The annual planting area of ​​corn in Miluo City, Hunan Province is about 7600 hours, and the dryland corn is about 5400 hours. In the past, the single mode of corn was once used: after corn was harvested, it was deserted, causing weeds to grow, soil compaction, and more wintering diseases and pests, which caused difficulties in plowing in the coming year, many kinds of weeds, difficulties in cultivation, diseases and insect pests, and farmers’ income. less. For this reason, in recent years, through the research on intercropping, renewal, and interplanting patterns of corn and other varieties of crops, we have summarized the efficient cultivation and innovation techniques for corn-sweet potato intercropping, and promoted them in the hilly mountainous corn producing areas in our city.
I. Promoting Maize - Significance of the Intercropping Technology of Sweet Potato
1. It will help farmers increase their production and increase income, accelerate the construction of corn in the new countryside - efficient cultivation of sweet potatoes, 400-500 //667 玉米 of corn production, 1500 3000 3,000 //667 红 of sweet potato production, and more than double the economic income for farmers. The masses actually increase production and income. If we promote the development of the sweet potato and corn processing industry, combined with the development of a recycling economy, we will surely speed up the peasants' prosperity by rushing into a better-off society and speeding up the pace of new rural construction.
2. Helping to improve the agricultural farming environment In the past, after the harvest of mountainous corn, it was deserted, and on the autumn ground, it would breed a large amount of weeds and cause soil compaction, and provided a lot of weeds and seed resources for the coming year, providing wintering for pests and diseases. Sites are very unfavorable for ploughing, planting, and weeding in the coming year, and induce severe diseases, pests and weeds in the following year. Through jade-potato intercropping, the growth of weeds is reduced. After the harvest of sweet potatoes, the soil is weathered by winter frozen soil, loosening the topsoil, forming a good aggregate structure, which is beneficial to the growth of crops, reducing weeds, pests and diseases, and greatly improving Agricultural farming environment.
3. Advantageous to give full play to the advantages of rural land resources and human resources. Maize in mountainous areas promoted maize - intercropping of sweet potatoes, increased the multiple cropping index of land, and the use of rural labor resources. At the same time, the increase in agricultural products could drive the processing industry and the husbandry industry. The development of peasants will expand the employment channels of peasants, increase the income of farmers, and give full play to the advantages of rural land resources and human resources.
4. It is conducive to the development of related industries and the construction of a rural environment-friendly recycling economy system. The city has Rongtai Potato Starch Processing Factory and Taifeng Production Cooperative, two sweet potato processing municipal leading enterprises. The annual processing capacity of sweet potato is over 30,000T, and the main production of sweet potato starch is. , fries. In addition, sweet potatoes can also produce fuel ethanol. In addition to feed, corn can also be used as raw material for the processing of fuel ethanol. Corn stalks, sweet potato vines can be used for cattle, pig feed, or gasification for fuel. The biogas can be developed from potato residue, corn grain, and livestock manure. The biogas slurry and biogas residue can be used as high-quality organic fertilizer to form an environment-friendly agricultural circular economy system.
II. Technical measures for efficient cultivation of maize/sweet potato intercropping
1, the implementation of wide and narrow rows, planting from east to west.
Maize has a wide line of 150?, a narrow line of 30?, a plant spacing of 25?, and 667 corns are planted in 2960 lines; in the broad corn line, two rows of sweet potatoes are planted in a ridge, and the plant spacing ranges from 30 to 667 lines and 2,260 sweet potato lines are planted.
2. Seedlings will be planted on March 15-20 in time, and they can also be broadcast live at the end of March and early April. Sweet potatoes will be planted in the middle and early March.
3. Transplanting corn at the right time and transplanting it from the two leaves to the three leaves. Sweet potatoes are planted at the end of April to mid-May.
4. Do a good job in corn management in the field: apply N:P2O5:K2O=1:0.5:0.8 for fertilization, apply base fertilizer, raise seedlings early, apply heavy fertilizers, use leaf fertilizers, and prevent corn borers and aphids in time. Diseases and insect pests such as praying mantis, praying mantis, and sheath blight; spraying a strong nutrient at a concentration of 50?/?
Sweet potato: The proportion of its required fertilizer is: N:P2O5:K2O=1:0.5~0.6:1.8~2.0. It should be based on the fact that sweet potato prefers potassium rather than chlorine, and less or no chloride fertilizer is used. Disperse and not concentrate. Apply basal fertilizer, apply seedlings for 10 days after planting, apply cracking fertilizers (mainly for potassium fertilizers) from August to September, apply potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea foliar fertilizers from September to October, and timely control scorpion and sweet potato leaf roller moths. , hawkmoths, baby elephants, grasshoppers. For pests and other diseases and pests, from June to July and September, the pods were sprayed with paclobutrazol at a concentration of 120-180 lbs/y, and vines were spread on vines with lengths of 1.5-2 m, controlling the occurrence of adventitious roots.
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