First, it is the most critical period for the grape and summer scissors after flowering in summer. 1. Topping: From the time of flowering to flowering, it is the most suitable period for the result tree topping. The purpose is to control the growth of new shoots, concentrate the nutrients on the ear, promote the development of the ear, and increase the rate of fruit set. The extent of shoot tipping is based on growth potential: 6-9 leaves are kept above the inflorescence in the shoots; 4-5 leaves are kept in the middle shoots; 2-3 leaves are not picked in the weak shoots. 2. Auxiliary tip processing: when the semi-result saplings and racks are relatively empty, the auxiliary tips are all preserved. The front-end 1 - 1 sub-appointment leaves 3-4 leaves topping; the rest of the sub-shoots are left with 1-2 leaves. Repeatedly picking your heart. The results of the first fruit tree above the ear were reserved, leaving 1-2 leaves repeated topping; below the ears all the tips were erased. In the fruiting period, all the shoots were left with 1-2 fronts, and the rest of the shoots were wiped out, leaving 4-6 leaves for axillary shoots, and 3-4 leaves for secondary and tertiary shoots. 3, tying tip: combined with picking the heart must be timely tied to the new shoots, fixed on the wire and frame surface, conducive to plane lighting, to achieve the main results. Strong shoots can be arched or horizontally tied; over the shoots can be sprained at the base; the weak shoots are tied upright first, then long after the prosperous. Second, the occurrence characteristics of pests and diseases 1. White rot: early June, the first incidence of leaves and dendrite. Leaf lesions mostly appear at the leaf margins, nearly round reddish-brown and larger, often with deep and shallow intertwined bands. Onset of twigs, nascent strips of brown spots, rapid expansion, circumcision of the week, sag of the disease, the emergence of dense black spots from the skin, the latter part of the disease rupture, fleshy part of the meat scattered, leaving only vascular bundles, was "pappa-like ". In the middle and late June, the incidence of the ear from near the ground began, the initial stage of the main damage to the cob at all levels, the cortex yellowish brown rot, diseased skin easily collapsed, the disease tissue has a smell of soil. In the late stages, the fruit began to develop. The diseased department was pale brown and rotten. The surface was densely covered with gray dots, and small dots overflowed with grayish white mucus, making the entire disease fruit pale and white, and thus became a white rot disease. The onset of the disease is extremely susceptible to shock shedding; after water loss and shrinkage, the pig's liver color is unstable, and it is difficult to fall off. The disease often occurs severely and causes huge losses. Spraying prevention from the beginning of June is an important measure to control the damage. 2. Anthracnose: The onset of coloration before fruit coloration occurs severely before harvest. The disease mainly damages the fruit and is another fruit disease on the grape. It develops before coloring and forms a near-circular, black fly fecal lesion. It is limited to the epidermis; the lesions expand during near-maturity, and the new infection becomes ill. The spots were nearly round, concave, and dark brown. The black spots on the skin were prominently arranged in a roulette pattern. When the wet spots overflowed with pink mucus on the black spots, early stages of disease were visible in the middle and late June. Prevention should be sprayed. 3, black pox disease: the main harm to young green tissue such as young fruit, tender shoots, young leaves and so on. The lesions are gray in the middle, dark brown outside, and purple on the edges. There are often dark spots on the spots. Zana, Rose, Red Earth and other species are relatively susceptible, and Kyoho species rarely occur. 4. Spike brown blight: Harmful young cobs, which gradually ceased to occur after June. 5. Downy mildew: The onset of disease begins in early June in the rainy year and begins in late June in the dry season. The main damage leaves, but also harm the cob, tendrils and young shoots. The disease is the main feature of the disease. "Red Earth" species are highly susceptible to downy mildew. In the middle and the middle of June, spraying control should be started. 6, brown spot: in the middle and late June, a small number of lesions. Only harm the leaves, the lesions are round, brown, and gray-brown mold on the back. Leaves on the leaves can cause early defoliation. Third, the application of pests and diseases prevention and treatment in June is a key month for many diseases began to infect, gradually occurred, aggravated, timely spraying of effective drugs is to ensure the normal growth and development of grapes, control pests and diseases, and improve economic efficiency of the key measures. 1. 68.75% DuPont “Ecosafe†water dispersible granules are excellent fungicides and have good control effects against grape downy mildew, white rot, anthrax, blackpox, brown spot and other diseases. The drug price is higher, but there are more objects to be controlled and the residual period is longer (more than 15 days). Extremely resistant to rain erosion is the outstanding advantage of the drug. We recommend that farmers try this medicine. The use concentration of Yibao is 1200-1500 times. 40% Fuxing, 40% fluorosiliconazole, 40% Guixing 8000 times, etc. have special effects on white rot, 80% of big students M45 and 80% spray grams are excellent protective agents, and have good preventive effects on various grape diseases. The general use of 600-800 times liquid. The agents with better effect on downy mildew are: 72% clenbuterol (frostin urea manganese zinc) 600-800 times liquid, 85% sinisterin 600 times liquid, Baidufu or 600 to 800 times liquid etc. . These agents are less effective against other diseases. The effective agents for white rot include: Duofengnong 600-800 times liquid, Trichoderma or Fumei double 600 times liquid. These agents have poor efficacy against other diseases. Carbonate 600-800 times liquid has excellent control effect against anthrax. 25% Benzophenone EC 800 times has excellent control effect on brown spot and black spot disease. 1:0.6:160-200 times Bordeaux mixture has good preventive effect on several diseases such as downy mildew, black pox, anthrax and brown spot, and is ineffective against white rot. The orchards can be selected according to the newly planted varieties and the occurrence of diseases. 2. The newly-developed Red Earth varieties have poor resistance to downy mildew and black pox. From June onwards, we must pay attention to prevention and control. 3, found grape spider mite damage, can use appropriate acaricide.
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