The production of strains cultivated by edible fungi is a pure culture process, which requires that the culture medium must be completely sterile, so that the inserted strains are in a nutrient environment with only autobiological organisms and grow robustly without competitive antagonistic rejection. , It exerts the greatest potential for biological growth, so that a large number of new and excellent mycelium is a high-quality strain that can be used in production before it can exert the greatest biological efficiency of the species in future production.
Therefore, the asepsis of the culture medium in the production of strains is of vital importance. In the production process, the culture medium is to be sterilized. The method of sterilizing the culture medium is selected to be the most operable method, that is, high-pressure steam sterilization. method.
The sterilizing principle of the high-pressure steam sterilization method is the effect that the vapor temperature increases with the increase of the pressure after the closed vapor generates a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure, and the high temperature heat vapor is used to transfer the accumulated temperature to kill microorganisms.
The tool equipment for the high pressure steam sterilization method is a high pressure steam sterilization pot. This kind of equipment is available on the market, with large or small volumes, and the gas supply and temperature control methods vary. From the perspective of feedback and investigation based on user use information, the high-pressure steam sterilizer used in large-scale production was the patented product of Shandong Zhucheng Lianggong Machinery Co., Ltd. for both quality, sterilization effect, and after-sales and price advantage. With energy-saving environmental sterilization pot.
The author has been engaged in the cultivation of edible fungi for more than 26 years since 1987. Now he is working in Heidelberg Edible Fungi Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Qixia City, Yantai City, Shandong Province. He is using Zhucheng Lianggong Machinery Co., Ltd. of Shandong Province. The company's products of high-pressure steam sterilization pot, the following, the author of the company's equipment as an example, talk about the sterilization process of bacteria production, talk about the complete sterilization of bacteria culture medium is how to achieve.
First, selection
The production of strains in the large-scale production of edible mushroom cultivation is a mass production process. Because a large amount of single production is used, large-scale sterilization equipment is used, and a volume of one or two cubic meters or volume can be selected according to the production volume. Ten cubic meters of equipment.
The Zhucheng Lianggong Machinery Co., Ltd. of Shandong Province has two advantages in both energy-saving and environmental-friendly retort, and it is free of boiler gas supply. This kind of sterilizing boiler is self-heated with coal, old bacterium, or wood as fuel. The gas-generating integrated device can be used at room temperature and high temperature, which not only reduces the cost of installing the boiler, saves the cost of employment of the furnace operator, but more importantly, it warms up quickly and saves fuel, saving more than 50% energy than conventional sterilizing pots. The effect is very obvious. And this equipment has no smoke during the work process, and has won the third prize of environmental protection and scientific and technological progress of the Shandong Environmental Protection Agency and Environmental Protection Society, and is recommended for environmental protection and energy conservation. Everyone can choose the model configuration according to their own production scale.
Second, debugging
Before using the equipment for the first time, the staff must read the instructions for use of the equipment in detail and strictly abide by the operating instructions in the operating instructions of the high-pressure steam sterilization equipment. Before each use, check whether the equipment is in good condition.
Third, the operation process
1. When placing the object to be sterilized, do not overcrowd and allow the vapor to pass smoothly between the individual units.
2, in order to shorten the sterilization operation time, sterilization equipment can be pre-heated.
3. When the sterilizing equipment is closed, pay attention to that the bolt cannot be tightened too tightly so as to avoid aging of the gasket.
4. In order to shorten the sterilization operation time, after the temperature is closed, the exhaust valve may be pre-opened to allow the air to overflow during the warming process. When there is steam rushing out, the exhaust valve is closed; the container pressure gauge indicates the container When the internal air pressure reaches 0.5kg/cm2, temporarily control the heating source, open the exhaust valve and let it out. After the pressure gauge indicates that the pressure has dropped to zero, open the heating source and close the exhaust port when the exhaust outlet has steam out. , enter the sterilizing warming state. This section requires that the air be completely removed from the container. After the pressure gauge shows that the required working pressure has been reached (not exceeding the rated operating pressure of the equipment manual), the heat source is adjusted according to the function of the equipment to control the temperature and maintain the sterilization time.
5. After the sterilization is completed, close the heating system and slowly return the pressure gauge pointer to zero. At this time, open the closing bolt of the hatch and check if the door is easy to open; if the sterilization operation does not drain the air, the container cannot be formed into a negative pressure chamber. The door can be easily opened so that it must be re-sterilized; if the door cannot be opened due to negative pressure, then air is slowly let in by opening the exhaust valve as small as the earth, and then the half-open door is left with a narrow and suitable gap for steam. Spill, dry the dressing of the material to be sterilized, and then dispose of the material according to the procedure of the object to be sterilized to complete the sterilizing operation.
6. After the sterilization is completed, the water in the container is drained and the condition before use is restored.
Fourth, the process of key aspects of attention
1. Perform safety and performance checks before each use.
2. When the pressure in the sterilization chamber reaches 0.15MPa, the temperature should be 126-127°C (if the imbalance indicates that the air in the sterilization chamber is not exhausted), the sterilization time begins.
3, the general raw material medium sterilization time of 1.5 hours, wheat, corn kernels and fermentation medium sterilization time of 2.5 hours, the length of sterilization of wood strip species more than 3.5 hours.
4. After the sterilization time, keep the steam pressure in the sterilization chamber between 0.14 and 0.16 MPa, and continue to sterilize between 125-127°C. The smaller the fluctuating rate is, the better the pressure difference between the space in the sterilizing chamber and the container space of the object to be sterilized is rapidly prevented, resulting in the result that the container seal of the sterilized object is broken.
There must not be any time when the vapor pressure and temperature exceed the above range.
5. After the sterilization is completed, the heat source is controlled so that the pressure in the sterilization chamber is naturally reduced to zero (the lower the pressure, the better the pressure difference between the space in the sterilization chamber and the space of the container to be sterilized is rapidly prevented, thereby causing the container to be sealed by the sterilization object. The result of being broken), and then can be opened to remove the sterilized material.
6. If the bactericidal temperature during sterilization is lower than 123°C, increase the bactericidal time by 5 minutes after the temperature rises every 1 minute.
V. Quality Standards of Sterilization Procedures
1. The medium bottle or bag is free from damage, deformation, collapse of the ventilation hole, plugging and opening of the seal.
2. Sterilization is complete and there are no living organisms in the culture bag.
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