with soil.

Fourth, strengthen field fertilizer management to prevent bolting caused by lack of water and lack of fertilizer. The dam area is generally interspersed with cabbage or celery, or interplanted under various melons. After transplanting, the root water is poured, and then the water conditions are watered early and late. If the temperature is high and the sun is large, it is necessary to cover the seedlings with leaves such as loofah to ensure survival.

After 2-3 days of living and turning green, you can remove the cover. After the top-dressing irrigation, master the watering and pouring. When the sun turns on the leaves when the lettuce is opened, the urea stalls on the heart and leaves can inhibit the early bolting and promote the enlargement of the stem base.

The hilly area is generally planted after harvesting corn, and is planted at a spacing of 7-8 inches (25 cm or so). About 7-8 thousand plants per mu are planted. After transplanting with soil, the root water is poured, and if the sun is large, the seedlings may be covered with eucalyptus leaves, corn leaves, cauliflower leaves, etc., and they may not be covered after survival. Topdressing, watering mastery should be light. Houling cultivation hot lettuce also pay attention to cultivator less soil, usually 2-3 times, especially after heavy rain to owe soil, topdressing.

Weeding and weeding. Due to the rapid growth, hot lettuce generally only cultivators once. Ten to 15 days after transplanting, a nest weed can be pulled 20 days after transplanting.

Top dressing replenishment. Heat lettuce roots are shallow, absorption capacity is weak, combined with rapid growth in the summer, more fertilizer and water are needed, and special attention should be paid to heavy fertilizer water management. Generally it is to see the growing trend of seed dressing, seedling growth potential difference, can be used in the early 20 through the decomposed human feces plus 20 kg of urea, top dressing 1-2 times, the rest can be poured 1-2 times. The lettuce cultivated in summer is small, and if it is rainy, it will not need to be watered. If the sun is big, the soil is dry, irrigation can be carried out, and irrigation is best done in the evening. If the soil is heavy, it should follow the irrigation. Do not allow water in the ground.

Fifth, use plant growth regulators to control bolting and promote growth. In the opening period of lettuce, the stems begin to expand and grow. It can use 15-20ppm of chlormethorine and naphthalene acetic acid mixture (can also be used alone), spray once every 5-7 days, spray 2-3 times, control early Bolting to promote stem development.

However, it should be noted that spraying prematurely can cause leggy, leaves are weak, and unfavorable stems are hypertrophied; when it is too late, plant tissues are aged and the effect is not significant. After the application of growth regulators to accelerate growth, but also to strengthen the management of fertilizer and water.

Six, pest control, timely harvest. Seedlings are vulnerable to pests (fossil chickens), small earthworms (Bombyx mori), earthworms (sweet earthworms) and other pests, should pay attention to the use of bait prevention. Bait can be used 90% crystal trichlorfon 0.5 kg, add water 2.5-5 kg, spray mixed chopped fresh grass or bean cake powder 30 kg, scattered in the evening near the seedlings between the rows, spread a heap at a distance, per mu with fresh Grass poison bait 15 kg or so. The control of larvae of the above pests can also be achieved by doubling the dilution by 1500 times, or manually killing in the early morning.

The main diseases are downy mildew, soft rot and sclerotia. After the disease, downy mildew can be treated with 20% to 20% of 50% enmethionone morpholine wettable powder, or 36% of Xinluoling Suspension 600-800 times; 72% of agricultural streptomycin can be used as soft rot disease. Soluble powder 3000-4000 times, or neophytin 4000 times spray control; Sclerotia can be used at the beginning of the disease can be used 50% Suo Keling wettable powder 1500 times, or 40% Sclerotium net wettable powder 1000 times , Or 50% Nongliling WP 1000 times, or 50% acetaminophen wettable powder 1000 times spray control. The above medicament is once in 10 days and it is controlled 3-4 times.

Hot lettuce should be harvested in batches in due course. If harvesting is too late, fleshy stems can form buds, consume nutrients, form hollow, and cannot be eaten. Collecting too early will reduce production. Generally about a month after transplanting, when the stems are swollen and the tips of the stem and outer leaves are at the same height, they can be harvested in batches.

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