When hybrid sunflowers are hybridized and selected from different varieties of sunflowers, they have the characteristics of short growth period. Therefore, the cultivation and management methods of hybrid sunflowers are slightly different from those of common sunflower varieties. Here is a high-yield and high-efficiency planting technique for hybrid sunflowers. .
First, the rotation
It is better to carry out reasonable rotation for more than five years. It is better to use wheat, corn, millet, sorghum and potato in the first place. It is forbidden to choose plots with long and residual herbicides.
Second, land preparation
Pingping land with flat terrain, fertile soil and good drainage should be selected.
Third, fertilization
Hybrid sunflowers require a large amount of fertilizer, which is generally dominated by phosphate fertilizer in the early growth stage, and mainly nitrogen and potassium fertilizers in the middle and late growth stages.
1. Base fertilizer: Based on organic fertilizer, it can apply 1000 kg of farmyard manure.
2. Fertilizer: 8 to 10 kg of diammonium, 5 to 7 kg of potassium sulfate, and 5 kg of urea.
3. Top dressing: Before and after the sunflower enters the bud stage, combined with the cultivating and cultivating soil, the urea is 5 kg. In the bud or flowering period, the leaf surface is sprayed with 0.3-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution to add 1 kg of urea 1 or 2 times.
Fourth, sowing
1. Sowing date: It can be planted at a temperature of 10 cm soil layer for 5 days and above 10 °C. Suitable late sowing can avoid high temperature during flowering period, easy to pollinate and improve seed setting rate.
2. Seed treatment: If the seed is untreated, the seed coating can be carried out. If the seed coating agent only contains the bactericide and does not contain the insecticide, it can be used in the sputum with 250 gram of methyl ethion, 30 kg of water. Spray on the ground and then level and smooth.
3. Rodent control: You can use bromine and bromide to control.
4. Seeding method: It can be sown by air suction type precision seeding machine, or manually on-demand (using corn spotting device or hoe ditching), and seeding can be carried out by "1 grain, 1 grain, 2 grain" method.
5. Sowing amount: It is sown by air suction type precision seeding machine. The amount of hectares used is 5250-6000 grams, and the amount of seeds used in corn dander or hoe ditch is increased appropriately.
6. Density: The principle of reasonable close planting is that the fertilizer should be thin and thin. Generally, the ridge distance is 65-70 cm, and the plant spacing is 55-65 cm.
V. Field management
1. Miao Miao and Ding Miao: When the seedlings appear 1 pair of true leaves, they can be seedlings, and 4 pairs of true leaves can be fixed.
2. cultivating alfalfa: the first inter-cultivation is carried out in combination with the inter-planting seedling; the second sub-cultivation is carried out one week after the seedling is fixed; the third cultivating is carried out at a height of 50-70 cm.
3. Snoring and slashing the leaves: Make sure that the branches are immediately destroyed, and the old leaves at the bottom are properly destroyed.
4. Auxiliary pollination: Puff pollination method, that is, secondary artificial pollination during the flowering period of sunflower. It is advisable to put a bee pollination method to put 5 boxes of bees per acre.
Sixth, pest control
1. Sunflower sclerotium disease: Sunflower sclerotium disease, also known as rot disease, can occur throughout the growth period. It is characterized by a dry type and a bad type.
Stand-up type: The seedling stage mainly forms a lesion with a length of about 15 cm around the stem at the base of the stem. When it is wet, it grows white flocculent hyphae, and after drying, it is dead and dead. The adult disease is also dominated by the base of the stem, forming a depression. The lesion has a concentric pattern, a white hyphae grows, and a black sclerotium is formed later.
Rotten disc type: firstly produce water-immersed lesions on the back of the disk, and spread to the disk with the lesions. Dense white hyphae and black hyphae between achenes and meat. When the number of sclerotia occurs is large, they are connected to each other in a network shape. The achenes rot and turn black, the disk is easy to fall off, and the achenes cannot mature.
Control method: 1 round. Carry out long-distance rotation with non-host plants such as gramineous crops for 5 years. 2 deep down the ground. The sclerotia is buried 20 cm underground. 3 cultivating. Time cultivating in the germination stage of sclerotia.
4 Do a good job in pastoral hygiene. The diseased plant, the broken branch, the sick disk, the grain are completely removed or buried, burned, etc., to reduce the pathogen. 5 increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to improve disease resistance. 6 Chemical control: In the initial stage of sunflower knot, use sclerotium net wettable powder 500 times liquid or 50% jiato 1000 times liquid spray, 2 to 3 times at intervals of 7 to 10 days.
2. Sunflower 螟: Sunflower 螟 is the main pest of sunflower. Two generations occur in one generation a year. The first generation of adults appeared in mid-July, and the mid-August in mid-August, adults feed on the disk. The nectar lays eggs, the 1st to 2nd instar larvae feed on the petals, and the 3rd instar larvae invade the seed, which is harmful to the seed, and a larva can harm 5 to 8 seeds.
Control methods: 1 Agricultural control: Sunflowers can not be continuously cropped. They should be rotated for more than 5 years with grasses and other crops. The depth of deep pine preparation is 25 to 27 cm, and the seed coat has a hard shell layer. 2 Chemical control: In the late stage of July to early August, the adult worms are fumigated 1 or 2 times during the prosperous period, and 500-1000 times of the trichlorfon can be sprayed once in the larval stage.
Seven, harvest threshing
When the rear shell of the disk turns yellow, the outer shell of the grain becomes black, and the kernel becomes hard, it is a mature stage, and harvesting should be carried out in time. Harvesting should be carried out in sunny weather. It is strictly forbidden to stack the harvested sunflowers. It should be smashed and dried to thresh. It is strictly forbidden to mix with conventional varieties and other varieties during threshing. It is strictly forbidden to mix bad and rotten seeds to improve product quality and ensure product quality.
Hybrid sunflower has a shorter growth period than the common variety of sunflowers, which can save a lot of production costs, so the planting efficiency is higher. The above content is for reference only. If you want to know more about agricultural technology, please pay attention to Hui Nong School!
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