Gao Liangsi smut has occurred in Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Shandong and other places. In severe cases, the incidence rate can reach 10% to 40%. In 1995, the incidence rate of some serious plots in Zhangzhou, Hebei Province, reached about 70%, resulting in serious reduction in production. [Symptoms and Occurrence] The symptoms of sorghum head smut are not obvious at the seedling stage and are most pronounced in the panicle. Before the diseased ear was extracted, the flag leaf was tightly packed, the middle of the flag leaf appeared prominent, and the lower part of the ear expanded and showed a triangle shape. The hand feels a solid feeling in the triangle and suddenly feels hollow upwards. Peeling the loquat leaves reveals a white stick. After heading, the stick gradually turned from the top to the base into a large gray bag. The outer bag had a white film with black powder inside, and the entire inflorescence of the sorghum was destroyed. After maturation, the film ruptured and black powder was dispersed. The vascular tissue that remained on the head and neck was black and turbulent. It was called head smut. Sorghum smut mainly overwinters in soil and is a soil-borne disease. The main infestation period of the disease is the period from the germination of the seeds to 2 cm. After the germs invade the shoots, they quickly spread to the growing point and develop upward with the growth of the sorghum. When the panicles differentiate, they invade the young panicles and form the black panicles after the panicles are formed. The incidence and species resistance are related to the accumulated amount of bacteria in soil and the speed of seedling emergence. [Control method] 1. It is the most effective and economical method to use disease resistant varieties and select resistant varieties. At present, the mechanism of disease resistance and genetic laws are not yet known, but there are a number of disease-resistant parents and hybrids in production. The disease-resistant parents include Black Dragon 14A, 7152A, A2V4A, and Jinon 105A. Among the resistant hybrids, there are black hybrid 34, black hybrid 46, Qiza 1, No. 1 hybrid, Jinza 5, No. 5, No. 7 and No. 1 hybrids. 2. Rotation head smut is a soil-borne disease, and annual cultivation can increase the amount of pathogen accumulation and increase the source of disease infestation. More than three years of rotation with other crops can control the occurrence of diseases, which is an effective preventive measure. 3. Deep Sterilization In areas where sorghum is a major large-area crop and where rotation is difficult, lighter-onset plots, deep-fall in autumn, turning diseased and scattered surface germs into the lower layer of soil can reduce pathogenic infections in the coming year. . 4. Timely planting timely sowing, improve the quality of sowing, so that the seedlings out of soil fast, can shorten the time bacteria germination infestation. 5. During the heading period, when the diseased plant has not yet ruptured the ash bag, the diseased plant can be taken out of the field and buried deep or burned. This can eliminate the source of sterilization and control the spread of germs. 6. Seed treatment (1) soaking in warm water soaking with warm water 45 ~ 55 °C for 5 minutes, and then stuffy, until the seeds germinate immediately after sowing, that can maintain seedlings, but also reduce the incidence rate. (2) Dressing Seed dressing with volatile or systemic fungicides to destroy the source of bacteria on the seeds and kill pathogens in the soil around the seeds. 150% 350 grams of rust resilience powder 350 kg seed dressing, or 16% rust resilience 0.5 kg water 2 kg dressing 20 kg. Stir for 4 hours after dressing, spread out to dry and sow. 225% triadimefon 200g seed dressing 1kg, efficacy up to 100%.
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