At present, breeding ducks and ducks has become a good way for farmers to become rich. The high-yield experiences and measures of captive ducks and ducks summarized through practice and investigation are described below.
1 Strict weight control
Changes in body weight are a barometer of egg production in ducks and ducks. Observing body weight changes in ducks and controlling body weight according to growth laws is an important management measure. In general, more than 85% of the total body weight should be within the range of 1.4 to 1.5kg (note the difference in standard weight of different breeds). In order to achieve the prenatal egg ducks with strong physique, consistent development, skeletal induration, complete feathering, and timely production, restricted feeding must be implemented from the bred ducks. Generally, the feed quality of pre-natal ducks need not be too good. In the diet, as long as the crude protein is 14% and the metabolisable energy is 10.8 to 11.3 MJ/kg, it is not enough to feed, but more green feed is needed; the feed trough and the sink The amount of material and water should be sufficient and must not be broken. After the start of production, feed supply should be adjusted according to the egg production rate and egg weight increase/decrease. It is better to measure ducks and ducks once a month so that the weight of ducks entering the egg production period will be maintained at about 1.45kg. Slight increase, to the end of elimination does not exceed 1.5kg. During this period, if the weight suddenly increases or decreases, it shows that there have been problems in feeding and management, and it should be promptly corrected.
2 Keeping up with the dynamics of ducks
The focus is on the eating, venting and production of ducks.
2.1 The daily food intake of the duck group is well known. Generally, the laying duck feeds about 0.15 kg of compound material per day, plus 0.05 to 0.15 kg of green feed. If the feed intake is reduced, the reasons should be analyzed and measures taken. If feed intake falls for three consecutive days, egg production will be affected on the fourth day.
2.2 Familiar with the number of feces, shape, content, smell and so on. If the excreted feces are all white, it means that the animal feed was not absorbed. The stools were washed in the water and fluffy, not much white, indicating that the amount of animal feed was adequate.
2.3 Check the status of egg production. When observing eggs in the morning, observe carefully the distribution of egg nests in the duck housing. The number of egg nests produced by ducks is generally regular to be found. The number of eggs and the number of eggs produced per day must be known. It is best to keep a record of the eggs and draw a graph and a standard to compare them so as to understand the trend of egg production in the duck group.
2.4 Observe carefully the shape, size and thickness of the duck egg. Once it is found that the egg produced is small, egg shape is long, shell is thin or deformed egg is increased, it is necessary to pay attention to increase nutrition and timely feed animal feed.
3 Breeding techniques for egg production
After the laying of ducks and ducks, pay close attention to the egg production rate and egg weight rising trend, and increase the amount of feed and feeding times accordingly, and push them to the peak of production as soon as possible. When the egg production rate reaches more than 90%, the nutrient concentration of the diet should be increased, and the batch material containing 19% to 20% protein should be fed, and the granular calcium and green feed should be fed appropriately. At this time, the duck material can be observed through the observation of eggs. Changes in duck droppings, egg weight, egg production time, crust quality, duck feathers, etc. The rate of egg production remained constant during the prolific period. Eggs weighed at 0.5 kg each time with a slight increase, and the body weight remained basically unchanged, indicating that the materials used were reasonable. If the body weight is reduced at this time, animal feed should be fed. If the body weight is too high, the metabolic energy of the feed can be reduced. The green roughage can be properly fed to control the feed intake, but the animal feed remains unchanged. In order to reduce the cost of feed, local by-products such as brewers' grains and monosodium glutamate should be actively used; fishmeal should be quality-conscious and prevent its adulteration from affecting production.
4 Cold season management
Early spring ducks generally enter the egg production period in August, after which the light becomes shorter and the weather turns cooler, and the cold season is approaching. In order to adapt the duck population to this environmental change, the following technical measures should be taken at this time.
4.1 supplement artificial lighting. Strengthen lighting management, so that the daily light time is not less than 16h.
4.2 Keep duck shed warm. The temperature in the duck house should not be lower than 6°C, while raising the stocking density, thick hay, closed doors and windows, and intrusion of thieves.
4.3 Appropriately increase nutrition. Increase the level of feed metabolism energy to 12.1 to 12.5 MJ/kg, protein 18%, but be careful not to make the duck body fat.
4.4 Scientific Management.
4.4.1 Put the ducks late in the morning and close the shed early in the evening, that is, when the sun is plentiful from 8:00 to 9:00, the ducks will be dropped to reduce the time and frequency of water discharge.
4.4.2 In the winter and the lunar months, the ducks must be rushed for about 10 minutes before launching the water. After the ducks have landed, they should dry their hair and then enter the shed.
4.4.3 In order to maintain a high rate of egg production, it is still necessary to pay special attention to whether there is a change in eggshell quality, whether the egg production time is delayed, and the mental state of the ducklings. Such as quail eggs, hand touch the eggshell should be thick, bright color.
4.4.4 The ducks are very busy in eating, and the feathers do not seep when the water is released. The spirit is full, and the duck is dry after going ashore, indicating that the egg production will not fall and it will be well-fed.
4.4.5 The elimination of laying ducks depends on the egg production rate and the elimination of residual value after the Chinese New Year in the second year. In this case, the elimination value is higher and the egg price is expected to fall. When the balance is difficult to balance, the ducklings are updated.
5 Reduce the impact of various stress factors
Ducks have a regular life, but they are nervous, sexually anxious and frightened. Therefore, the following points must be observed during the rearing process.
5.1 Keep the feed relatively stable. Feed varieties should not be changed frequently, and feeds with mildew and bad quality should not be fed.
5.2 Keep operating procedures and keeping environment relatively stable. Duck workers should also be fixed and not frequently replaced.
5.3 Keep the environment quiet. In the home environment, it is necessary to avoid abnormal sounds and allow outsiders to enter and leave the duck house in a casual manner. This does not surprise the duck population. In particular, the ducklings at the time of opening are more vulnerable.
5.4 Maintain feeding times and feeding times are relatively stable. Sudden changes in feeding times or sudden reductions in the number of meals served can cause stress and result in decreased egg production.
5.5 To create suitable conditions and provide a good egg production environment, special attention should be paid to the impact brought about by the drastic climate change. Therefore, we must pay attention to the weather forecast and make timely preparations. Keep the duck house dry and lay the grass on the ground. Before the ducks return home each time, let them feather their feathers and wait until the hair is dry before entering the house.
5.6 Reasonable medication. During the production of eggs, drugs that have an impact on the egg production rate, such as olaquindox, cannot be used arbitrarily, and vaccines and insecticides cannot be freely given.
6 Adopt a reasonable lighting system
Illumination has the effect of stimulating the egg laying of ducks. It promotes the growth and development of follicles through the joint action of nerves and endocrine, thus promoting the formation of duck eggs. Provide a reasonable lighting system during the breeding process, do not suddenly turn off the lights or shorten the light time, so as not to cause alarm and produce misshapen eggs. Where there is frequent power outage, prepare kerosene lamps or other lighting appliances. From the age of 19 weeks, the daily illumination time was increased by 20 minutes, and the total illumination time was not less than 14 hours until 16 to 17 hours. The illumination intensity was 5Lx. In addition, the lighting system must be closely integrated with the feeding and management measures.
7 Doing Well the Prevention and Control of Duck Diseases
Pay attention to the cleanliness of the duck house. Before entering the duck, 2% caustic soda and 10% to 20% lime milk can be used to disinfect. At the same time, keep duck grass bedding comfortable and dry, avoid moisture. The grass is cleaned once a week in the summer and the grass is cleaned once a month in the winter. If there is stuffiness in the duck house and the smell is heavy, open the doors and windows in time for ventilation. The troughs and sinks in the house should be washed frequently. According to the established immunization procedures, timely inoculation of good vaccines should be timely isolated or treated for diseased ducks in the group. Regularly add some preventive drugs in feed or water to control the occurrence of various diseases.
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