Rice soil testing and formula fertilization should master the principles of set production by soil, fixed fertilizer by production, deficiency due to deficiency, organic-inorganic combination, balanced application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
One is to test the soil. Soil testing is the premise of soil testing and formulating fertilization. By analyzing soil nutrients, we can accurately grasp soil nutrient status and fertilizer supply performance, and provide scientific basis for formula fertilization.
The second is to have a good formula. Formulation is the key to fertilization. On the basis of soil testing, according to the soil characteristics, cultivation habits, crop manure requirements, production levels and climate conditions, combined with the previous year's yield levels to determine the target yield, and then according to the effect of fertilizer, put forward nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium The most suitable amount and the best ratio;
The third is with fertilizer (fertilizer). According to the formulation requirements, select high-quality single fertilizer or special fertilizer, compound fertilizer, organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and other fertilizer varieties for scientific matching;
The fourth is the fertilization mode. According to the soil type, the crop's fertility characteristics and fertilizer requirements, formulate the corresponding fertilization mode.
Mainly pay attention to the following aspects:
(1) Apply base fertilizer
Basal fertilizer is dominated by organic fertilizers, supplemented by chemical fertilizers. Organic fertilizer is a complete fertilizer containing various nutrients. In addition to nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, it also contains sodium, magnesium, sulfur, calcium, and various trace elements. Applying organic fertilizer can improve the ventilation performance of the soil and improve the performance of maintaining fertilizer and water. Promote the steady growth of rice plants, which will help rice to obtain high yield and quality. Farmyard fertilizers must use mature farmyard fertilizers.
(2) Control nitrogen fertilizer
Appropriate application of nitrogen fertilizer rice can promote the growth of rice plants, but excessive application will not only result in increased ineffective tiller, turning green, lodging, disease and pest intensification, but also leading to more empty grains, seed setting rate, affecting rice yield. Therefore, in the growth and development of rice, we must pay attention to control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer.
(3) Pay attention to the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers
Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are indispensable elements for the growth and development of rice, which can increase the activity of the plant, promote the synthesis and operation of nutrients, strengthen photosynthesis, extend the functional period of the leaves, make the grain full and full, and increase production. Phosphorus fertilizer is suitable for base fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer is better for topdressing.
(4) Appropriately supplement the trace elements
The medium-gravity elements silicon, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur all have the functions of enhancing the stress resistance of rice plants, improving the disease resistance of plants, and promoting the growth of rice. Practice has shown that sulfur fertilizers and silicon-deficient soils are used for the application of silicon fertilizer in sulfur-deficient soils. There is a significant increase in production. Trace elements such as zinc and boron can improve the supply of oxygen in rice roots, increase the stress resistance of rice plants, increase disease resistance of plants, promote root development in the later period, prolong leaf functional period, prevent premature aging, and accelerate the development of flowers. The amount of pollen promotes the germination of the flower buds, which is beneficial to increase the rate of spike formation in rice. It also promotes the growth of large panicles and grains, improves the seed setting rate and the grain filling degree, and thus increases rice yield.
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