1, ready before broadcast. Should choose to adapt to the local cultivation of onion varieties, and to use the new seeds collected in the same year, due to the short life of onion seeds, Chen seeds should not be used. Before sowing, it is necessary to choose land that is fertile, loose, and strong in water retention and that has not been planted with onions and Garlic vegetables for 2 to 3 years. Apply basal fertilization, shallow plough fine mash, make 1-2 meters wide rake, in the Yangtze River valley and the area south of the need to do deep trench sorghum, ditch depth of about 20 cm. 2, sowing time and sowing method. Autumn onion sowing needs to select the appropriate sowing date. If sowing is too early, the winter seedlings are too large, and in the second spring, it is easy to convulsive in the early stages and the normal bulbs do not form. When the seeds are sown too late, the seedlings are too small, they are susceptible to freezing in winter, and the survival rate is low. According to the test, generally wintering before freezing to seedlings to stem diameter 0.5 to 0.6 cm, with 3 to 4 leaves, plants up to 18 to 24 cm is appropriate. In this way, the rate of early bolting is low and higher bulb yields can be obtained. The Yangtze River basin is mostly planted in the middle or late September and planted in late November. The onion was sown by sowing method, and the seeds were evenly spread on the flattened surface, and 3.5 to 4 kg were sown per acre seedbed. After sowing, the seeds were dropped into the topsoil and slightly repressed. Cover grass and water to prevent soil compaction after drought and heavy rain. When the seedlings unearthed, timely removal of cover grass. 3, seedling period management. To cultivate age-appropriate seedlings, it is necessary to prevent the seedlings from growing too large and cause convulsions in advance, and to avoid thin growth, and it is difficult for the seedlings to overwinter. Through the control of water and fertilizer to regulate the growth of seedlings, the seedlings can reach the age-matching standards. Before the emergence of the soil to keep the soil moist, so that the seedlings successfully unearthed, the entire emergence period of about 10 to 15 days. Afterwards, depending on the weather conditions, it is appropriate to water, and it is usually poured once every 10 days. If it is found that the growth of seedlings is thin, 0.5% urea and Other diluted fertilizer water may be applied, and 5 to 10 kg of fertilizer may be used per acre, or 1000 to 1500 kg of cooked urine may be applied to 10%. Pay attention to weeding 1 or 2 times at seedling stage, pay attention to inspection and control of underground pests. 4, strict selection of seedlings and colonization. When planting onion, the seedlings should be selected strictly, and the excessively large seedlings with the thick roots, no growth points, excessive short diameters, pseudo-stem diameters below 0.4 cm, and coarse stems exceeding 0.7 cm should be excluded. Choose a moderately strong seedling with rough stems ranging from 0.5 to 0.7 cm (chopsticks to pencils). The seedlings are sorted by size and planted separately, which can make the field plants grow neatly and uniformly, and it is easy to manage. The seedlings are given more water and fertilizer to promote growth. Set the depth of the cover soil to bury the bulb, and do not pour the seedling after watering. Colonization is too deep, bulb expansion by the soil squeezed, planted too shallow, poor root growth, the winter appears prone to "rooting" phenomenon of frozen soil, so that frozen seedlings die. Some even make the bulbs turn green and affect the quality of their products. 5, winter management. Planting seedlings immediately before the winter watering, a small amount of overwintering fertilizer after survival, so that the plants to restore growth for a certain period of time, and can grow 1-2 new leaves after the winter. Such as soil drought should be poured enough water to infiltrate the soil, no water on the ground for the degree. 6, spring and summer management. After the spring, when the average temperature reached 15 to 16°C, the plants entered a period of vigorous growth and the soil was kept moist. In this period, we should diligently cultivating and loosening soil, increase the amount of watering, and top-dressing 1 or 2 times, applying 500 to 800 kg of urea-fertilizer per acre or 10 to 15 kg of urea, and 5 to 7.5 kg of potassium sulfate to ensure plant growth. Strong growth needs. As the temperature rises, plant growth slows down and bulbs begin to swell. When bulblets increase to about 3 cm (larger), bulbs have entered the expansion period and sufficient water and fertilizer supply should be ensured. In order to promote the expansion of the bulb, it is necessary to timely apply a diluted manure water, and apply 700 to 1,000 kg of manure or 10 to 15 kg of urea per mu. When the phosphorus stems continue to grow to 4-5 centimeters (large walnuts), the fertilizer is chased once again. The application of urea is 15 to 20 kg per mu, and potassium sulfate is 5 to 10 kg. In case of drought and watering, watering once every 4 to 5 days to keep the soil surface moist; remove water in time after rain and prevent it from being affected. Watering was stopped 10 days before the harvest to enrich the onion tissue and mature it sufficiently for storage. 7, harvest. The onion bulbs are mature and suitable for harvesting: the first to the second leaves of the plant are yellow, the third to the fourth leaves are still green, the pseudostems are dehydrated and the ground is naturally lodging. The harvest should be conducted on a sunny day. The whole plant is uprooted and allowed to dry in the field for 1 to 2 days. When drying, the leaves cover the onion, only the leaves do not dry their heads; they can promote the ripening of the bulbs, dry the skin, and facilitate storage. China Agricultural Network Editor
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