The mudskipper is a general name for the eel-bearing fish family. It is commonly known as a jumping shark, a shellfish, and a fish jumper. Warm-water and warm-temperature small-sized inshore fishes are widely distributed in the west coast of Africa, India, Pacific waters, tropical New Hebrides, and subtropical shallow coastal waters (not available in Meizhou). . There are not many types of mudskippers, and there are six major species in China's coastal areas. There are 4 genera in 3 genera along the coast of Zhejiang Province. They are the mudskipper fish, the big mudskipper, the green mudskipper, and the big green mudskipper. Bullet fish is a small food fish, delicious meat, short food chain, low cost of cultivation, low investment cost, less fish disease, easy to develop, live fish resistant to long-distance transportation, nutrient-rich, nourishing functions for Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan, The masses of food and beverages widely considered by the masses in Guangdong have a large amount of domestic and international demand. The major salamander is the main species in the eel-bearing culture. The morphological characteristics of the big salamanders Boleophthalmns Pectinirostris (Linnaeus) (Figures 3 to 15), body extended, the front near the cylindrical shape, the tail side of the flat, dorsal, ventral edge flat. The head is large and slightly flat. Kiss short and blunt, larger than eyes. The eyes are high, close to each other, protruding from the back of the head, the lower eyelid is detached, and the eyes are narrowly spaced, like a vertical ditch. The mouth is large, the subendian, flat fissure, the upper jaw is longer, and the maxilla extends below the back of the eye. The two jaws were in a single row and the upper teeth were fine, with 2 to 4 canines in the front, large jaws in the jaw, and a horizontal, truncated tooth with 1 pair of canine teeth at each joint. No teeth were found on the vomer, cheekbones and tongue. The tongue is large and thick, round and free. The upper lip folds are well developed, with a few ridges in the center. The lower lip pleats are short. They are located at the mouth of the mouth and are large in the sacral area. The diaphragm is connected to the isthmus, the isthmus is wide, and the cuspids are short. The body and head are covered with round scales, the front scales are small, and the posterior scales are larger. The pectoral fin base is also covered with fine round scales, with no lateral lines. There are two dorsal fins, the first dorsal fin is tall, and the fin spines are elongated; the second dorsal fin is low, the basal extension, and the fins extend beyond the caudal fin base. The arm fins are low and prolonged, and the last few fins are elongated; the pectoral fins are long and slightly pointed; the ventral fin reads a suction cup with complete edges; the caudal fins are rounded. Dorsal-brown, ventral pale, dark blue with first dorsal fins with irregular white dots; second dorsal fin blue, with 4 longitudinal white spots, pale fins, pectoral and pelvic fins gray, caudal fins blackish, sometimes with White dots. Second, living habits (a) habitat habits The smear fish can use the pectoral and caudal fins to crawl or jump on the water, beaches and rocks. The big salamander can be used as a breathing aid for the inner cavity, skin and tail. As long as the body is moist, it can expose the surface of the water for a long time. It is a wide temperature, wide salt fish of warm water. The killing of mudskipper fish in freshwater for more than ten days can cause death. The water temperature of 14-30C grows faster, and the caves are hidden below 14C. Bulldog fish are more resistant to harsh water than ordinary fish, and have the same habits as freshwater jaundice. They can infiltrate into perforations, and numerous openings can be seen in the mudflats. In general, there must be more than two holes in the hole, one is a positive hole, and the other is a hole in the back hole (commonly known as the back hole). The positive hole is the entrance and exit, and the rear hole is free from the flow of water and air. Holes in the cave are not regular, and they are often of the "y" or "U" type. The depth and length of the channel vary depending on the nature of the substrate. Soft mud paint is deeper and can reach 50 to 70 cm. Holes are generally exclusive. However, there are often male and female points in the breeding season. A spawning room was also made in the tunnel of the mudskipper fish. (b) The fish of the big-headed mudskipper live on the tidal flats below the coast of the open sea and under the estuary high tide area. They grapple on the mudflats during sunny days and Feed on the mudflats. They feed on benthic algae, tiny insects and other small creatures on the beach. According to the analysis of gastric contents, the eel-applied fish were mainly food-adherent algae. At the time of ebbing or draining the bottom of pool water, it is common to see mudflated fish feeding on benthic algae, that is, the squats touch the surface of the mudflats and, like the ploughs, crawl forward with the head swinging to sow the benthic algae. There is no habit of food smearing between the mudskipper fish. Artificial breeding uses fertilization to cultivate the basic food and promotes the growth of mudskipper fish. (c) Breeding and growth Large-scale mudskipper fish sexual mature individuals 12 to 15 cm, weight 30 to 40 grams, breeding season from April to September, the peak period of 5 to July. Natural spawning in the beach caves, ovulation, deep fertilized eggs, natural hatching. When sexually mature, the reproductive pores of females are red and swollen, large and round; the gonads of males are narrow and elongated and pointed. The ovaries are yellow, and the eggs produced are sticky, round, light yellow, and transparent. Females have 1 to 25,000 fertilized eggs, and one end of the egg membrane has a clump of filaments, which can be attached to other objects. The egg diameter is 0.51 to 0.61 mm. The fertilized eggs have a water temperature of 26.5 to 29.0C and a salinity of 25 to 27 degrees. The larva hatched after 87 hours of passage and it can grow to 13 mm after one month. Two male seminal vesicles were pale red strips on the abdomen. The big salamander fish grows quickly. The early larvae have good environmental conditions. The benthic algae-rich areas can grow to 12-13 cm in the year and reach commercial specifications. After two years, it can reach the product specifications. The lifespan of mudskippers is generally 3 to 5 years and the maximum order is 7 years. Third, the big salamander fish farming (a) site and Jianchi coastal high tide beach, saline and alkali can be used to build large salamander fish breeding site. The requirements for building the pool are as follows: The bottom of the pool is flat and the mud is good. Sandy or excessive sand, caves are easy to collapse, it is not suitable for mud fish burrowing life. It is advisable to farm about 10 mu of land, which should not be too large to facilitate daily production management. In the pond, a central groove and a ring groove with a depth of 0.3 to 0.5 meters will be drilled to provide a place for the sunbathing and high temperature bullock fish to inhabit. The area of ​​the ditch is generally about 1/4 to 1/5. Beach surface for fertilization to cultivate benthic diatoms. The embankment should be sturdy and watertight, with an intake and a drainage system, and be slightly deepened at the inlet (ie inside the gate). Make it into a shallow pool for use when laying a net for harvesting. A fence is set around the pool to prevent the fish from running off the embankment. (b) Seed selection, transportation and stocking Seed selection: At present, the seedling species required for large-scale mudskipper basically depend on the natural sea area for catching. However, other fish seedlings such as mudskipper fish and tigerfish are frequently found, and they must be subdivided in order to improve the economic benefits of breeding. The main distinguishing feature: the big salamander fish is a relatively long spindle and the smeared fish is a shorter spindle. The large eel seedlings for breeding require the fins to be complete, the scales are complete, the body surface is harmless, lively and robust. For drug capture or hook catch (larger specifications) are generally not suitable for use. 2. Seed transport: transport loading tools, a small number of fry can be used baskets, buckets loaded, in a large number and long-distance transport should use a special loading tool - big smeared fish carrying baskets to ensure safety. The carrying baskets are basically similar to the crab seedlings box and can also be replaced with crab seedlings. All sides are made of wooden planks, each side has a rectangular sand window, and the bottom of the basket is covered with plastic screens or polyethylene nets. The upper basket and the lower basket may overlap, and the overlapped structure of the yin and yang seams may be avoided. Transportation method: Put 2 to 2.5 kilograms per basket (depending on the size of the individual). Put every 5 baskets together, tightly tied with ropes, and cover them with wet sponge or wet cloth at the top. Before shipment, spray once with seawater, spray once every two hours or so, and then raise them in the room or in a large spacecraft after the destination. When the density is high, inflate them to avoid hypoxia. 3. Seed stocking: seed stocking and fish disinfection, acquisition and field shipments of seedlings to be raised by indoor containers or pools, generally holding time is 1 to 2 days. In the water body, disinfecting is performed with furacillin or furazolidone at a concentration of 1 to 1.5 ppm, and parasites and bacteria are removed from body surfaces, calves, and the like. Stocking density, seed stocking density control according to the size of the fish body in the 3 to 10 tail /?, small size and more put, large size and less put. Restocking methods: As the large-scale mudskipper fish will not be sterilized in the same category, the seedlings can be raised in batches, and they can be caught at any time, catching up to stay small, and improving the economic benefits of breeding. (III) Breeding Management 1. Frequently fertilize the kiln floor to increase and supplement the number of food organisms in the pond. The big salamander fishes feed on benthic diatoms. They are generally reared by basic stocks that have been stocked. They grow faster in the early stages of culture. Afterwards, they frequently use the drying floor to fertilize and cultivate benthic diatoms. There are enough bait foundations in the pond to maintain the growth of the big salamander. speed. Usually pay close attention to changes in water quality, when the water quality appears turbid phenomenon, the lack of surface pool food, you need to drain the pool water, the sun floor fertilizer, promote benthic algae breeding. 2. Water quality management. The big salamander is an inshore type of estuary. It does not require high salinity of seawater, and the cultivation of food organisms is suitable for low salinity. Therefore, the breeding environment and salinity should not be too high. 3. Clear the enemy. The major bullets have fewer diseases, but they must be guarded against predators. Their greatest predators are spotted-tailed tigerfish, spear-tailed tigerfish, and should be drained at any time. For the fiddler crab, phase hand crab, long crab, big eye crab, thick crab and other timely removal, to prevent damage to the dam. (d) Harvest 1. Harvest season: In addition to the wintering season (December to February), it can be collected for many years. The amount of fishing should be determined according to market demand. 2. Fishing methods: Large-scale mudskipper fish fishing methods include scorpion nets, cage traps, and trampling nets. When catching, catch small and keep small or keep broodstock hatching for winter. Slug net method: drain the pool water first, use the big mudskipper fish to trace water habits, and lay a net on the inside of the gate, then the tide will rise and the fish will be caught on the net. Cage catching method: The bamboo cage has a long cylinder shape, and the cage has a "reverse-to-be" device to prevent escape and open at the tail to remove the catch. After coating the surface of the dew, at the entrance hole of the fishing hole, first excavate the topsoil to the slightly curved part of the mouth, insert the cage mouth, and seal the rear hole with a flood, so that the big salamander will automatically enter the cage. Stepping on the net: Step on the net and use two bamboo poles to cross each other, bend at the four ends, connect the ropes into a rectangle, and enclose the net with the net on the bottom and three sides (minimum 0.5cm), and keep the water depth in the pool 10-20cm. On one side of the net, facing the edge of the gully slope with a certain slope, the foot was stamped on the trench, forcing the big bullet coated fish out of the hole and ran into the net.
Color Additives In Food ,Food Additive ,Food AdditiveÂ
Vitajoy Biotech Co., Ltd. , http://www.suaminoacids.com