Loofah, also known as Tiansuogua, Tianlu, is an annual grass climbing vine. Loofah originated in Asia and is distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Oceania, Africa, and the Americas. It was cultivated in India before 2000 and was introduced to China in the early 6th century to serve with tender guarana. Loofah is an important raw material for processing Chinese herbal medicines and processing bath products. The roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds of loofah can be used as medicines. Therefore, the development of Loofah has very important significance and broad market prospects. Yumen Yaomen Town is located in Binhai Pingyuan, on the southern bank of Hangzhou Bay. It is the main producing area of ​​Yuyao Loofah. The climatic conditions in this area are conducive to the growth of loofah. These unique natural conditions and the long-term cultivation experience of local farmers have created a complete set of high-density, high-yielding cultivation techniques for loofahs. First, the growth characteristics of sponge gourd Loofah is a creeping plant, need to have a scaffold for its winding growth, melon vines more water in the morning, easy to break, will be soft at noon. It enjoys a warm climate and grows best on sandy, loamy soils rich in organic matter. When moisture is insufficient, production is poor, and in poorly-drained plots or in dry areas, the fruit will be short and small, and the yield will be low. Loofahs can be used as a continuous crop, but they need to be fertilized and used for more legumes. Second, the choice of varieties of loofah varieties, but can be roughly divided into two categories, that is, fresh melon edible and melon after the old melon peeled medicinal or health products. The latter mainly choose the latter. 3. Seedlings are generally cultivated in the vicinity of Qimen Town. The use of this method can shorten the period of seedlings so that the seedlings can grow in a robust manner. The seedlings can be transplanted without damaging the roots, the roots develop well, and the seedlings are resistant to stress. performance. 1, the preparation of nutritious soil. The main fertilizer garden soil 7 plus 3 copies of decomposed pig manure or compost, all raw materials mince finely crushed, sprayed sterilization, pesticide pesticide disinfection, that is made of nutritious soil. 2, seedbed selection. Choose a land with a high dryness, near water source, and moderate fertility. 3, fine sowing. In order to make the loofah grow with enough vegetative growth period, the loofah seeds are generally sowed on March 15th, with 1-2 seeds per pod and some lightly cooked mud on the surface of the pod. Covered with a small shed. Fourth, timely transplanting To ensure the quality of transplanting, loofah seedlings seedling transplanting age is 35-40 days, that is, transplanted before and after April 20th. Transplanting to achieve three bands: the first out of the grafted seedlings, 4 to 5 days before transplanting, to uncover two membranes refining seedlings, while the seedbed mu recover 200-250 kilograms of human waste, plus ammonium bicarbonate 2.5-4 kg. Take medicine from the second zone, 2-3 days before colonization, spray 90% of trichlorfon 800 times in the bed, control or eliminate Wozizi and Huangshougua in the bed, and spray 75% chlorothalonil to prevent downy mildew Disease, anthrax. Three belts are used to protect the roots, and the clam shells are gently removed and gently placed before planting to prevent the loose soil and the seedlings from turning green. The transplanting density is 1,200 plants/mu, which is twice as high as that of conventional planting. High-density cultivation uses one plant to produce a large melon, which leads to high yields. Generally, the yield per mu can reach 125-130 kg. 5. Shepherd gourd planted throughout the field must be scaffolded. Bamboo or cement rods can be used to make pile heads. Generally, the height of the shed is controlled at about 2 meters. The roof of the shed is tied with small nylon ropes to form a square. It must be solid and strong enough to withstand the weight of a fresh melon and the typhoon rain. 6. Daejeon Management Every loofah should be woven with velvet velvet or old velvet thread to spread vines on the shed so as to balance the loofah vines. When the vine grows to 1.67-2 meters, it is pruned. The pruning method is to leave the single vine pruning and to rely on a main vine. In the flourishing period, male flowers and old leaves must be removed in time to facilitate the opening of female flowers. When it comes to melons, it is generally better to leave the good, a loofah leave a melon. Seven, fertilizer loofah suction strong, require the application of base fertilizer, light Miao Fei, many times to apply fertilizer. General Mushi organic fertilizer 1 thousand kilograms, ammonium bicarbonate 30 kilograms, superphosphate 25 kilograms, plant ash 20 kilograms as base fertilizer. After survival, 10 kg of ammonium bicarbonate and 10 kg of phosphate fertilizer were poured and poured. After the melon is set, when the melon grows to about 15cm, 50-60 kg of compound fertilizer should be applied in the Mushi, spread in the trench from 30-40 cm away from the root, and then applied once every ten days. VIII. Diseases and Insect Pest control The main disease of loofah is downy mildew of loofah, and the main pest is the melon roll. 1. Loofah downy mildew is not easy to occur under general environmental conditions. When a large number of leaves die at the time of onset, it directly affects the yield and quality of loofah. Prevention methods: 1, reduce the humidity in the field, so that after the rain drainage ditch in a timely manner, timely removal of old leaves and so on. 2. Disease leaves should be promptly removed when the disease is first seen to reduce the spread of germs. Chemical control can be selected 500 times early metallurgic root irritation, when the initial disease with 2000 times the rifampicin spray, once every 7 days, even prevention 1 or 2 times. 2. Loofah larvae occur several generations a year. The largest number occurs in July-September. The main food leaf and leaf are harmful. The prevention and control methods can be controlled by urethane pesticides such as Braun 3000 times when the larvae bloom. Insect single 1000 times liquid prevention. Nine, picking and processing picking generally from the soft body of the body hardened, guajava handle turns yellow, Guati soft and yellow ring, when the pinch can hear a slight crack sound, Guadie gradually become larger when the concavity is picking standard. After peeling, after loofah picking, the loofah must be obtained through peeling. The peeling is mainly done in a water-soaked skin, and the fresh melons that are picked off are broken with a wooden stick or cut through the skin and soaked in the river for several days. Take off the rotten skin, spread the sun drying, throw out the seeds, that is, loofah.
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