The layer chicken industry in Hebei Province rose in the 1980s and achieved high-speed development in the 1990s. It entered the 21st century and achieved continuous development and market consolidation and adjustment. Egg breeder practitioners have mastered a wealth of breeding techniques in the years of egg breeder breeding, and have found out some laws of the market, but in recent years it seems completely different from previous years, such as the three-year market cycle did not This year, egg prices have risen sharply, egg prices have been high, but the enthusiasm for entering the chicks has not been high, and the market has begun to enforce moulting. In the face of the new situation in the current layer chicken breeding, many farmers and large-scale breeding farms are puzzled. They have sent letters to the newspaper and inquired about relevant circumstances and reasons. To this end, on August 27th, we specially invited Wang Xuebin to walk into Fangli Village, Yuanshi County, Shijiazhuang City to meet with our readers and farmers.
Professor Wang Xuebin believes that since egg and chicken are common foods on the common people's table, and because of the country's population base, the breeding of laying hens should be stabilized in the future. However, we are also soberly aware that at present in our province and throughout the country, it is still affected by the "small-scale, large-group" farming forms, and the level of breeding technology is still worse than that of foreign developed countries. In addition, there are few deep-processing projects for eggs, and most enterprises with deep-processing still stay in the initial processing of raw eggs. In addition, the market has not yet done enough to classify eggs. These reasons have also become the fundamental reason that restricts the healthy, efficient and sustainable development of laying hens. This is precisely the problem that we must face and strive to solve in the next step of production.
Wang Xuebin, male, graduated from the College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, a researcher of agricultural technology promotion. He is currently the chief of the Hebei Provincial Department of Livestock Breeding Workstation Technology Promotion Section, the Secretary-General of the Feeding Management Group of the Hebei Agricultural Technology Advisory Experts Group, the Director of the Hebei Provincial Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, the Deputy Secretary General of the Sheep Industry Branch of the Hebei Provincial Animal Husbandry Association, and the Hebei Provincial Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine. Deputy Secretary-General of the Bull Science Section.
Over the years, she has mainly engaged in breeding, production and promotion of livestock breeds such as layer hens and mutton sheep. He has also organized and promoted a number of animal husbandry technology promotion and training, as well as occupational skills appraisal in the animal husbandry and veterinary industries. He has won many provincial scientific and technological achievements and participated in the preparation of provincial-level local standards. And has been issued by the Provincial Bureau of Technical Supervision, two, published four monographs, published in the national and provincial professional journals multiple articles.
The egg price rises very quickly
Since September 2013, the price of eggs has been declining all the way from 9.2 yuan/kg to 7.5 yuan/kg in October, and it was maintained until February 2014. At the lowest level, it slipped to 6.5 yuan/kg. Since March 2014, egg prices have recovered to 7.5 yuan/kg, and they have rapidly risen to 10 yuan/kg in May, and then fell to 7.5 yuan/kg. In July, they rose to 9 yuan/kg, rising in August. To 10.4 yuan / kg, the retail price of 12 yuan / kg. It can be said that the current egg has become a "golden egg," and it costs almost seven or eight cents. Many people shout "can't afford it." As a result, many people can not help asking, this wave of egg prices so rampant up so much?
In this regard, Professor Wang Xuebin gave three explanations:
1 small amount of laying hens
From April 2013 to February 2014, the average egg utilization ratio at parental and progenitor sites was only about 55%, which was approximately 30 percentage points lower than the average egg utilization rate of 85% in normal years, resulting in the production of laying hens in early 2014. Decreased, the production capacity of fresh eggs decreased, and the supply was obviously insufficient.
2. Seasonal and flu impacts
Due to the fear of the flu epidemic (H5N1), the commodity marketing agency avoided the flu season of March-April in the peak period of egg production. Therefore, the number of customers who chose to enter chickens in September-December 2013 was less, which exacerbated 2014. In the first half of the year, fresh egg production declined, resulting in reduced supply and higher prices.
3. The impact of the epidemic on the deposit
In the winter of 2013, egg dropping and dead chickens appeared in many places, and the ability to produce eggs was greatly affected. Although in April and May 2014, the condition was relatively weak, it still had a certain impact on laying hens. Recovery of egg production still required 1-2 months, which promoted the rise in egg prices after May.
Market cycle is disrupted by high prices
In the past, the market for eggs was mainly regulated by the consumer market. As the price of eggs increased, the number of young chickens increased. As the number of layers increased, the price of eggs decreased, and the three-year market cycle formed. Now that this cycle no longer exists, Professor Wang Xuebin stated the reasons:
1. At this stage, the number of layer chicken farms has steadily decreased, new small and medium-sized chicken farms have been added, the number of cages has been stable, and there has been less random access to the market winds. The egg production is basically stable, no longer due to eggs. Excessive supply caused a substantial drop in egg prices.
2. Affected by feed price, epidemic diseases, etc., the cost of laying hens will continue to rise, and the time spent by aquaculture companies in times of low egg prices will be drastically shortened. Breeding subjects will only be able to stop breeding and stop using rigid chickens in a short period of time. The market is no longer difficult after half a year.
3. Under the existing economic model, laying hens in the middle and western regions have little potential to be exploited, and the space transformation pattern of “Northern Chicken South†is also coming to an end. The newly-raised areas will increase egg production and thus affect the market price of eggs. The factors gradually disappeared.
4. The consumption of eggs as the dominant force of the market has undergone major changes. Consumers have paid unprecedented attention to food safety and the public health security of chicken diseases, and require the industry to upgrade the layer chicken breeding industry, thus limiting the small-scale, large groups of traditional eggs. The development of the chicken industry.
In the past, high egg prices led to high enthusiasm for breeding farms. In the first half of 2014, the number of laying hens was still not high, mainly due to:
1. Affected by the loss of the market and the epidemic, the farms are generally under-funded and their ability to replenish the bar is insufficient. Farms that exit the market are not uncommon.
2. There are many large-scale breeding farms for laying hens, and their production plans are strong. It is less likely to adjust the brooding time with market fluctuations.
3. In the summer, chicks are generally avoided in farms when peak egg production occurs in winter with high viral disease.
Egg breeders have difficulty in raising forced moulting
In the eighties and nineties of the last century, layer chicken breeds everywhere, and large and small chicken farms can be seen everywhere. The aquaculture benefits are generally high. Layer chicken breeding has become the main force for rural areas in our province to become rich. At this stage, laying hens are getting harder and harder. In this regard, Mr. Wang gave an explanation:
1. The long-term small-scale, large-scale breeding model has no planning or planning in the breeding area. It is in an unordered state of development. This has resulted in the random discharge of the manure from the densely-breeded area and no treatment or little treatment. The diseased chicken is arbitrarily discarded. , causing environmental damages such as soil, air, and water, epidemic diseases are difficult to control, and the difficulty of breeding increases.
2. In recent years, some viruses that cause egg droppings and dead chickens have constantly undergone new variant strains, and even new strains of subtypes have emerged. Different evolutionary processes have appeared in different epidemic areas, further increasing the number of breeding diseases. The difficulty of prevention and control.
Forced moulting can force laying hens into a new laying cycle, because the laying rate after the moult is generally lower than the peak of the original production, and some weak, over-fertilized and diseased chickens will cause death, so it was adopted in the past. less. There are more and more forced moulting methods at this stage. Professor Wang told everyone that there are three reasons for this situation:
1. The market price of eggs is high, and the forced moulting of layer chickens in the later stage of laying eggs can prolong the profit harvesting time and obtain more profits.
2. Affected by the disease, the production cost of chicks and broilers is relatively high. Compulsory moulting can avoid brooding and investment in the rearing period. The total input-output ratio of the two production cycles is higher than that of a single laying cycle.
3. When there is an epidemic, the moulting chickens are forced to moult, and some farms believe that although some diseased and frail chickens are eliminated, the moulting chickens can still create some value.
A sharp drop cannot be achieved in healthy breeding
Many farmers asked: What are the prospects for the future breeding of laying hens, how can they better adapt to national policies and deal with market fluctuations?
Professor Wang Xuebin pointed out:
After many years of baptism and the entanglements of laying hens and chickens, most egg breeders have become quite rational and calm. They have maintained a stable breeding scale, have done a good job of prevention and control of epidemics, and increased waste disposal and death. The intensity of chemical treatment has become a consensus in the industry. Short-term fluctuations in market conditions will not have a strong impact on the mainstream development of the industry. A sustainable and healthy layer industry is in the making.
Although the increase in the output of other livestock products will have a certain degree of substitution effect on the consumption of eggs, the huge egg consumer groups caused by the population of more than one billion in China will not drastically decline in a short period of time. At the same time, the continuous processing industry of egg deep processing industry will also Drive the egg breeding industry forward.
When talking about how to do a healthy culture, Mr. Wang said: "Although the layer industry is mature compared with other livestock species, there are still many aspects that need to be improved. To ensure the healthy development of the industry, we should do well 4 Work."
1. Determine the amount of local culture stock based on local consumption. With the rise of laying hens in the south and western regions, the layer chicken industry, which mainly depends on export methods, will not be able to maintain. According to the local consumption, the local laying hens will be established to ensure market supply, avoid large market fluctuations, and expand blindly on a large scale. Reproduction is not a wise choice for the present.
2. Develop scale farming to avoid "small-scale, large groups". In the past, the “small-scale, large-group†layer chicken development model has given us a greater threat to the environment and the disease, the development of scale farming, do a good job of manure treatment, harmless treatment of dead chickens, the development of environmentally friendly eggs Chicken breeding is the future way out.
3. To technology to benefit. Each egg layer of the developed country has an annual output of 19 kilograms of eggs, a ratio of 2.20 to eggs, and a scouring rate of 6%. Each egg layer produces 18-18.5 kilograms of eggs per year, 2.38-2.4 eggs, and 10% mortality. , The general level of domestic production of eggs per layer of 15-16 kilograms of eggs, eggs than the 2.6-2.8, 20% -30% dead Amoy rate. To benefit from science and technology will be the main starting point for the development of layer chicken industry.
4. Develop deep processing of eggs and improve the industrial chain. The domestic egg consumption is mainly based, and the egg classification and processing utilization rate is less than 1%. The processed egg products are mainly based on reprocessed eggs, which account for more than 80%. The output value of deep processed eggs only accounts for 1% of the total output value of the whole egg products. The comprehensive utilization of such by-products has not been taken seriously. Only about 4 million tons of egg shells produced each year are used in animal feed as a calcium supplement. The development of deep processing of egg products will promote the leap of egg products from primary products to deep-processed products, significantly increasing the added value of profits.
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