Since the adjustment of the agricultural industry structure, the growing area of ​​watermelons in Jinzhou District has continuously increased. In addition, the cycle of watermelon rotation is 7-8 years, which makes the cornices inseparable. After planting heavily, the watermelon wilt disease is serious, resulting in an unrequited harvest, which has become a major bottleneck affecting the development of watermelon production in the entire region. Since 2000, on the basis of experiments and demonstrations, we have carried out the application of grafting technology for watermelons in the region and have achieved remarkable results. First, the economic benefits of grafted watermelon after planting, disease resistance, especially high resistance to wilt disease; plant roots developed, robust growth, fruit set and tidy, high yield, good quality, significant yield increase effect, the average single fruit weight more than 8kg, per mu 5928kg. Grafting of watermelon is more important than that of uncultivated watermelons. The average yield per mu is 1482 kg, and the mu gain is 741 yuan. 32 watermelons are planted for 3 to 4 years and the plants are still not infected with wilt disease. Second, the grafting technique points (A) rootstock selection The selection of rootstock varieties is to improve the survival rate of grafting, to ensure the quality of watermelon, and the key to prevent disease and increase production. Long-grass melon is the ideal rootstock for watermelon grafting. (B) the grafted seedlings were cultivated using a top plug, and the picking melons were sowed earlier than the watermelons for 7 to 8 days so that the rootstock seedlings were larger than the watermelon seedlings for easy grafting. After the rootstock seeds are germinated, they are sown directly in the nutrient bowl, one for each pot. After the scion seeds are germinated, they can be sown in seedbeds or seedling trays. When the first true leaves of the rootstock are flat, they are suitable for grafting. Using plug-in, watermelons are sown 7 to 8 days earlier than the pods, and the grafting period is appropriate when the scion leaves grow to a dime coin size. Regardless of the grafting method, the rootstock was irrigated in the evening of grafting 1 day before the grafting, and the rootstock, scion and surrounding environment were disinfected with carbendazim 700 times solution. (3) When the grafting method is inserted first, the growth point of the rootstock is first cut off with a bamboo stick or a blade, and then the bamboo stick with the same thickness as the scion hypocotyl is inserted at the cut of the rootstock at an angle of 45 degrees and the depth is about 0.5. Cm, bamboo sticks are not pulled out. Take the scion 0.5cm below the cotyledon, and cut the wedge surface about 0.5cm from the tip to the root end. Pull out the bamboo stick and insert the cut scion into the hole of the rootstock so that the cotyledons and the scion cotyledons are ten. "" Shape, immediately use a special folder to clamp the interface, the grafted nutrients closely arranged in the seedbed, the small arch covered with a film. Plug-in, use the same size rootstock and scion, in the 1.0cm below the rootstock, with a blade at a 45 degree angle down a knife, deep to the embryo axis 2/3 to 1/2, length about 0.5cm. Then take the scion at 1.5cm below the cotyledon, incline up a knife, about 0.5cm long, the scion and rootstock incisions fit each other, the blade was "10" shape, and then use the special clip to clamp the interface, into the nutrition bowl. Place nutrients densely in the seedbeds, pour enough water, and buckle small sheds. When planting the interface should be about 3.0cm higher than the surface. (IV) Management after grafting takes about 10 days from grafting to survival. During this period, we must do moisturizing, heat preservation, shading, ventilation and de-emergence. 1. Moisturizing. In order to promote the healing of the interface, within 2 to 3 days after grafting, the greenhouse should be sealed and the humidity in the greenhouse should be saturated. After 2 to 3 days, the humidity reaches 90% to 95%. 2. Insulation. In order to promote the healing of the interface, the temperature in the shed within 2 to 3 days after grafting is maintained at 28 to 30°C during the day and 15 to 18°C ​​at night. After 2 to 3 days, small arches were gradually opened and kept at 28°C during the day and not less than 15°C during the night. Over 35°C or below 10°C affected the survival rate. After 1 week, the grafted grafts basically healed, with temperature ranging from 25 to 28°C during the day and 13 to 14°C at night. 10 days later with the ordinary seedbed management. 3. shading. Within 2 to 3 days after grafting, the sheds should all be sealed, small arches should be covered, and direct sunlight should be used to prevent the seedlings from sprouting. Scattered light and side light were observed in the morning and evening after 3 days, and the light exposure time was appropriately prolonged when the grafted seedlings were not wilting. One week later, the air was started to grow and the seedlings were raised from small to large, gradually increasing ventilation, and the light was strong at noon on sunny days. If the temperature inside the booth is not enough, it can be shady. 4. Cut off the roots. 1 to 2 days after the release of the wind, if the grafted seedlings are not wilting, the scion can be cut off, and a knife can be cut at 1.0 cm on the interface and on the surface. Take 1 to 2 days before cutting the roots and pour the seedbed into water. After the root cut, it is still shading at noon for 1 to 2 days. 5. In addition to Meng. During the growth of the grafted seedlings, the lateral root buds of the grafted seedlings still germinate. If they are not removed in time, the growth of the scions will be affected. Therefore, the buds on the rootstock should be promptly removed, but the scions and cotyledons must not be damaged. Third, the cultivation techniques points (a) timely planting 23 days after grafting, when the seedling grows to 3 leaves and 1 heart, it is suitable for planting. (b) To prevent autogenous rooting, the interface should be about 1cm above the ground and covered with plastic film. Crawling cover straw to prevent the rooting of the scion and the plant's disease. (3) Rootstocks with proper grafting and grafting should have strong roots, strong absorptive capacity, and prosperous plant growth. They should be sparsely planted, and the plant spacing should be generally 140cm60cm to 70cm, and 700-800 mu per plant. (D) reasonable pruning three vine pruning left single melon, the main vine second or third female flower melon, artificially assisted pollination. (5) The growth of grafted seedlings with early control growth is strong. Based on the application of base fertilizer, it is necessary to topically apply fertilizer according to the growth of the plant and reapply the expanded manure. Grafting time increases, the amount of organic fertilizer should also be appropriately increased to enhance the disease resistance of plants. (6) Attention to comprehensive disease prevention and grafting can prevent the occurrence of blight, but can not ignore the mouth arrangement and the number of years of rotation to prevent harm caused by continuous cropping and other diseases. Therefore, watermelon grafting still needs to adopt comprehensive agricultural disease prevention measures and do not ignore the role of pesticide control. (Author: Xue-Wu Zhang EDUCTION Unit: Jinzhou District, Dalian, Liaoning Province Grain and Oil Technology Promotion Center Dengshahe Town, Jinzhou District Agricultural Technology Promotion Station)
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