1 The use of a suitable fattening method for feeding lean-type finishing pigs should use a "one-stop" fattening method. Using this method of fattening, it is divided into two stages according to body weight during the entire finishing period, ie, 30-60 kg in the early stage and 60-90 kg in the later stage; or divided into three stages, ie, 20-35 kg in the early stage and 35-35 mm in the middle stage. 60 kg, later 60-90 kg. According to the growth and development of finishing pigs in different stages of the nutritional needs of the characteristics of different levels of nutrition and feeding techniques. Generally from the beginning to the end of finishing, always use a higher level of nutrition, but in the late finishing period, the method of limiting the amount of feeding or reducing the energy level of the diet is appropriate to prevent excessive fat deposition and increase the carcass lean rate. "One-stop" fattening method, the daily weight gain is fast, the fattening period is short, generally 155 ~ 180 days after birth, the body weight can reach about 90 kilograms, so the slaughter rate is high, the economic benefit is good.
2 Reasonably arranging oviposition, epidemic prevention, and castration, epidemic prevention, and deworming of anthelmintic finishing pigs are the three basic technical measures in the breeding process. However, for finishing pigs, this is a strong stimulus and cannot be carried out simultaneously. Should be properly separated.
2.1 Castration If you do not castrate, the unpleasant smell of sex hormones after slaughter, especially boars, tends to be more intense, so castration is required before the start of finishing. Castration time is generally about 20 to 30 days old and weighs about 5 to 7 kg. At this point the piglet has been able to eat normally, the weight is small, and surgery is easier.
2.2 There are no uniform regulations for immunization programs for epidemic prevention and finishing pigs. Usually 20 to 55 to 70 immunization procedures are used, that is, 20 days after birth, piglets are injected with swine fever vaccine, and 55 days of age are injected repeatedly with swine fever vaccine and swine erysipelas, swine plague and paratyphoid paratuberculosis, and 70 days of repeated injections of piglets Paratyphoid bacterin, get a good immune effect.
2.3 The parasites of insecticide-finishing pigs mainly include invertebrates, lungworms, ginger bugs, cockroaches, lice, and other parasites. The first repelling is usually performed at 70 days of age, and the repelling is performed once more at about 130 days of age if necessary.
3 Appropriate herd size and stocking density The finishing density of fattening pigs influences pig weight gain and feed conversion. Too many pigs' heads, or too small a pig's area, will increase the number of bites and reduce the time to sleep and feed intake. In summer, in particular, the high density of captivity increases the humidity in the pig house, adversely affecting the daily gain and the feed conversion rate, and it is also likely to cause pig disease. It is generally advisable to limit feeding to 10 to 15 heads per group and up to 30 heads per group. Under free-feeding conditions, each group can increase to 50. The size of the rearing density of finishing pigs is determined based on body weight and the ground structure of the pig house. Generally, as the weight of fattening pigs increases, the number of heads kept per bar decreases, and the area occupied by each pig increases accordingly. For pig houses with a small playground structure, the smallest floor area of ​​each pig's playground can be the same as that of the inner ring; or the weight is 35 kg, each requires a small playground area of ​​0.20 to 0.30 square meters; weight is 75 kg per head Need 0.25 to 0.35 square meters; weight 100 kg, each need 0.30 to 0.40 square meters. However, in southern China, due to the high temperature and high humidity in summer, the feeding density should be properly reduced to enable pigs to grow normally. A large group of rearing and finishing pigs should have movable boards or activity fences inside the pigsty. The size of the pigsty can be adjusted according to the individual size of the pig. At the same time, pigs with poor growth and development will be transferred to other circles in a timely manner to strengthen feeding.
4 Properly modulate the feed to prepare several main raw materials for fattening pigs with (mixed) feed, such as barley, corn, soybean meal, bran and rice bran, which are generally suitable for raw feeding. The nutritional value of raw feed is high, and the nutritional value after cooking is reduced by approximately 10%. %. However, because soybeans and soybean cake contain antitrypsin inhibitors and other unfavorable substances, they must be subjected to high-temperature heat treatment to destroy unfavorable substances that affect digestion, so as to increase the utilization of protein and amino acids in the bean cake.
5 There were no significant differences in the number of suitable feedings under the same nutrition and feeding management conditions, different daily feeding times, and daily gains of finishing pigs. There was no significant difference in feed consumption per 1 kg of weight gain. China's rearing and finishing pigs are generally fed 3 times a day, and now there are many. It is more appropriate for pig farms and farmers to feed 2 times a day. Feeding 2 times a day is a time in the early morning and late evening. Because of the better appetite in the early evening and early morning pigs, they can feed more feed and increase weight.
6 Feeding methods and feeding methods for daily fattening pigs are generally divided into two types: free-feeding and limited-feeding. The finishing pigs are free to feed, have higher daily weight gain, and have more carcass fat deposits, and consume more feed per kg of weight gain. For limited feeding, the daily weight gain is lower, the carcass fat deposition is less, the lean meat rate is high, and less feed is consumed per kg of weight gain. In the pig production practice, free-feeding is used for the purpose of pursuing high daily gain; if the pursuit of high lean lean meat ratio, the previous period (weight 50-60 kg before) can be used for free feeding and the later period (weight 50-60 kg After) limited feeding combined feeding methods. When using limited group feeding, there should be sufficient feed slots. However, under the free feeding mode, all pigs can not feed at the same time, and the feed slot can be reduced appropriately.
7 The supply of adequate and clean water for finishing pigs is related to body weight, ambient temperature, humidity, diet composition and feed intake. Generally in the winter, the amount of drinking water should be 2 to 3 times the amount of air-dried feed, or about 10% of the body weight; in the spring and autumn, it is 4 times the amount of air-dried feed, or 16% of the body weight; in summer, the amount of air-dried food 5 times, or 23% of body weight. Drinking water equipment is better with automatic drinkers, or a separate water tank in the circle, often maintaining adequate and clean water for pigs to drink freely.
2 Reasonably arranging oviposition, epidemic prevention, and castration, epidemic prevention, and deworming of anthelmintic finishing pigs are the three basic technical measures in the breeding process. However, for finishing pigs, this is a strong stimulus and cannot be carried out simultaneously. Should be properly separated.
2.1 Castration If you do not castrate, the unpleasant smell of sex hormones after slaughter, especially boars, tends to be more intense, so castration is required before the start of finishing. Castration time is generally about 20 to 30 days old and weighs about 5 to 7 kg. At this point the piglet has been able to eat normally, the weight is small, and surgery is easier.
2.2 There are no uniform regulations for immunization programs for epidemic prevention and finishing pigs. Usually 20 to 55 to 70 immunization procedures are used, that is, 20 days after birth, piglets are injected with swine fever vaccine, and 55 days of age are injected repeatedly with swine fever vaccine and swine erysipelas, swine plague and paratyphoid paratuberculosis, and 70 days of repeated injections of piglets Paratyphoid bacterin, get a good immune effect.
2.3 The parasites of insecticide-finishing pigs mainly include invertebrates, lungworms, ginger bugs, cockroaches, lice, and other parasites. The first repelling is usually performed at 70 days of age, and the repelling is performed once more at about 130 days of age if necessary.
3 Appropriate herd size and stocking density The finishing density of fattening pigs influences pig weight gain and feed conversion. Too many pigs' heads, or too small a pig's area, will increase the number of bites and reduce the time to sleep and feed intake. In summer, in particular, the high density of captivity increases the humidity in the pig house, adversely affecting the daily gain and the feed conversion rate, and it is also likely to cause pig disease. It is generally advisable to limit feeding to 10 to 15 heads per group and up to 30 heads per group. Under free-feeding conditions, each group can increase to 50. The size of the rearing density of finishing pigs is determined based on body weight and the ground structure of the pig house. Generally, as the weight of fattening pigs increases, the number of heads kept per bar decreases, and the area occupied by each pig increases accordingly. For pig houses with a small playground structure, the smallest floor area of ​​each pig's playground can be the same as that of the inner ring; or the weight is 35 kg, each requires a small playground area of ​​0.20 to 0.30 square meters; weight is 75 kg per head Need 0.25 to 0.35 square meters; weight 100 kg, each need 0.30 to 0.40 square meters. However, in southern China, due to the high temperature and high humidity in summer, the feeding density should be properly reduced to enable pigs to grow normally. A large group of rearing and finishing pigs should have movable boards or activity fences inside the pigsty. The size of the pigsty can be adjusted according to the individual size of the pig. At the same time, pigs with poor growth and development will be transferred to other circles in a timely manner to strengthen feeding.
4 Properly modulate the feed to prepare several main raw materials for fattening pigs with (mixed) feed, such as barley, corn, soybean meal, bran and rice bran, which are generally suitable for raw feeding. The nutritional value of raw feed is high, and the nutritional value after cooking is reduced by approximately 10%. %. However, because soybeans and soybean cake contain antitrypsin inhibitors and other unfavorable substances, they must be subjected to high-temperature heat treatment to destroy unfavorable substances that affect digestion, so as to increase the utilization of protein and amino acids in the bean cake.
5 There were no significant differences in the number of suitable feedings under the same nutrition and feeding management conditions, different daily feeding times, and daily gains of finishing pigs. There was no significant difference in feed consumption per 1 kg of weight gain. China's rearing and finishing pigs are generally fed 3 times a day, and now there are many. It is more appropriate for pig farms and farmers to feed 2 times a day. Feeding 2 times a day is a time in the early morning and late evening. Because of the better appetite in the early evening and early morning pigs, they can feed more feed and increase weight.
6 Feeding methods and feeding methods for daily fattening pigs are generally divided into two types: free-feeding and limited-feeding. The finishing pigs are free to feed, have higher daily weight gain, and have more carcass fat deposits, and consume more feed per kg of weight gain. For limited feeding, the daily weight gain is lower, the carcass fat deposition is less, the lean meat rate is high, and less feed is consumed per kg of weight gain. In the pig production practice, free-feeding is used for the purpose of pursuing high daily gain; if the pursuit of high lean lean meat ratio, the previous period (weight 50-60 kg before) can be used for free feeding and the later period (weight 50-60 kg After) limited feeding combined feeding methods. When using limited group feeding, there should be sufficient feed slots. However, under the free feeding mode, all pigs can not feed at the same time, and the feed slot can be reduced appropriately.
7 The supply of adequate and clean water for finishing pigs is related to body weight, ambient temperature, humidity, diet composition and feed intake. Generally in the winter, the amount of drinking water should be 2 to 3 times the amount of air-dried feed, or about 10% of the body weight; in the spring and autumn, it is 4 times the amount of air-dried feed, or 16% of the body weight; in summer, the amount of air-dried food 5 times, or 23% of body weight. Drinking water equipment is better with automatic drinkers, or a separate water tank in the circle, often maintaining adequate and clean water for pigs to drink freely.
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