In the past ten years, shrimp aquaculture has developed rapidly. However, due to the increasingly serious environmental pollution and high-density culture itself, the pollution has also become more serious, resulting in a wide range of diseases, followed by a variety of drugs. Three-point drug toxicity, especially the use of antibiotics, will cause residue in the shrimp body, degrade shrimp quality, affect consumer health, and will also be resisted in the export process. Therefore, only the use of less drugs and safe medication can To make the ponds become pollution-free foods, it can be invincible in the fierce competition in the domestic and foreign markets. So, how can we achieve a healthy culture of shrimp?
To achieve a healthy culture of shrimp, in addition to the traditional daily management and operating procedures, we must pay attention to the following aspects.
First, the site selection is non-pollution. Freshwater should be adequately selected from seawater with no pollution or little pollution, or water from the Shantang Reservoir as the water source. The seawater ponds should also have sufficient sources of fresh water without pollution, and they should take care to avoid the wind and should not be too close to the sea. In order to avoid blowing winds, pollutants in the sea area will be blown into the pond to cause pollution. The ideal farm should be far away from towns and cities, away from rivers, and away from polluting factories and mines.
Second, the pond design should be standardized, the introduction of seawater should be sand filter high density intensive pond area to 4-7 acres is appropriate, the shape of a square, quadrangular arc is better, the bottom of the pool with a hard bottom is better, from the surrounding to the middle deepened , And set up sewage in the middle of the pond. The seawater inlet system preferably adopts a sand filtration method. The bottom of the seabed is a sandy bottom and can dig at a depth of less than 2 meters above the low tide level from the seashore. The seashore sand layer is used to filter seawater; the seabed bottom is a muddy bottom. Dig a well below the low tide level, and then lay a cement pipe at the bottom of the well to the sea, and then use a steel pipe (outsourcing 20 mesh sieve cloth) to connect with the cement pipe. Spread gravel and fine sand. The depth of the pipe is at low tide level. More than 1.5 meters above the steel pipe is appropriate. Seawater filtered in this manner can effectively prevent the virus intermediate host from entering the pond.
Third, the Qingchi pool should be completely, the water must be treated Qingchi poison pool is the premise of raising good shrimp, especially the old earthen pond, the first to clean the bottom sludge, clean pool after the best bottom exposure 2-3 Days; Poison pool depending on the quality of the bottom, the acidic end of the pond should use quicklime, the amount of 200 kg per mu, the bottom is alkaline, bleaching or bleaching powder is appropriate, the amount of 20PPM and 50PPM, tea seed The cake is not only a poison pool drug, but also an ideal organic fertilizer. The dosage is 30 PPM. The usage is to dip for 24 hours with fresh water first and then apply it at high water temperature at noon. The medicinal properties of tea seed cake are generally three days. After two days, the detoxifying pond can be filled with water, and then the water is used to sterilize it with 5 PPM of bleaching fines, and then the plankton is fertilized and fertilized. The amount of fertilizing is based on the principle of industriousness, and N:P=10:2 is appropriate. The use of high-efficiency alginate results in better results. The best color of water is tea-brown, and the yellow-green water is the most stable. It is an ideal water color.
Fourth, seedlings should be optimized, the seedling time should be suitable for seedlings, seedlings, seedlings, and seedlings, especially for Penaeus vannamei, cultured shrimps are mostly used as broodstock, germplasm degradation is more serious, shrimp germplasm is also more difficult Identification, but basically can be optimized from the following aspects: 1, uniform size, orderliness: good quality of shrimp abnormal metamorphosis time is basically the same, so the size of neat and uniform, poor quality seedlings are metamorphic time is different, so the size is not Qi. 2. There are no dead seedlings at the bottom of the pond, and there are many seedlings per unit area: high-quality seedlings have good metamorphosis, strong constitution, fewer dead seedlings and more seedlings, and each time the bad seedlings lose their metamorphosis, they are lost from the bottom of the pool. Dead seedlings are often found when fishing. 3, individual "slim": In particular, Penaeus prawn, individuals with long body, the body is thinner, more slender than good. 4, strong vitality: in the slow rotation of the water can be reversed water attached to the wall, do not drift with the water to the middle. 5. Emergence specification: The best seedling size of Penaeus vannamei should be 0.7-1.0cm, and 1.0-1.2cm should be suitable for the emergence of Penaeus monodon. In the high-density and high-temperature seedlings, the size is larger and the constitution is weaker. Smaller sizes have poorer adaptability and have a greater impact on survival.
The time of releasing seedlings: The time for seedlings to bloom is good and the water temperature is 20-32°C. When the temperature is high, seedlings should be planted sooner or later. When the temperature is low, they should be planted at noon, wind and rain, and the water temperature is too high or too high. When they are low, they should not be planted. Otherwise, they will have a greater impact on the survival rate. When the pond water temperature differs from the shrimp water temperature by more than 3°C, the seedling bags should be floated in the pond for about 15 minutes before being placed in the pond. In order to avoid bringing protozoa in the nursery to the pond, it is best to filter the water in the seedling bag with a filter bag. When the seedlings are released, the salinity of the pond water and the salinity of the shrimp seedlings should not exceed 5 ‰. If this is exceeded, then the seedlings should be desalted.
V. Water quality management must be refined, and the introduction of beneficial micro-organisms to create a good water environment can make prawns healthy, prosperous, grow fast, and well developed, so as to shorten the breeding cycle, reduce disease, and increase yield, which is the key to achieving healthy shrimp culture. . Various water quality factors can promote the growth and development of shrimp within a suitable range. Exceeding a certain range can limit the growth of shrimp and may induce disease. In practice, we have found that the introduction of beneficial microorganisms is the most effective means of maintaining a good water environment. On the one hand, beneficial microorganisms can break algae, shrimp manure, and residual foods that are dead in ponds into nutrients that can be used by algae. To reduce the accumulation of harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen, so that the water environment remains relatively stable, not easy to aging; On the other hand, once the beneficial microorganisms form a dominant population in the pond, it can inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms, thereby reducing the growth of pathogens; In addition, beneficial Microorganisms can also enhance the body's immune and stress capabilities, thereby reducing the incidence of disease. It should be noted that there are many types of microbial preparations available in the market, and the quality of the products is good or good. Attention should be paid to distinguishing them. It is best to apply them in large-area ponds after testing in small-area ponds.
With the introduction of beneficial microorganisms, shrimp ponds can be cultured in a closed manner to eliminate the pollution of the external seawater, so that no pollution or less pesticides can be produced, and pollution-free shrimp products can be produced. It should be noted that sufficient oxygen is essential in high-density shrimp farming.
6. The quality of the bait should be excellent, and the importance of adding supplementary ingredients to the shrimp aquaculture process is self-evident. Good quality bait not only enables the shrimp to grow rapidly, reduces the feed coefficient, but also avoids the eutrophication of the water body. It is extremely important to choose a good bait. Due to cost or processing reasons, some nutrients or trace elements may be insufficient or missing, so it is necessary to properly add some auxiliary ingredients in the bait, commonly used are stable vitamin C (supplement essential elements), seaweed powder (provides immune polysaccharide And protein), allicin (provides a variety of minerals, sterilization and appetite stimulation), beneficial microorganisms (to promote digestion and absorption, inhibit the breeding of bacteria).
For high-density shrimp culture, controlling the amount of feed is very important. Insufficient feeding, uneven growth, uneven size, and easy to kill each other on the shrimp; feeding too much is not only a waste of food, but also pollute the water quality. The principle of scientific feeding is: less investment in high temperature and low temperature, more investment in sunny days, less investment in rainy days, less investment in low dissolved oxygen or hot weather, no investment in lack of oxygen floating head, no wind in class 6 or higher, more investment in flood tide, or tidal wave During the period, less investment is made when the shrimps are heavily moulted, and they are more likely to be cast after molting.
In short, to achieve a healthy culture of shrimp is a systematic breeding project that requires a strong sense of responsibility and meticulous work spirit.
To achieve a healthy culture of shrimp, in addition to the traditional daily management and operating procedures, we must pay attention to the following aspects.
First, the site selection is non-pollution. Freshwater should be adequately selected from seawater with no pollution or little pollution, or water from the Shantang Reservoir as the water source. The seawater ponds should also have sufficient sources of fresh water without pollution, and they should take care to avoid the wind and should not be too close to the sea. In order to avoid blowing winds, pollutants in the sea area will be blown into the pond to cause pollution. The ideal farm should be far away from towns and cities, away from rivers, and away from polluting factories and mines.
Second, the pond design should be standardized, the introduction of seawater should be sand filter high density intensive pond area to 4-7 acres is appropriate, the shape of a square, quadrangular arc is better, the bottom of the pool with a hard bottom is better, from the surrounding to the middle deepened , And set up sewage in the middle of the pond. The seawater inlet system preferably adopts a sand filtration method. The bottom of the seabed is a sandy bottom and can dig at a depth of less than 2 meters above the low tide level from the seashore. The seashore sand layer is used to filter seawater; the seabed bottom is a muddy bottom. Dig a well below the low tide level, and then lay a cement pipe at the bottom of the well to the sea, and then use a steel pipe (outsourcing 20 mesh sieve cloth) to connect with the cement pipe. Spread gravel and fine sand. The depth of the pipe is at low tide level. More than 1.5 meters above the steel pipe is appropriate. Seawater filtered in this manner can effectively prevent the virus intermediate host from entering the pond.
Third, the Qingchi pool should be completely, the water must be treated Qingchi poison pool is the premise of raising good shrimp, especially the old earthen pond, the first to clean the bottom sludge, clean pool after the best bottom exposure 2-3 Days; Poison pool depending on the quality of the bottom, the acidic end of the pond should use quicklime, the amount of 200 kg per mu, the bottom is alkaline, bleaching or bleaching powder is appropriate, the amount of 20PPM and 50PPM, tea seed The cake is not only a poison pool drug, but also an ideal organic fertilizer. The dosage is 30 PPM. The usage is to dip for 24 hours with fresh water first and then apply it at high water temperature at noon. The medicinal properties of tea seed cake are generally three days. After two days, the detoxifying pond can be filled with water, and then the water is used to sterilize it with 5 PPM of bleaching fines, and then the plankton is fertilized and fertilized. The amount of fertilizing is based on the principle of industriousness, and N:P=10:2 is appropriate. The use of high-efficiency alginate results in better results. The best color of water is tea-brown, and the yellow-green water is the most stable. It is an ideal water color.
Fourth, seedlings should be optimized, the seedling time should be suitable for seedlings, seedlings, seedlings, and seedlings, especially for Penaeus vannamei, cultured shrimps are mostly used as broodstock, germplasm degradation is more serious, shrimp germplasm is also more difficult Identification, but basically can be optimized from the following aspects: 1, uniform size, orderliness: good quality of shrimp abnormal metamorphosis time is basically the same, so the size of neat and uniform, poor quality seedlings are metamorphic time is different, so the size is not Qi. 2. There are no dead seedlings at the bottom of the pond, and there are many seedlings per unit area: high-quality seedlings have good metamorphosis, strong constitution, fewer dead seedlings and more seedlings, and each time the bad seedlings lose their metamorphosis, they are lost from the bottom of the pool. Dead seedlings are often found when fishing. 3, individual "slim": In particular, Penaeus prawn, individuals with long body, the body is thinner, more slender than good. 4, strong vitality: in the slow rotation of the water can be reversed water attached to the wall, do not drift with the water to the middle. 5. Emergence specification: The best seedling size of Penaeus vannamei should be 0.7-1.0cm, and 1.0-1.2cm should be suitable for the emergence of Penaeus monodon. In the high-density and high-temperature seedlings, the size is larger and the constitution is weaker. Smaller sizes have poorer adaptability and have a greater impact on survival.
The time of releasing seedlings: The time for seedlings to bloom is good and the water temperature is 20-32°C. When the temperature is high, seedlings should be planted sooner or later. When the temperature is low, they should be planted at noon, wind and rain, and the water temperature is too high or too high. When they are low, they should not be planted. Otherwise, they will have a greater impact on the survival rate. When the pond water temperature differs from the shrimp water temperature by more than 3°C, the seedling bags should be floated in the pond for about 15 minutes before being placed in the pond. In order to avoid bringing protozoa in the nursery to the pond, it is best to filter the water in the seedling bag with a filter bag. When the seedlings are released, the salinity of the pond water and the salinity of the shrimp seedlings should not exceed 5 ‰. If this is exceeded, then the seedlings should be desalted.
V. Water quality management must be refined, and the introduction of beneficial micro-organisms to create a good water environment can make prawns healthy, prosperous, grow fast, and well developed, so as to shorten the breeding cycle, reduce disease, and increase yield, which is the key to achieving healthy shrimp culture. . Various water quality factors can promote the growth and development of shrimp within a suitable range. Exceeding a certain range can limit the growth of shrimp and may induce disease. In practice, we have found that the introduction of beneficial microorganisms is the most effective means of maintaining a good water environment. On the one hand, beneficial microorganisms can break algae, shrimp manure, and residual foods that are dead in ponds into nutrients that can be used by algae. To reduce the accumulation of harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen, so that the water environment remains relatively stable, not easy to aging; On the other hand, once the beneficial microorganisms form a dominant population in the pond, it can inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms, thereby reducing the growth of pathogens; In addition, beneficial Microorganisms can also enhance the body's immune and stress capabilities, thereby reducing the incidence of disease. It should be noted that there are many types of microbial preparations available in the market, and the quality of the products is good or good. Attention should be paid to distinguishing them. It is best to apply them in large-area ponds after testing in small-area ponds.
With the introduction of beneficial microorganisms, shrimp ponds can be cultured in a closed manner to eliminate the pollution of the external seawater, so that no pollution or less pesticides can be produced, and pollution-free shrimp products can be produced. It should be noted that sufficient oxygen is essential in high-density shrimp farming.
6. The quality of the bait should be excellent, and the importance of adding supplementary ingredients to the shrimp aquaculture process is self-evident. Good quality bait not only enables the shrimp to grow rapidly, reduces the feed coefficient, but also avoids the eutrophication of the water body. It is extremely important to choose a good bait. Due to cost or processing reasons, some nutrients or trace elements may be insufficient or missing, so it is necessary to properly add some auxiliary ingredients in the bait, commonly used are stable vitamin C (supplement essential elements), seaweed powder (provides immune polysaccharide And protein), allicin (provides a variety of minerals, sterilization and appetite stimulation), beneficial microorganisms (to promote digestion and absorption, inhibit the breeding of bacteria).
For high-density shrimp culture, controlling the amount of feed is very important. Insufficient feeding, uneven growth, uneven size, and easy to kill each other on the shrimp; feeding too much is not only a waste of food, but also pollute the water quality. The principle of scientific feeding is: less investment in high temperature and low temperature, more investment in sunny days, less investment in rainy days, less investment in low dissolved oxygen or hot weather, no investment in lack of oxygen floating head, no wind in class 6 or higher, more investment in flood tide, or tidal wave During the period, less investment is made when the shrimps are heavily moulted, and they are more likely to be cast after molting.
In short, to achieve a healthy culture of shrimp is a systematic breeding project that requires a strong sense of responsibility and meticulous work spirit.
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