First, the selection of planted good varieties usually choose Kate apricot, golden sun apricot, new century apricot, Hongfeng apricot, early lotus apricot, early golden apricot and other varieties as the main cultivars, these varieties have strong self-cultivation ability, complete flower ratio, Frost-resistant, late flowering, early fruit and high yield. Pollination trees should be selected from the same varieties as the main cultivars, which have the same economic value, can produce large amounts of pollen and have high pollen germination rate, such as red lotus, harvest 29 apricot, and greenhouse king.
Second, timely fertilizer increase tree nutrient accumulation, improve flower bud quality, is to increase apricot fruit set rate, increase the amount of effective measures. The base fertilizer is applied in the fall from late September to early October. Basal fertilizer consists mainly of manure and human waste. The amount of fertilizer depends on the age of the tree, the vigor of the tree, the amount of fertilizer, and the type of fertilizer. In general, 5000 kg of organic manure per acre, 50 kg of diammonium phosphate, and 50 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer are used. . Before the apricot flowering, the topdressing nitrogen fertilizer supplements the deficiency of the nutrient storage of the tree to ensure uniform flowering, good pollination, and increase the fruit setting rate. Generally, 6 to 10 years old trees apply 0.5 kg of urea. After flowering, quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer and appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can make up for the consumption of nutrients in flowering, increase fruit setting rate, promote young fruit development and prevent physiological fruit drop. Usually can be applied to 0.4 kg of urea, 0.3 kg of diammonium phosphate, 0.2 kg of potassium sulfate, can also be applied to fruit trees or compound fertilizer 1 kg. After fertilization, it should be watered timely according to the public opinion. In addition, the leaves are sprayed every 7 to 10 days. After fruit-picking, foliar spraying and early-stage basal fertilization in autumn can restore tree vigor in time, increase tree nutrient accumulation, and reduce the proportion of degraded flowers.
Third, a reasonable watering flowering period to minimize watering, very dry, a small amount of water, drip irrigation as well. Water is controlled after the fruit is colored to promote coloration and maturation. Avoid flooding and reduce the humidity by ventilation and covering the film.
Fourth, application of paclobutrazol caused by falling shoots caused by the growth of long shoots, can be sprayed on the new shoots in the short-stem after spraying 0.1% concentration of paclobutrazol, or 15 to 20 days after flowering, according to 0.5 to 0.8 g/m2 The dose of the tree tray was treated with paclobutrazol.
5. Reasonable pruning During the full fruit period, the apricot tree grows with the age of the tree, and results are gradually increased. The fine dense branches and the dense fruit-like fruit branches are appropriately thinned, and the sparse fruit is rationally reduced to reduce the deterioration of the flower organ due to the weakening of the result. The pruning is resumed after the fruit period to restore and maintain the tree vigor. Pruning before decaling is mainly sparse, removing squid, weak branches, dense branches and erect leggy branches to concentrate nutrients.
6. Promptly tying the sheds According to the low-temperature demand of the species and the weather conditions of the year, it is prudent to decide the time for the sheds to be banned. If the required amount of cold is not satisfied, and the natural dormancy is not finished, that is, the production of the shed is reduced, the fruit setting rate is significantly reduced, and there is no yield.
7. The temperature and humidity of the tube are the important factors for the length of the flowering period. The temperature during the flowering period should be prevented from being too high or too low. A slightly lower flowering temperature will help to prolong the flowering period and improve the pollination effect. 1 germination period. The daytime temperature is maintained between 15°C and 22°C, and not less than 3°C during the night. The humidity in the booth is controlled at 80% to 85%. 2 flowering period. The daytime temperature is maintained at 15°C to 20°C, and the maximum temperature is not to exceed 23°C. The nighttime temperature should not be lower than 7°C. If the temperature is lower than 5°C, manual heating is required. The humidity during flowering is controlled from 50% to 60%. When the humidity is too low, the ground sprays water; 3 Fruit enlargement period. It is controlled at 25°C to 30°C during the day, at least 10°C at night, and the humidity is controlled at about 60%. 4 Harvest period. Daytime control at 26 °C ~ 31 °C, night temperature around 10 °C. Humidity 50% to 60%.
Eight, flowering water spraying flowering period can also improve apricot fruit setting rate. This is because the water spray increases the humidity of the apricot and the opportunity for pollen to come into contact with the stigma. This creates conditions for fertilization and allows the pollen to germinate rapidly.
Nine, flowering spray spraying 0.2% urea and 0.15% borax in the flowering period, can effectively improve the fruit setting rate. Spraying 50 mg/l gibberellin, or 100 mg/l cytokinin, 600 mg/l rare earth, etc. at full flowering and young fruit stage can increase fruit setting rate, and increase chlorophyll content and promote fruit enlargement.
Ten, bee pollination Apricot cultivation in a greenhouse under normal circumstances 25 to 30 days after the shed, that is, in early February, when the bee is still in hibernation, in order to lift its dormancy, 1 to 2 days before flowering, the beehive moved into the greenhouse Take exercise to promote it to go out. At the same time, place a flat plate at the entrance of the hive. Place a little sugar and water in the plate. The water depth should not exceed 0.4 cm. General greenhouses below the area of ​​acres, put 1 to 2 boxes of bees per shed can be to strengthen the pollination effect. The temperature during pollination during the flowering period of apricot trees in greenhouses is controlled between 6°C and 16°C, and the maximum temperature does not exceed 18°C.
Eleventh, increase the light It is better to control the height of the apricot tree in the south of the greenhouse to increase the light. Use drip-free film, spray water drops before use, and promptly clean or clean the film. If the temperature permits, early exposing and releasing grass in the evening, if there is no snow and rain on cloudy days, scattered light should be used.
Twelve, thinning and sparse fruit should be started after flower buds sprout, the sooner the better. If the flower buds are in the red period, appropriate removal of bouquet-like fruiting branches on perennial branches can significantly reduce the rate of abortion. According to the ratio of leaves to fruit with 20 ~ 30:1 is appropriate. When the fruit is thinned, it should be firstly debrided, the deformed fruit, and the weak fruit, and then sparsely fruit.
Thirteen, disease prevention and pest control
Before germination, the whole plant is sprayed with 3 to 5 Baume degrees of lime for 1 or 2 times, and once every 10 to 15 days after flowering, 80% of Dasheng M-45 or 70% thiotrazine 600 is sprayed every 10 to 15 days after flowering. ~800 times liquid, even spray 3 to 5 times. When locusts and ticks occur, 10% imidacloprid 1500-2000 dilutions and 15% albuterone 1500-fold sprays can be selected for control.
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