In order to realize the industrialization of the geese industry, it is imperative that leading geese companies promote, guide and support farmers in geese production according to market demand, and promote the development of the local economy. The establishment of an effective production and sales system, with sufficient scale, establishment of improved seed breeding bases, and scaled and intensive production are the only way to go.
1 Facilities
1.1 Intensive planning of production sites Feeding can be grazing combined with feeding, captive or house feeding. The production site can be planned according to the company's own conditions and actual conditions, and the construction of a practical and functional breeding geese farm, including brooding houses, breeding houses, breeding geese, water sports grounds, septic tanks, corpses, and other necessary supporting facilities ( Such as laboratories, isolation rooms, etc.), equipped with various production equipment. When planning, first of all, attention should be paid to the layout that is conducive to epidemic prevention. The production function areas, the building envelope structure, and the epidemic prevention facilities should be complete. It is best to select sites with natural isolation and epidemic prevention conditions, construct fences or plant protective forest belts, and provide entrance and exit disinfection. Facilities (disinfection pool, disinfection room, etc.). When building geese should pay attention to the summer heatstroke cooling and cold winter warm season. The geese should generally be built according to the water, and the seat must be facing south or southeast; the wall can only be built with a wall base, and the height is about 60cm, and then the activity can be achieved by surrounding the cold-proof cloth.
1.2 A large number of grass-goose geese have been intensively intensively bred to raise geese. Wild pasture alone cannot meet their needs, and their health and quality are not guaranteed. Therefore, suitable forage herbivores should be planted according to the scale of feeding, such as the autumn ryegrass for geese and goslings to be preserved, and in the summer, hybrid pennisetum, Mexican corn grass, elephant grass, and other suitable gooses are suitable for planting. Breeding geese. General pasture yield is 75-125 t/ha, 5-8t forage can feed more than 100 species of goose; and ryegrass can be harvested 4 to 5 times under good management and sufficient fertilization, which can be reasonably planned during a production year. Feeding in batches, on average, can feed about 300 goslings per acre (1/15 hectare).
2 Feeding management
2.1 Breeding of geese during the growth phase The breeding period of geese is 10 weeks old. Although the breeding process is almost the same as that of meat geese, there are differences. Meat geese emphasize the growth rate so as to achieve the goal of being listed as soon as possible, while breeding goslings must be cultivated to have a better fertility and suitable for the kind of body. The spring-incubated geese are reserved for breeding purposes. Sexual maturation takes 6 to 7 months. The breeding geese start production at about 220 to 240 days in early September. At this time, planting seeds, at a suitable temperature and rich in green materials, provide good environmental conditions for the breeding of goslings, which is conducive to the growth and development of goslings, lower production costs, and the production of meat by the spring-incubated geese themselves and their offspring. Production performance such as egg production performed well.
In the early brooding period (within 3 weeks of age), the use of online feeding was better, and hygienic conditions, survival rates, stocking densities, brooding house utilization rates, and production costs were superior to those on the ground. After 3 weeks of age, the system performance of the goslings can be increased when the goslings are raised. Before hatching, prepare a brooding house, including thorough disinfection, complete with tools, feed, and insulation facilities, and test the temperature before entering the chicks.
In order to ensure the quality of breeding geese and brooding performance, we must strictly select the breeding goslings to make the first pass. Choose a young breed that meets the breed's characteristics. The hatching time should be normal, the vigor is good, the eyes are bright, the coat is shiny, the umbilical part is well contracted, and the hand is struggling to be strong and feels elastic. General goslings plan to stay about 20% more than the kind of goose, to choose from, the ratio of male to female is 1:4.
Keeping goslings should be transported to the brooding house as soon as possible for the first time drinking water, which is commonly called drinking. In the first week of drinking water, vitamins need to be added, and if necessary, antibiotics can be added. Freshly hatched goslings can be eaten with the full price of goose material and sprinkled on a mat cloth. From the 2nd day on, the feed is mixed with appropriate amount of green material. The forage grass is cut into 0.2-0.5 cm long, with the increase of the age. Gradually increase the length of pasture and increase the amount of green material.
According to the growth law of geese, the feeding geese are 4 to 5 weeks old, and the daily weight gain of the grazing geese at 6 to 7 weeks is the highest, reaching the peak of growth. Nutritional level has a great influence on its growth rate. Faster growth in the early stage must supply sufficient and nutritious diets to maximize their growth potential. In the middle and late stages, the rapid growth of feathers and skeletons occurs. At the 6th week, when the main wing feathers grow to 3.3 cm, they are easy to warp outwards and affect the mating after maturity. At this time, diets should be properly controlled to prevent overgrowth of the main wing feathers. Material control at 200g / (only days). At the age of 7 weeks, the abdomen Xinyuchangqi can be used without litter. From the 8th week of age, the amount of concentrates can be increased to promote the growth of new feathers as soon as possible. The body is fully developed to meet the needs of selection.
2.2 Feeding and maintenance of reserve geese Feeding until 11 weeks of age, geese and new feathers are basically grown and selected for the second time. Select health, growth and development, large size and shape, appearance characteristics in line with the characteristics of species retention. Large body size, large body weight, early growth rate, and high feed conversion rate are important indicators for the selection of meat breeding geese. The number of retained seeds is about 10% more on the basis of the characteristics of varieties, for the third seed selection. At the same time, males and females are reared in groups. After the males have been fed at various stages of feeding, the concentrate is 10% to 20% more than the mother geese, so that the male geese always maintain a good body condition to ensure their maturity and sexual maturity. Breeding ability. At 12 weeks of age, it takes about 1 month for the geese to perform the second moult. During the period from the moulting period to the limited-feeding period, the body systems of the reserve goose skeleton, plumage, etc. have not yet been fully developed, and the body weight continues to increase. There is still a high nutritional demand but no excessive diets can be fed to avoid causing Fertilizer, precocious, wasted feed. 11 weeks old gradually reduce the amount of concentrate to 250g / (only days), mixed coarse material, including green material and chaff, fed once in the morning and evening. Some husks are used as filling materials to make goose full, expand the volume of the digestive tract, and train its resistance to rough feeding, so as to prepare for the limited-feed period.
When the second moult is basically completed, that is, 100 to 120 days of age, the reserve goose enters the restricted-feeding period, which is the key to ensuring that the breeding geese maintain a high fertility. The purpose of feeding restriction is to control the growth of reserve geese, reduce body weight slightly, suppress the accumulation of body fat, especially abdominal fat, and also promote the full development of the reproductive system, improve the differences between the original individuals, and enable the geese to develop synchronously. Neatly put into production. Restriction feeding methods mainly include: one is mainly based on grazing, and less or no supplement is used in good grassland, depending on the specific circumstances; the other is feeding, twice daily, and pasture is fed in the morning. , Afternoon feeding with the diet (concentrate mixed husks), fine material with a week transition to 140 ~ 150g / (only days), and then matched with the human husk as a filler to feed, the husk for the amount of concentrate About 60%. Regardless of the method of feeding restriction, the effect of limiting feed must be analyzed every weekend and the feeding plan for next week must be adjusted. Restriction of feeding should be thorough and not excessive, prevent excessive weight loss and adverse effects, death, excessive scouring geese. During the restriction period, attention should be paid to the observation of the geese. If there are individual weak geese with dullness, neck bends, sagging wings, and light weight, it is necessary to timely pick out the well-fed animals and return them to large groups or eliminate them in time. Generally, artificial forced moulting is carried out at the end of limited-feeding period. The main wing feathers, auxiliary main wing feathers, tail feathers, and underarm feathers are pulled out to promote the third time of the moulting and to improve the uniformity of the opening time. The male and female geese are forced to moult during the summer and summer months, and are about 170 to 180 days old. Before the plucking, according to the restriction of feeding, it is sometimes necessary to continue to reduce the amount of feed or stop feeding for 1 week to make the feathers wither. After the forced moulting, gradually increase the amount of feed, promote the growth of new feathers, and restore constitution. The approach will be to increase the content of concentrates in the diet and to convert the concentrate to geese containing 14% to 15% of crude protein and 10.9 to 11.3 MJ/kg of metabolic energy.
2.3 Breeding and Management of Breeding Geese The good husbandry and management is an important guarantee for the breeding power of geese. The reserve geese are raised to the expected date of birth, with adequate development, strong physique, dense and shiny coat, and obvious secondary sexual characteristics, which are favorable for the third seed selection and prenatal grouping. The excellent selection of male geese plays a decisive role in the fertilization rate of eggs. Outstanding male goose manifested slogans, loud calls, wide heads, wide-spread sarcoma, well-developed sarcoma, slender but long eyes, great eyes, large neck, large body, strong body, and square body. Each section was well-proportioned, long-legged, large-footed and wide-ranging; The mother goose shows good motherhood, gentleness, fullness, facial glamorousness, short neck, deep chest and broad abdomen, and tight and shiny coat. The selected breeding geese were divided into about 120 per group, the feeding effect was better, and it was easy to manage. The male to female ratio was 1:5-6.
Breeding geese feeding two times a day with the rations, breeding geese feed level of crude protein is 16% to 17%, about 11.3MJ/kg of metabolic energy. Dietary concentrate increased to 250-300g/(day only); male goose feed was 300-350g/(day only).
Geese produce 3 to 4 nest eggs per year. When the geese grow at the peak of production per nest, the number of nest geese that produce a nest of eggs increases, and feed intake drops to 200-220g/(day only). The amount of feed should be reduced, and the amount of feed should be gradually restored with the increase of waking goose.
During laying, shortening the mother's nesting time has a significant effect on increasing egg production. When the female goose was found to have a nesting performance, it was sequestered for 1 to 2 weeks in a timely manner. Only drinking water and green materials were provided. After judging its waking, the first 3 days were fed with a small amount of formulated grains to restore digestive function and then returned to large groups.
2.4 Breeding and management period Breeding period of breeding goose is 7-8 months. When the breeding goose is stopped till the end of April of the following year, the goose begins to suspend production. The breeding ability of goslings is reduced, the fertilization rate is decreased, the feathers are withered, and they enter the abortive period. The purpose of feeding this period is to consume the body fat of female gooses and reduce the cost of feeding, and to select and eliminate geese and supplement the reserve geese. After the peak of egg production in the last nest, it is necessary to reduce the concentrate content of the supplemented diet. By the end of April, the production of eggs was completely stopped, and the concentrate content was reduced to 140-150 g/(day only), and only the one-time diet was used to feed grazing or feed forage.
2.5 problems that should be paid attention to in daily feeding and management
2.5.1 Maintain the cleanliness and hygiene of the breeding geese production site. Clean the geese at least once a day.
2.5.2 Grazing and house feeding should be carried out in the morning and evening when the geese eager to eat. When feeding, there should be enough slots to make the goose feed evenly.
2.5.3 When the goslings are cold and warm, ventilation and ventilation should be taken into consideration, and their bathing should be taught around 14 to 21 days of age.
2.5.4 Reserve geese have relatively poor physique during the limited-feed period, and attention should be paid to strengthening management to prevent heat stress such as heatstroke and rain.
2.5.5 Breeding of geese is often done in the water in the morning and evening, so it should be provided with favorable timing and good environmental conditions. Pay attention to the breeding ability of male geese and find that individual drops take timely measures or replace them.
2.5.6 In order to ensure the fertilization rate of eggs and reduce pollution, the number of quail eggs and quails should be 4 to 5 times per day.
3 Disease prevention and control
The prevention and control of disease and feeding and management are an organic unit and directly affect the breeding and management of breeding geese. Goose farms need to establish a strict veterinary health and epidemic prevention system, strictly implement regular epidemic prevention measures, formulate reasonable immunization procedures, pay close attention to the epidemic dynamics, and truly prevent deterrence. There are several infectious diseases that have a major impact on geese: gosling plague, goose paramyxovirus disease, bird flu, and colibacillosis. Gosling geese and goose paramyxovirus disease have been effectively controlled in the industry. One day of inoculation of anti-goose scorpion serum 0.5ml / only, 14 days of inoculation of goose plague attenuated vaccine 1 / only, pre-production Inoculate 2 to 3 inactivated vaccines per bird; Inoculate 1 to 5 goose paramyxovirus vaccines at 20 to 30 days of age, inoculate 2 to 3 pigs before starting production, and vaccinate against bird flu at 2 to 4 weeks of age 0.5 Ml/only, boosted once every 3 months, 1 ml each time. Although E. coli is more difficult at present, it is a conditional pathogenic bacteria. It is necessary to strengthen the feeding and management in peacetime and improve the disease prevention and control measures. When the disease occurs, sensitive drugs can be used for treatment.
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