In recent years, the amount of chemical fertilizers used in China has increased significantly. Although it can increase the output of crops such as grain and oil, it can also cause environmental pollution and further affect biodiversity. Practice has proved that there are many benefits to using a small amount of chemical fertilizers in the paddy fields, in conjunction with the application of farmyard fertilizers.
Can provide a variety of nutrient elements Fertilizer contains only one or a few nutrients, in the long-term single application of rice fields, other nutrients will be a large number of absorption, due to lack of supplementation caused by some serious shortage of certain nutritional elements of rice, poor growth , Or a variety of diseases. The complete nutrient elements of the farmyard fertilizer can provide long-term and comprehensive supply of nutrients needed for rice growth, thereby promoting normal and robust growth of rice. In recent years, some local rice diseases have been seriously affected. One of the important causes is caused by the lack of trace elements, such as the recurrent blight in the southern rice region, which is mainly caused by zinc deficiency in rice fields. Farmyard manure contains not only the large and medium-sized elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur necessary for rice growth, but also trace elements such as iron, manganese, copper, and zinc that are indispensable for rice growth and development. In addition, the application of manure in rice fields can reduce nutrient fixation and increase fertilizer efficiency. Experiments have shown that after chemical fertilizers are applied to paddy fields, some nutrients are absorbed or fixed by the soil. For example, superphosphate is easily combined with iron and copper to form insoluble ferric phosphate and other precipitates in acidic soils, resulting in insufficient effective elements. The combination of fertilizer and chemical fertilizer can reduce the contact surface between fertilizer and soil, thus reducing the fixation of fertilizer on soil.
The long-term single application of chemical fertilizers to improve soil structure will reduce the content of humus in paddy fields year by year, destroy the soil aggregate structure, deteriorate the aeration and water permeability, and reduce soil compaction and water retention and fertility. As a result, rice yield will decline year by year; and farm manure can be used. Improve soil structure, increase soil fertility, and increase soil nutrient content. It was determined that after 2000 kg of farmyard manure and 100 kg of calcium silicate were applied per acre of paddy field, the total amount of salt exchange in 100 g of dry soil increased from 19.8 meq to 21.4 meq, and the total carbon increased from 1.11% to 1.62%. The total nitrogen content increased from 0.1% to 0.13%, and the contents of elements such as calcium, magnesium, and potassium all increased. Extensive application of farmyard manure, in which a large amount of organic matter is decomposed by microorganisms in the soil, can also produce an organic colloid with a large number of negative charges on the surface, which can adsorb positively charged ammonium, potassium, calcium, magnesium in the soil, Zinc plasma, so that they are tightly bound together, so it will not be lost due to leaching. Therefore, the more farmer fertilizers are used in paddy soils, the higher the content of organic matter, the stronger the soil fertility, and the stronger the ability to promote the formation of soil aggregates; the pores of clay can be increased and the viscosity can be reduced, thus improving Its permeability. Rice cultivation on saline-alkaline paddy fields, such as the use of decomposed farmyard manure as base fertilizer, can increase the organic matter content in the saline-alkaline soil and form aggregate structure, which can loosen the paddy soil, thereby reducing or preventing the increase of capillary water in the soil and reducing evaporation on the ground. Soil salt. If fertilizer alone is used, soil salinization will be exacerbated and the soil structure will be worse. Experiments show that organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer are applied in combination in the saline-alkaline rice paddy field, and the yield increase rate is significantly larger than that of single-use chemical fertilizer; in addition, humus formed in farmland can absorb and dissolve certain pesticides, and can form dissolved with heavy metals. The complex in water, thus effectively reducing pesticide residues and heavy metal pollution, is conducive to the production of green pollution-free rice.
It is possible to improve the low-yield cold-leafed paddy fields in the low-lying cold-padded rice fields, such as muddy fields, mountain ridge fields, and rust paddy fields, which are all high-yielding soil barriers. Cold-soaked paddy fields have common features such as high groundwater table, heavy soil quality, poor tillage performance, deeper mud layers, low water temperature, low soil temperature, and many harmful substances such as ferric ions and sulfides in the soil. Affect the increase of rice yield. The application of decomposed farmyard manure in such rice fields can provide more humus colloids, thereby reducing the soil bulk density, improving the soil structure, improving the soil's ability to retain water and fertilizer, and favoring the growth of rice roots and the absorption of nutrients by rice. Can increase soil temperature. In the decomposition process of farmyard manure, it can release large amounts of carbon dioxide and produce organic acids and other substances. The increase of carbon dioxide concentration in the air can further meet the needs of rice photosynthesis; the organic acids produced can also make the soil insoluble in the original. Inorganic mineral salts and insoluble fertilizers accelerate transformation and become nutrients that rice can absorb, thereby increasing the effectiveness of existing nutrients in paddy soils and improving soil quality in cold-waterlogged fields.
It can increase the absorption of phosphorus by rice. The fixation of phosphorus in farmyard manure by soil is small, and the phosphorus in farmyard manure is 50% to 60% soluble in water or citric acid, which can dissolve with the phosphorus in chemical fertilizer and accelerate. It is absorbed by rice. According to the Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology, the use of soil leachate from farmyard manure combined with phosphate fertilizer can accelerate the rate of phosphorus entering the roots of rice. The rate of entry into the rice roots can be increased by 3 times within 1 hour, and the speed of rice can reach above the ground faster than the control. 6 Times. This fully proves that the combination of farmyard manure and chemical fertilizer can promote phosphorus absorption of rice.
The pH of paddy soil can be adjusted. When acidic fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, etc. are applied on acidic soils, ammonium ions are absorbed and used, and sulfate is left. Sulfate is combined with hydrogen ions adsorbed by soil colloids to form sulfuric acid, which makes the soil acidic. Enhancement leads to soil compaction and soil structure destruction. If acidic fertilizers are used in combination with organic fertilizers, organic fertilizers can increase the buffering properties of the soil and adjust the acidity and alkalinity so that the soil acidity can not be very high. After the application of organic fertilizer, because of its rich organic matter, but also to improve the structure of acidic soil, improve the purpose of fertility.
It can alleviate the “small old seedlings†phenomenon and the land where the disease is applied to the farmyard manure. The soil is loose, the annual soil strength is uniform, the rice grows well, and there are few greedy youths or “small old seedlings†phenomenon, and the grains are full after maturity. At the same time, because the farmyard manure contains a large number of disease-resistant actinomycete groups, their metabolites can reduce the diseases of the crops, especially in the event of rice blast, which can reduce the incidence of rice blast.
Farming manure applied to paddy fields does have many benefits, and it is worth promoting. However, the following points should also be taken into account when using the farmyard fertilizers. First, unfamiliar manure with high cellulose content should not be mixed with nitrogen fertilizers. When a large number of farmyard manures (such as crop stalks) are decomposed by microorganisms, they need to increase the absorption of nitrogen, and accelerate the availability of nitrogen into late-effect nitrogen; second, human and animal manure cannot be mixed with lime nitrogen, ash, etc. to avoid loss of fertilizer efficiency; The unfamiliar farmyard fertilizer should not be mixed with the nitrate nitrogen fertilizer, because the denitrification can easily make the nitrogen volatilize.
Sun-Shading Net is a series of colored shade nets with special optical properties which improve the utilization of solar radiation by agricultural crops. This technology promotes differential stimulation of desirable physiological responses, which determine the commercial value of each crop. This is an economical and environmentally friendly alternative to current labor-consuming methods (such as pruning and thinning) and intensive use of growth regulators and other chemicals. ChromatiNet enables growers to control vegetative growth characteristics, such as leaf size, branch length and plant height in plants, as well as the rate of maturation and flowering. This enables adaptation to market preferences, with clear economic advantages.
Greenhouse Sun-Shading System can reduce solar load, and cool down the inside temperature and create a comfortable environment for the plants.
Greenhouse Sun-Shading System
Greenhouse Sun-Shading System,Greenhouse Shade Netting,Greenhouse Shade Cloth,Greenhouse Shading
JIANGSU SKYPLAN GREENHOUSE TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD , http://www.spgreenhouse.com