Tinca tmca belongs to the genus Polygonaceae, Yalofish subfamily, Dingyugenus. It is widely distributed in inland rivers, lakes and lakes in Europe, and is distributed in the Burqin region of Xinjiang. In 1999, the Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture in Jinan City, Shandong Province, introduced 2,000 years of larval rearings from the Irtysh River Basin in Xinjiang. After three years of breeding experiments, the biological characteristics and breeding techniques were studied in depth. Preliminary success.
First, biological characteristics
1. Morphological features Small mouth, end position, 1 pair of short hair at the mouth. One line of throat teeth, side flat, a central groove in the tooth surface, the end of the teeth slightly hooked. The body side is flat, the scales are small and closely arranged, and the tail fins are straight or slightly concave. The back of the body is light yellow or dark brown, and its belly is grey and its fins are gray and black.
2. Food omnivorous, edible organic spoilage organisms. The fry stage mainly feeds on zooplankton. Artificial breeding can be fed with various commercial compound feeds, and the body weight of 30g or more can be used to acclimate and feed pellets, and the food can be collected and eaten.
3. Living habits like to live in rivers, reservoirs, and lakes with abundant aquatic plants and dissolved oxygen, resistant to low dissolved oxygen. Low-lying subspecies fish often go to the surface for food. The skin has a respiratory function and it can not be dead from water for a long time. The optimal growth pH is 7-10, the survival water temperature is 1°C-4°C, and the suitable growth water temperature is 22°-28°C. Winter fish drilled into the bottom of the pool winter.
4. The growth in natural waters is modest, with the largest individual being about 7.5 kg. Artificially bred for up to 2 years, the body weight can reach 500g, when juveniles are generally up to 50g-80g, the commercial fish size is generally 300g-800g.
5. Breeding habits are similar to those of squid. The sexual maturation age is 2 to 3 years and can be laid under natural conditions. The spawning temperature is 20°C to 26°C. In general, bred estrus spawns at temperatures of 21°C-25°C during May to July in Xinjiang.
Second, breeding and hatching
1. Male and female identification of the reproductive season, male broiler pelvic fins larger, semicircular; female fins of the fins are smaller, reproductive holes protruding, showing pink.
2. Natural reproduction conditions are suitable for natural reproduction in ponds with long aquatic plants. From May to July, the broodstock is sexually mature. When the water temperature is between 20°C and 26°C, the estrus spawns. The viscous fertilization pods attach to the water grass or the pool wall. The fry can be naturally hatched within 2 days to 3 days.
3. Artificial oxytocin by artificial injection oxytocin promote ovulation, generally female broodstock per kilogram of fish body weight LRH-A count 20ug-30ug, or HCG count 1000IU-1200IU, the male broodstock dose reduced by half, one injection can be.
Select mature broodstock, male to female ratio 1:1.5, inject oxytocin into the spawning pool, under microfluidic stimulation, arrange the fish nest after 15 hours to 20 hours of broodstock estrus, after the brood is filled with fertilized eggs The fish nest puts the hatching pool. Water temperature 22 °C -24 °C, 16 hours - 18 hours juvenile fish ruptured, fry hatching. Artificial insemination can also be carried out. Fertilized eggs are released after artificial debonding and hatched in a hatching ring or hatching tank.
Third, seed cultivation
1. Sprinkle cultivation pond 2 acres - 3 acres is appropriate, water depth of about 1.5m. Organic fertilisers should be applied before stocking to ensure sufficient plankton as an open bait. Each year, 100,000 to 200,000 tails of water are released per acre. According to the quality of the water, the amount of milk will be splashed every day, and the transparency will be maintained at 10cm to 15cm.
2. The fish breeding ponds are stocked with 2cm-3cm fry and the stocking density is 6000 fishes/mu - 8000 tails/mu. The fish fry is required to have the same specifications. The supply of bait is mainly to cultivate zooplankton, and it is advisable to feed the right amount of fishmeal or yeast powder in the early stage. After the size reaches 5cm or more, the pellet feed can be tamed. Crude protein content of pellets requires 32%-34%, and fixed-point, regular, quantitative feeding. After 5 months to 7 months of breeding, the fish species size can reach 50g/tail-80g/tail and the mu yield can reach 200kg.
Fourth, adult fish breeding
1. Intensive pond area of ​​3 acres - 5 acres, 8cm-15cm stocking per acre length of 1000 species of fish - 1500 tail, feeding crude protein containing 28% -32% pellet feed. When applying fertilizer, organic and inorganic fertilizers can be used in combination, but attention should be paid to regulating water quality and timely adding new water. When intensive culture is not suitable for polyculture, such as oysters, oysters, oysters, and other foods with fierce competition, fish may be mixed and cultivated appropriately. After 5 months to 7 months of breeding, the net production per mu can reach 400kg-700kg.
2. Polyculture of mixed oysters in ponds such as main oystercatchers, grass carp, and tilapia can replace oysters and squid to clean up remaining food in the bottom of the pond and feed on plankton in the water. However, it is not suitable for polyculture with cockroaches and salmon at the same time. The age of 50-150 fishes per mu of polyculture ponds is sufficient.
Fifth, the disease prevention and treatment of octopus fish disease resistance is strong, less disease, the survival rate of fish seedlings up to 85%, the survival rate of adult fish can reach more than 98%. The common diseases include gills, enteritis, acne, and skin diseases. The treatment methods can refer to the prevention and treatment of conventional fish diseases.
First, biological characteristics
1. Morphological features Small mouth, end position, 1 pair of short hair at the mouth. One line of throat teeth, side flat, a central groove in the tooth surface, the end of the teeth slightly hooked. The body side is flat, the scales are small and closely arranged, and the tail fins are straight or slightly concave. The back of the body is light yellow or dark brown, and its belly is grey and its fins are gray and black.
2. Food omnivorous, edible organic spoilage organisms. The fry stage mainly feeds on zooplankton. Artificial breeding can be fed with various commercial compound feeds, and the body weight of 30g or more can be used to acclimate and feed pellets, and the food can be collected and eaten.
3. Living habits like to live in rivers, reservoirs, and lakes with abundant aquatic plants and dissolved oxygen, resistant to low dissolved oxygen. Low-lying subspecies fish often go to the surface for food. The skin has a respiratory function and it can not be dead from water for a long time. The optimal growth pH is 7-10, the survival water temperature is 1°C-4°C, and the suitable growth water temperature is 22°-28°C. Winter fish drilled into the bottom of the pool winter.
4. The growth in natural waters is modest, with the largest individual being about 7.5 kg. Artificially bred for up to 2 years, the body weight can reach 500g, when juveniles are generally up to 50g-80g, the commercial fish size is generally 300g-800g.
5. Breeding habits are similar to those of squid. The sexual maturation age is 2 to 3 years and can be laid under natural conditions. The spawning temperature is 20°C to 26°C. In general, bred estrus spawns at temperatures of 21°C-25°C during May to July in Xinjiang.
Second, breeding and hatching
1. Male and female identification of the reproductive season, male broiler pelvic fins larger, semicircular; female fins of the fins are smaller, reproductive holes protruding, showing pink.
2. Natural reproduction conditions are suitable for natural reproduction in ponds with long aquatic plants. From May to July, the broodstock is sexually mature. When the water temperature is between 20°C and 26°C, the estrus spawns. The viscous fertilization pods attach to the water grass or the pool wall. The fry can be naturally hatched within 2 days to 3 days.
3. Artificial oxytocin by artificial injection oxytocin promote ovulation, generally female broodstock per kilogram of fish body weight LRH-A count 20ug-30ug, or HCG count 1000IU-1200IU, the male broodstock dose reduced by half, one injection can be.
Select mature broodstock, male to female ratio 1:1.5, inject oxytocin into the spawning pool, under microfluidic stimulation, arrange the fish nest after 15 hours to 20 hours of broodstock estrus, after the brood is filled with fertilized eggs The fish nest puts the hatching pool. Water temperature 22 °C -24 °C, 16 hours - 18 hours juvenile fish ruptured, fry hatching. Artificial insemination can also be carried out. Fertilized eggs are released after artificial debonding and hatched in a hatching ring or hatching tank.
Third, seed cultivation
1. Sprinkle cultivation pond 2 acres - 3 acres is appropriate, water depth of about 1.5m. Organic fertilisers should be applied before stocking to ensure sufficient plankton as an open bait. Each year, 100,000 to 200,000 tails of water are released per acre. According to the quality of the water, the amount of milk will be splashed every day, and the transparency will be maintained at 10cm to 15cm.
2. The fish breeding ponds are stocked with 2cm-3cm fry and the stocking density is 6000 fishes/mu - 8000 tails/mu. The fish fry is required to have the same specifications. The supply of bait is mainly to cultivate zooplankton, and it is advisable to feed the right amount of fishmeal or yeast powder in the early stage. After the size reaches 5cm or more, the pellet feed can be tamed. Crude protein content of pellets requires 32%-34%, and fixed-point, regular, quantitative feeding. After 5 months to 7 months of breeding, the fish species size can reach 50g/tail-80g/tail and the mu yield can reach 200kg.
Fourth, adult fish breeding
1. Intensive pond area of ​​3 acres - 5 acres, 8cm-15cm stocking per acre length of 1000 species of fish - 1500 tail, feeding crude protein containing 28% -32% pellet feed. When applying fertilizer, organic and inorganic fertilizers can be used in combination, but attention should be paid to regulating water quality and timely adding new water. When intensive culture is not suitable for polyculture, such as oysters, oysters, oysters, and other foods with fierce competition, fish may be mixed and cultivated appropriately. After 5 months to 7 months of breeding, the net production per mu can reach 400kg-700kg.
2. Polyculture of mixed oysters in ponds such as main oystercatchers, grass carp, and tilapia can replace oysters and squid to clean up remaining food in the bottom of the pond and feed on plankton in the water. However, it is not suitable for polyculture with cockroaches and salmon at the same time. The age of 50-150 fishes per mu of polyculture ponds is sufficient.
Fifth, the disease prevention and treatment of octopus fish disease resistance is strong, less disease, the survival rate of fish seedlings up to 85%, the survival rate of adult fish can reach more than 98%. The common diseases include gills, enteritis, acne, and skin diseases. The treatment methods can refer to the prevention and treatment of conventional fish diseases.
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