Bao - the crown of the eight treasures in the sea, is a gastropod. There are more than 90 species known throughout the world. There are varieties of whelk abalone, variegated abalone, ear abalone, sheep abalone and big abalone in China's coastal areas. Bao meat is delicate, delicious, and high in nutritional value. Its shell is called "Shi Jueming," and it is a precious Chinese herbal medicine. With the improvement of the people's quality of life, the international market has a huge demand for Bao and the market has broad prospects. Therefore, the artificial breeding of abalone has developed rapidly in our country. Due to the different natural conditions in different regions, the culture methods developed are not the same. Now we will briefly introduce abalone's main breeding methods and advantages and disadvantages for reference. I. Industrialized cultivation 1. Advantages (1) Less land occupation, easy centralized management, rapid growth, short growth cycle; 2 Manually controlled from nursery to cultivated goods; (2) Water environment is not affected by weather, sea conditions, etc. Affected by factors, the warming water in winter can be recycled after treatment; 4 the intensive cultivation has a high degree of yield and benefit per unit area; (3) Bao's operation and management such as feeding, water exchange, observation, and disease prevention are convenient. . 2. Disadvantages (1) The investment cost of the plant facilities is high, the fund recovery period is relatively long, and the management workload is large; (2) The breeding density is high, the water quality monitoring is difficult and the disease is prone to occur; (3) The aquaculture technology and the disease control technology content High demand. This type of farming mode is suitable for units with few sites, high land prices, and places where the site is far away from the sea, and where there are sufficient funds and strong technical forces. Liaoning and Shandong coasts use this method. 2. Pit farming 1. Advantages (1) Save plant construction costs compared with factory-raised abalone; (2) Cool winter and cool summers in the tunnels provide good conditions for Bao Yue to cross the summer and save winter heating costs; (3) Due to suitable temperature throughout the year, abalone grows fast and has a long growth cycle. (4) Easy care and good management, and the survival rate of abalone is high; (5) The risk of aquaculture is small and is not constrained by natural conditions (storm, sea tide). 2. Disadvantages (1) The capacity of the reservoir in the tunnel is small and the water exchange capacity is poor; (2) The water quality is easily deteriorated; (3) The ventilation capacity is poor. The harbor raising abalone is more suitable for coastal islands and the houses are closer to the excavation. It is easy to move seedlings and the funds are insufficient. The summer season has a higher temperature in the sea area, and it is more place in the winter than in Other places. In addition, ventilation facilities and water and electricity equipment should be installed in the tunnel. III. Shallow oyster raising of abalone 1. Advantages (1) Sea scallops, scallops and oysters can be used for breeding trusses, which saves investment costs; (2) Water exchange conditions are good, and dissolved oxygen is sufficient; (3) Pumping can be saved, Inflation costs; (4) feeding the food easy to maintain freshness; 5 management workload is small. 2. Disadvantages (1) Affected by natural conditions such as strong winds and tides, sometimes the typhoon will easily lead to truss damage; (2) It is vulnerable to attachment of oyster seedlings and glass sea squirts in natural sea areas; (3) Daily management is affected by severe weather. More; (4) Poor safety performance. This method is suitable for harbors with better sea conditions, no pollution, oysters, sea squirts, and less attached to algae, less susceptible to or less affected by typhoons, and rich in kelp, wakame, and scallops in the bay. This way Shandong Jiaodong region Use more. Fourth, the inter-tidal barrier stone conservation Bao 1, advantages (1) make full use of the natural conditions of intertidal rocky terrain, less investment than oyster culture Bao; (2) convenient source of feed, easy to collect; 3 feeding convenience, easy Observe the daily feeding and growth conditions; (3) Suitable for polyculture with sea cucumbers, with high output efficiency; (5) Natural tidal drainage and drainage can be used. 2. Disadvantages (1) Affected by tides; (2) Vulnerable to coastal red tides and typhoons; (3) Vulnerable to the adhesion of sea squirts, oysters, and lime worms; (4) High labor intensity at harvest and fragile abalone. This method is suitable for the existence of wild abalone in the intertidal zone, and the flow of the sea is smooth, there is no large-scale freshwater source injection, no industrial and domestic wastewater discharge, sea areas rich in scallops, sargassum, wild seaweed, and wakame are suitable for Shandong Jiaodong coastal areas. Fifth, the intertidal zone with a net bed to raise abalone 1. Advantages (1) This method is similar to the intertidal belt stone retaining abalone; (2) make full use of abalone ecological habits to create a suitable artificial environment for its survival; (3) convenient feeding , It is more convenient for daily observation of the abalone's feeding, growth, and death; (4) The survival rate of the culture is higher than that of the Baoshibain, and the growth rate is fast; (5) It is easy to mix with the sea cucumber, and the labor intensity at the harvest is small, and the abalone is injured. Less; (5) The bait is not easy to lose, and the utilization rate is high; (6) It can make full use of tidal offset, drainage, energy consumption of pumping, and reduce the cost of breeding; (7) The safety factor is higher than that of sea-breeding. 2. Disadvantages (1) are easily affected by tides in the sea area; (2) are affected by the red tides and typhoons in the offshore areas; (3) The nets need to be replaced regularly, and Bao is easily attached by oysters and lime worms. This method is suitable for strips that are similar to the intertidal belt stone. VI. Submerged Caisson Abdomino 1. Advantages (1) Aquaculture environment is closer to natural waters; (2) Water environment is stable and dissolved oxygen is sufficient; (3) It is not affected by severe weather such as red tide, typhoon; (4) Investment cost The factory culture is much lower, and the survival rate of the culture is high; (5) It is not easy to be attached by the algae, oysters, etc., and the number of replacement of the net equipment is small. 2. Disadvantages (1) It is troublesome to feed and is easily affected by severe weather; (2) The caisson should be relocated after a few years of breeding, and the aquaculture waters should be replaced to avoid negative reactions to the excreta; (3) Management and Harvesting is inconvenient. This method is more suitable for the bottom of the seabed rock reefs, the flow of the smooth, more wild-type algae, no domestic wastewater and industrial wastewater pollution of the flat seabed. In this way, Guangdong and Hainan use more coastal areas.
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