In the soil of vegetable protection land, due to continuous intensification of production year after year, people use a large amount of chemical fertilizers, and the soil covered by greenhouses is not given sufficient rainfall leaching, which causes soil salt accumulation and nutrient imbalance, resulting in low vegetable yield, poor quality, and serious physiological diseases. . The test results prove that to solve this problem, balanced soil fertigation must be implemented.
1. Obstacles to the greenhouse soil
1.1 Degree of Soil Salt Accumulation In recent years, the production of winter-warm greenhouse vegetables in Zhaoyuan City has developed rapidly. In June 2004, the area reached 1.98 million mu. However, in the sheds built in previous years, due to serious salt damage and diseases, some agricultural products had to be reconstructed in different places or to improve land and land in the third year of construction. This affected production and increased costs. In the spring of 2004, the author investigated, analyzed and analyzed 16 greenhouses in eight key villages for greenhouse production. The survey results showed that vegetable farmers did not hesitate to pursue high yields, and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer application was surprisingly high. The average M application of nitrogen fertilizer was 200-300 kg. This is the main source of soil salt in greenhouses. After testing, the soluble salt content in soil was more than 0.34%, which was over 0.25% of the severe indicators of soil in vegetables; the content of available phosphorus in soil was as high as 88mg/kg, which was nearly 5 times higher than the normal value; and the alkaline dissolved nitrogen also exceeded the critical concentration of salt damage. As a result, greenhouse vegetables are prone to salt toxicity, affecting root growth and plant growth.
1.2 Unbalanced nutrients caused by physiological deficiencies and soil acidification and fertilization caused irrational soil nutrient imbalance caused by serious soil acidification. First, less organic fertilizers are used, and the amount of chemical fertilizers affects the quality of vegetables. Second, excessive nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers and lack of potassium fertilizers lead to low fertilizer utilization, high fertilizer costs, and severe fertilizer damage. Third, the application of macronutrients and trace elements in fertilizers is not sufficient. Balanced, due to the presence of antagonistic effects between certain elements, excessive nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers, reducing the effectiveness of calcium, zinc and other nutrients, making the greenhouse susceptible to calcium deficiency caused by dry cabbage heartburn; tomato, sweet pepper umbilical rot The premature decline of cucumber plants, low yield at the later stage, and more bitter gourd; the excessive accumulation of nitrogen fertilizer, resulting in a large accumulation of nitrate nitrogen, combined with a small amount of organic fertilizer input, poor soil buffering, and other reasons, resulting in serious acidification of the soil, vegetable easy to die, growth point Necrosis and other symptoms.
2, greenhouse soil fertilization technology
2.1 Addition of Organic Fertilizer Firstly, the organic fertilizer is applied to the deck to regulate the physical and chemical properties such as soil salinity, pH, and buffering properties. Usually, 3000 to 4000 kg of rotten organic fertilizer per season is appropriate. Second, crop straw is used. To return to the field, seize the greenhouse summer leisure season, a large number of buried raw straw, the use of low nitrogen and high carbon straw to absorb the free nitrogen in the soil, this work can be combined with greenhouse pest disinfection, can be To remove salt, fertilization, sterilization and other effects, in one fell swoop.
2.2 Balanced fertilization by soil testing The high soil salinity is mainly caused by the excessive use of chemical fertilizers. Therefore, the method of customary fertilization should be changed and balanced fertilization by soil testing should be used. The practice is: First of all, the soil is analyzed and analyzed to find out the content of soil nutrients. According to the planned yield and soil fertility, scientifically calculate the amount of fertilizer; secondly, adjust the amount according to the type of vegetables and the output, and generally the amount of vegetable fertilizer per quarter. Pure nitrogen 14 ~ 18kg/667 square meters, phosphorus pentoxide 5 ~ 8kg/667 square meters, potassium oxide 18 ~ 22kg/667 square meters. The root and tuber vegetables were mainly phosphorus and potash fertilizers, with nitrogenous fertilizer; leafy vegetables were mainly nitrogenous fertilizers, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were applied in proper amounts; fruits and vegetables were mainly nitrogen and potassium, and phosphate fertilizers were used. The appropriate amount of micro-fertilizer and bio-fertilizer are also used. For greenhouse vegetables susceptible to boron deficiency, calcium, zinc, etc., you can choose to use high-efficiency fast-dissolving boron fertilizer, calcium chloride, zinc sulfate and other trace fertilizers, and its method can be combined spraying multiple fertilization. At the same time, biological potash fertilizer is used, which has the functions of transforming potassium, phosphorus, iron, silicon and other elements in the soil and producing various biological regulators. It plays an important role in improving vegetable yield, improving quality, reducing production costs, and protecting the environment.
2.3 Adjusting soil pH Soil acidification in greenhouses is a serious soil barrier, which seriously affects the growth of vegetables. The adjustment measures are scientific fertilization, try not to use superphosphate, chlorine fertilizer and other acidic fertilizers and physiological acid fertilizers, use calcium, magnesium phosphate, potassium sulfate and other fertilizers, so that they can adjust soil acidity, but also can add magnesium, calcium, Sulfur and other elements improve the quality of vegetables. Second, for soils with a pH less than 5, when ploughing, the lime per mu should be mixed with 80-120 kg of lime to fully mix the soil, which can increase the soil pH and kill the soil virus.
1. Obstacles to the greenhouse soil
1.1 Degree of Soil Salt Accumulation In recent years, the production of winter-warm greenhouse vegetables in Zhaoyuan City has developed rapidly. In June 2004, the area reached 1.98 million mu. However, in the sheds built in previous years, due to serious salt damage and diseases, some agricultural products had to be reconstructed in different places or to improve land and land in the third year of construction. This affected production and increased costs. In the spring of 2004, the author investigated, analyzed and analyzed 16 greenhouses in eight key villages for greenhouse production. The survey results showed that vegetable farmers did not hesitate to pursue high yields, and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer application was surprisingly high. The average M application of nitrogen fertilizer was 200-300 kg. This is the main source of soil salt in greenhouses. After testing, the soluble salt content in soil was more than 0.34%, which was over 0.25% of the severe indicators of soil in vegetables; the content of available phosphorus in soil was as high as 88mg/kg, which was nearly 5 times higher than the normal value; and the alkaline dissolved nitrogen also exceeded the critical concentration of salt damage. As a result, greenhouse vegetables are prone to salt toxicity, affecting root growth and plant growth.
1.2 Unbalanced nutrients caused by physiological deficiencies and soil acidification and fertilization caused irrational soil nutrient imbalance caused by serious soil acidification. First, less organic fertilizers are used, and the amount of chemical fertilizers affects the quality of vegetables. Second, excessive nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers and lack of potassium fertilizers lead to low fertilizer utilization, high fertilizer costs, and severe fertilizer damage. Third, the application of macronutrients and trace elements in fertilizers is not sufficient. Balanced, due to the presence of antagonistic effects between certain elements, excessive nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers, reducing the effectiveness of calcium, zinc and other nutrients, making the greenhouse susceptible to calcium deficiency caused by dry cabbage heartburn; tomato, sweet pepper umbilical rot The premature decline of cucumber plants, low yield at the later stage, and more bitter gourd; the excessive accumulation of nitrogen fertilizer, resulting in a large accumulation of nitrate nitrogen, combined with a small amount of organic fertilizer input, poor soil buffering, and other reasons, resulting in serious acidification of the soil, vegetable easy to die, growth point Necrosis and other symptoms.
2, greenhouse soil fertilization technology
2.1 Addition of Organic Fertilizer Firstly, the organic fertilizer is applied to the deck to regulate the physical and chemical properties such as soil salinity, pH, and buffering properties. Usually, 3000 to 4000 kg of rotten organic fertilizer per season is appropriate. Second, crop straw is used. To return to the field, seize the greenhouse summer leisure season, a large number of buried raw straw, the use of low nitrogen and high carbon straw to absorb the free nitrogen in the soil, this work can be combined with greenhouse pest disinfection, can be To remove salt, fertilization, sterilization and other effects, in one fell swoop.
2.2 Balanced fertilization by soil testing The high soil salinity is mainly caused by the excessive use of chemical fertilizers. Therefore, the method of customary fertilization should be changed and balanced fertilization by soil testing should be used. The practice is: First of all, the soil is analyzed and analyzed to find out the content of soil nutrients. According to the planned yield and soil fertility, scientifically calculate the amount of fertilizer; secondly, adjust the amount according to the type of vegetables and the output, and generally the amount of vegetable fertilizer per quarter. Pure nitrogen 14 ~ 18kg/667 square meters, phosphorus pentoxide 5 ~ 8kg/667 square meters, potassium oxide 18 ~ 22kg/667 square meters. The root and tuber vegetables were mainly phosphorus and potash fertilizers, with nitrogenous fertilizer; leafy vegetables were mainly nitrogenous fertilizers, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were applied in proper amounts; fruits and vegetables were mainly nitrogen and potassium, and phosphate fertilizers were used. The appropriate amount of micro-fertilizer and bio-fertilizer are also used. For greenhouse vegetables susceptible to boron deficiency, calcium, zinc, etc., you can choose to use high-efficiency fast-dissolving boron fertilizer, calcium chloride, zinc sulfate and other trace fertilizers, and its method can be combined spraying multiple fertilization. At the same time, biological potash fertilizer is used, which has the functions of transforming potassium, phosphorus, iron, silicon and other elements in the soil and producing various biological regulators. It plays an important role in improving vegetable yield, improving quality, reducing production costs, and protecting the environment.
2.3 Adjusting soil pH Soil acidification in greenhouses is a serious soil barrier, which seriously affects the growth of vegetables. The adjustment measures are scientific fertilization, try not to use superphosphate, chlorine fertilizer and other acidic fertilizers and physiological acid fertilizers, use calcium, magnesium phosphate, potassium sulfate and other fertilizers, so that they can adjust soil acidity, but also can add magnesium, calcium, Sulfur and other elements improve the quality of vegetables. Second, for soils with a pH less than 5, when ploughing, the lime per mu should be mixed with 80-120 kg of lime to fully mix the soil, which can increase the soil pH and kill the soil virus.
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