Due to the lack of climatic reasons or management measures, the occurrence of pests and diseases is serious, which affects the quality and commercial performance of garlic.
1. Disease prevention
Garlic purple spot
Symptoms Garlic purple spot disease mainly affects leaves and alfalfa. It can infect bulbs during storage and transportation. The field is mostly from the tip of the leaf or the middle of the peduncle. After a few days, it spreads to the lower part. It is initially water-soaked, slightly concave, and has a purple color in the center. Small spots, the enlarged lesions are oval or spindle-shaped. When the humidity is high, the diseased part produces concentric striated gray-black mildew, that is, conidiophores and conidia of the pathogen. The diseased department continues to expand to the leaves or pedicels, causing the leaves and pedicels to turn yellow or die.
Control method
1 Apply sufficient base fertilizer to strengthen field management and enhance host disease resistance;
2 Implementing rotation with non-onion garlic vegetables for more than 2 years;
3 Use disease-free seeds, if necessary, soak the seeds with 300% formaldehyde 300 times for 3 hours, wash them in time after immersion;
4 In the early stage of the disease, spray 75% chlorothalonil WP 500-600 times or 64% anti-virus WP 1500 times, 40% Dafu Dan WP 500 times, 58% metalaxyl, Mn-Zn wettability Powder 500 times liquid, sprayed once every 7 to 1.0 days, continuous control 3 to 4 times, have good results. In addition, spraying 2% polymycin-resistant wettable powder 30×10E-6 is also effective.
5 timely harvest, low temperature storage, to prevent the disease from spreading during the storage period.
Garlic leaf blight
The condition is mainly harmful to the leaves or pedicels. The leaf damage begins at the tip of the leaf. It begins with a white small dot. When it is enlarged downward, it is irregular or elliptical. It is taupe to pale yellow-purple lesion. When it is wet, it produces black mold. When it is severe, it is sick. The upper part of the leaf is dead. The peduncle is easily broken from the diseased part, and finally many small black spots are produced in the diseased part. In severe cases, it is not convulsions.
Control method
1 promptly remove the diseased leaves;
2 Strengthen field management, rational close planting, timely drainage after rain, and improve host disease resistance;
3 At the beginning of the onset, spray 75% white bacteriostatic wettable powder 600 times solution or 50% chlorhexidine WP 1500 times solution, 64% antivirus WP WP solution 500 times, spray once every 7 to 10 days, Continuous control 3 to 4 times.
Garlic rust
The disease mainly affects the leaves and green stems. At the beginning of the disease, it is a fusiform chlorotic plaque. After the epidermis, a round or elliptical spleen heap is formed. After the rupture of the epidermis, orange-yellow powder, which is the summer spore heap and summer spore, is sick. The spot is surrounded by a yellow halo. After the lesion is contiguous, the whole leaf is yellow and the plant is dead in advance. At the later stage of growth, a black porch spore heap with no rupture of the epidermis was produced on the unbroken urediospores.
Control method
1Select anti-rust disease varieties: such as purple skin garlic, Jinxiang white skin garlic, Shucheng garlic is more resistant to disease, suitable for local conditions;
2 to avoid mixing of onion and garlic, pay attention to clean the pastoral to reduce the source of initial infection;
3 timely broadcast in time, reasonable fertilization, reduce the number of irrigation, to prevent flooding;
4 In case of rainy years, early spring should check the cause of the disease in time, spraying prevention:
5 In the early stage of the disease, 15% triazolone, WP 1500 times or 20% triazolone EC 2000 times solution, 97% rust sodium WP 300 times solution, 25% enemy de-emulsion 300 times solution, Or 25% enemies de-emulsion 4000 times liquid plus 15% triazolone wettable powder 2000 times liquid, 70% mancozeb wettable powder 1000 times liquid plus 15% triazolone wettable powder 2000 times liquid, 10 Spray once every 15 days, and prevent it once or twice.
Garlic virus disease
The symptoms appear as streaking symptoms along the veins during the growth phase, and then connect into yellow and green long stripes. Sometimes there are intermittent veins. In severe cases, the growth is slow, the plants are dwarfed, and sometimes the heart leaves of the plants are covered by adjacent leaves, which are curled and deformed. The bulb of the diseased plant becomes smaller or the garlic and the roots are reduced. In severe cases, the garlic cloves are more rigid and the storage period is particularly obvious. It is a disease that is popular in production, the species is deteriorated, and the yield is significantly reduced.
Control method
1Select garlic varieties resistant to viral diseases, such as Jinxiang white garlic, purple garlic, etc.;
2 Strengthen the management of garlic fields and improve the disease resistance of plants;
3 early prevention and control of dental worms, prevention and treatment of disease spread;
4 In the early stage of the disease, spray 20% virus nemesis soluble powder 400 times liquid or anti-toxic agent No. 1 water agent 300 times liquid, or 100 ml of water per plant or 20% virus A wettable powder 500 times liquid, spray about 10 days later. 1 time, even spray 2 to 3 times.
2. Pest control
The garlic pests are mainly root pests, and the root pests are harmful to the pests. It is the most common and most harmful pest of garlic. The incidence of garlic in Ganzhou is 50% to 60%, and the average incidence of the plot is 30% to 40%. More than %, even the production is a major factor restricting the development of garlic production, causing great economic losses to local garlic farmers.
There are as many as 12 species of root pests, of which 4 are the most serious. They are onion species, leeks, ash, and radish. Both flies and leeks are treated with larvae feeding on the upper 1-4 cm of the surface of the larvae, or the larvae are sucked into the garlic cloves to form a yellow-brown hole, which further causes the garlic cloves to rot, the garlic to become smaller, and the garlic head Cracking and other economic losses. Aiming at the biological characteristics and occurrence and development of root pests, we optimized the comprehensive control measures to reduce the number of garlic worms in the control area by 95.5% and the control effect by 96.7%.
Agricultural control
Improve the quality of the land preparation Before the land preparation, clean up the garlic, onion and scorpion in the field, the ground, the roadside, pour the water at the bottom of the foot, combine the application of the bottom fertilizer, deepen the soil by 30-40 cm, plow the soil layer, level the soil, and lay it well. Sowing and leveling.
Select garlic to improve the quality of sowing, try to use different kinds of garlic in different places, choose the type of detoxified garlic; choose the big head garlic, remove the moldy, rotten garlic and garlic cloves, and remove the garlic inside the small garlic; the sowing depth is about 4 cm. Suitable and covered with loose soil.
Covering the mulch with a mulch film should be careful to prevent the film from rupturing to form a hole; the seedling hole should be small, and the seedling hole at the base of the garlic seedling should be covered with loose soil.
Scientific fertilization to strengthen fertilizer and water management, 667 square meters of fully decomposed organic fertilizer 3 to 4 meters, as the base fertilizer; fertilizer with garlic onion residue as much as possible to use high temperature compost to kill the eggs in the residue: organic fertilizer 10 to 15 days before shipment to Daejeon, spray with 50% dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate 800 times, mix thoroughly with sputum, and smother for 7 days with soil seal. 667 square meters of rotted mature cake fertilizer 20 kg, diammonium phosphate 30 kg, urea 10 kg as the base fertilizer. In the later stage of growth, urea can be applied 1 to 2 times with irrigation, about 8 kg each time. When wintering, you should water the winter water to kill the wintering larvae and cockroaches. On the basis of the forecasting report in late April, combined with field irrigation, the first and second generation larvae were smothered and the water needs of garlic were satisfied to promote the robust growth of the plants.
Garlic fields should be as far as possible from the onions and simmers to remove the debris as much as possible when harvesting garlic, reducing the amount of insects in the field.
Chemical control
The soil treatment combined with the irrigated bottom water, melted 90% of the crystal trichlorfon 1 to 1.5 kilograms to 30 kilograms of water, and then poured into the 667 square meters of garlic field with irrigation to kill the wintering larvae and pupa.
Growth period prevention and control in mid-April According to the field investigation, in the initial stage of adult insects, dry grass ash or gypsum powder can be used to sprinkle on the base of garlic and stem to form a layer to prevent adult eggs from spawning; after 5 to 7 days, 90% crystal enemy Insect 1000 times liquid or 50% lesbian emulsifiable oil 1000 times liquid or 50% phoxim emulsifiable oil 800 times liquid, spray the root of the pseudo-stem base with a sprayer with the nozzle removed, according to the field insect control 2~3 Times, each dose of 150 ~ 200 kg per 667 square meters; in the adult period, 2.5% of trichlorfon powder, 1.5 ~ 2 kg per 667 square meters of powder, or 90% of trichlorfon crystal 1000 times 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 800 times solution, 2.5% deltamethrin 2000 times solution, 40% methyl isothiophos emulsifiable concentrate 1000-1500 times liquid spray, spray once every 7 days, continuous control 2 to 3 times. Garlic sorghum is a serious field, which can be watered once with 50% scorpion 1500 times solution and stopped for 7 days before harvesting.
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