1 aromatic plant introduction
Aromatic plants refer to all herbaceous plants with special aromas and tastes, which can be divided into annual and perennial species. The English name is herb, which originated from the Latin herha, meaning green herbaceous plants. The Chinese name was "herb" or "herbaceous herb" in the early Chinese. Most of these plants are native to the coastal areas of the Mediterranean Sea. Due to the presence of aromatic compounds such as alcohols, ketones, esters and ethers, the branches and leaves will give off a pleasant aroma. Most aromatic plants have strong adaptability to the climate and are relatively cold and cool. Most regions in China can be cultivated.
At present, the demand for aromatic plants at home and abroad is relatively large, but its output is relatively low and cannot meet market demand. Taking lavender as an example, the annual demand in the international market is 3 000 t, and the total annual production in the world is 2 000 t. The gap between supply and demand is relatively large. According to estimates, the world's demand for aromatic plants grows at a rate of 5% per year, which requires a planted area of ​​aromatic plants to grow at a rate of 21% per year. Therefore, aromatic plants are economic crops with broad market prospects. The introduction of aromatic plants has been carried out in various parts of China. Aromatic plants have been cultivated in many areas in China, especially in the southern regions and Xinjiang region where research time is long and cultivation area is large.
2 uses of aromatic plants
2.1 Greening and Fragrantization of City and Home
At present, the greening of urban areas in China has developed a lot, but "fragrant" is still insufficient, and aromatic plants have aroma throughout the whole growth cycle, which is the best supplement to fill this gap. Similarly, aromatic plants can be used as ornamental plants both inside and outside the home. They also have unique aromas and are able to disperse mosquitoes. They are very valuable plants. At present, many coastal cities in China have planted aromatic plants outside newly built villas and have potted aromatic plants for sale.
2.2 Upscale Health Food
Aromatic plants have a variety of medical effects, and the therapeutic effects are particularly prominent. In this era of advocating health, eating aromatic plants has become a fashion. Science has proved that long-term consumption of certain aromatic plants can play a role in disease prevention and physical fitness. At the same time, westerners spend a long time eating aromatic plants, so many aromatic plants are often used as main dishes or ingredients in high-end Western foods and are expensive.
2.3 unique flavor of vanilla tea
Since ancient times, scented plants can be used as tea beverages, such as jasmine and chrysanthemum. Many aromatic plants can also be made into herbal tea for human consumption. Tea made from aromatic plants has tea and floral aromas at the same time. The refined vanilla tea smells like a flower and it's refreshing.
2.4 High value-added aromatic plant processing industry
Aromatic plants can extract aroma substances, which are an important part of flavoring agents for food, tobacco, cosmetics, and hygienic products, and have a very high market value. The essential oils extracted from aromatic plants can be directly used as high-grade health products in the health field, and are also the raw materials for producing high-end perfumes. Aromatic plant processing is a highly marketable industry.
2.5 Other application values
The dried aromatic plants still retain their aroma and continue to maintain their health benefits. Therefore, aromatic plants can be used to make furniture, handicrafts, and accessories such as incense, vanilla pillows, and sachets. In addition, aromatic plants are still rare plants in China and have unique ornamental values. Therefore, cultivation of aromatic plants can also become an important part of leisure and sightseeing agriculture.
3 The main species of aromatic plants
(1) Thyme: A perennial herb of the Labiatae family. The stems grow on the ground and are often branched. Native to southern Europe, it is now cultivated in Shandong, Shanxi, Henan, Shaanxi and Gansu provinces.
(2) Oregano: Alias ​​滇 薷, 白 茵, 土 薷, 薷 薷 薷 薷 薷 薷 薷 为 为 为 为 为 为 为 为 为 为 为 为 为 为 为 为 为 为 为 为 为 为. The whole plant has an aromatic odor and is native to Europe and is distributed from the Mediterranean coast to India. There is also a small amount of cultivation in other parts of Asia and the northern part of North Africa. It is distributed in North China and Northwest China to the south of the Yangtze River.
(3) Basil: alias Lingling, Maulao, etc., is an annual herb of the family Kolanaceae, originating from the tropical regions of Asia and Africa, and cultivated in the central, southern, and eastern parts of China, such as Henan and Anhui. Provincial cultivation is more, and other provinces are less developed and utilized.
(4) Lavender: Lamiaceae, a perennial evergreen sub-shrub, native to the Mediterranean coast and the Oceania Islands. The whole lavender plant has a light aroma, and the aroma does not change after the plants are dried.
(5) Shen Xiang Ju: Alias ​​hyssop is a perennial herb (semi-shrub) crop of the Labiataeaceae, which is cultivated in the north for more than one year. Shen Xiang Ju is widely distributed, from the Mediterranean coast of southern Europe to Asia Minor and Central Asia, through the Altai Mountains to Siberia.
(6) Sage: Also known as sagebrush, Lamiaceae, a perennial grassy plant native to the Mediterranean coast and southern Europe. Commercial cultivation is mainly distributed in Spain, Italy, Yugoslavia, Greece, Albania, and Turkey, while Arab, U.S., and Canada have a small amount of cultivation.
4 cultivation techniques
(1) Thick and hardy leaves prefer dry climates such as lavender and rosemary. The leaves are soft and need appropriate water and fertilizers, such as honeybee leaves, lemongrass, and mint are more watery. When watering, wait until the soil is slightly dry and then pour so as not to suffocate the root and die.
(2) Pay attention to the ventilation of the cultivation place at any time, and prune the branches immediately. When pruning, be careful not to cut too much at one time to avoid stimulating too much, and sprouts will not come out and cause death. Pay attention to the high temperature after the heavy rain in summer and it is easy to get root rot.
(3) In the period of rapid growth, some organic fertilizers are applied on the surface of the soil. When the water is applied, the fertilizer will penetrate into the roots and be absorbed to help the growth and development.
(4) Aromatic plants contain special odors that are repellent to certain pests. However, we must pay attention to pests during the seedling period, such as aphids and tussock moths. In particular, care should be taken not to use the old cultivated soil to grow aromatic plants, because the pathogenic bacteria in the soil can become a source of infection.
5 breeding techniques
5.1 Preparation before sowing
5.1.1 Seedlings for nursery nursery It is recommended to use seedlings or nursery pots instead of sowing directly in the ground. Direct sowing in the ground, the soil spread more pests and diseases, the ground temperature is lower, moisture and humidity are not easy to control, affect the germination rate. Cave saplings also facilitate statistics of germination rates, and do not damage the roots during transplanting.
5.1.2 Nursery Substrate Seedling substrate requires loose soil, good air permeability, water and fertilizer, clean and disease-free, and good fertility. The commonly used substrates are peat soil, coco peat, perlite, vermiculite, and are generally used in a mixture. For example, peat 85% + perlite 10% + vermiculite 5%. Peat should not be too fine, perlite particle diameter 3 ~ 4 mm, vermiculite particle diameter of 3 ~ 5 mm ideal.
5.1.3 Put the pots and mix the pots after mixing, and do not need to compact them during the potting process. Gently level the pots, otherwise the physical properties of the base will be changed, and the permeability of the base will be reduced.
5.1.4 Watering The bottom water shall be soaked with a fine nozzle. The size of the water droplets is not to impinge on the soil surface and to keep the soil surface flat. After watering, use a fungicide to water again. The commonly used agent is chlorothalonil.
5.1.5 Soaking Seed coat soft and thin soaking with cold water, seed coat thicker available warm water (20 ~ 25 °C) soaking, pay attention to control the water temperature. Seeds can be sowed before germination, and can be advanced about 10 days.
5.2 Sowing
5.2.1 Seeding Density Seed sowing can be based on the actual situation of each seed sowing 1 or more. Planting nursery pots, the general species can broadcast 1 000 to 2 000 seeds per square meter. First divide the seeds evenly into several portions according to the area of ​​the sowing and nursery pots, one for each pot.
5.2.2 sowing larger seeds can be evenly spread on the substrate, or drilling, smaller seeds such as thyme, can be mixed with clean sand and then broadcast. Particularly large seeds such as sage can be ordered on-demand.
5.2.3 Depth of sowing and depth of sowing are determined by the size of the seed and the photo-neutrality of the seed germination. The seed sowing depth is generally 2 to 3 times the seed diameter. Some varieties germinate need light, do not need to cover the substrate, broadcast directly on the soil surface; some varieties need to be slightly covered; some seed coverage should be slightly thicker, broadcast deeper. The recommended covering material is rough stone, which has good water retention and breathability.
5.2.4 Spraying After sowing, or after covering, spray the water with a fine mist sprayer and drench it so that the seeds are in full contact with the substrate and the covering material.
5.2.5 Covering The seedling basin shall be covered with glass, plastic film or plastic film to maintain the air humidity. Can not cover the film in summer, cover film can not be sealed, both sides must be ventilated.
5.2.6 Shading If summer sowing, must be shaded, otherwise the light is too strong, the water evaporates vigorously, will affect the seed germination.
5.3 Management after seeding
5.3.1 Temperature According to the requirements of the specific species to give the appropriate temperature, most of the seed germination temperature between 20 ~ 25 °C. Temperatures that are too high and too low will directly affect the germination rate of the seeds.
5.3.2 Moisture management after moisture sowing is critical. When the soil temperature in winter is low at night, the water loss will be less. Therefore, there is no need for water supply or less water supply at the seedling stage. If the soil temperature is high, spray water shall be applied according to the actual needs at the seedling stage. In the summer, when the seedlings are growing, the water evaporates quickly and must be replenished at any time according to the actual situation. If the seeds are very fine, in order to prevent the water from scouring, the water can be replenished by dipping.
5.3.3 Light In addition to the darkness that certain species require when germinating, most seeds are conducive to germination under light conditions. The seed must receive light after germination, otherwise it will make the seedlings grow.
5.3.4 Removing the cover After the seeds have germinated, timely remove the cover. 60% to 70% of the seeds should be peeled off after the cotyledon is unfolded to avoid seedling growth. At the same time, the humidity of the substrate still needs to be maintained, so that the cotyledons of the ungerminated parts of the seed successfully protrude from the seed shell.
5.3.5 Seedlings usually leave only one seed per hole to avoid poor ventilation and affect growth.
5.3.6 Transplanting Seedlings When they are suitable for transplantation, they must be planted or planted in time, otherwise they will easily lead to leggy and production delays. The time for all kinds of seedling transplants varies, depending on the actual situation.
6 The Feasibility of Developing Aromatic Plants in Tianjin
6.1 climatic conditions
The origin of the aromatic plants is in the Mediterranean region, with a latitude of 30 to 40 degrees north latitude. The latitude of the Tianjin area is basically the same as in this area. The light conditions are very favorable for the growth and breeding of aromatic plants. At the same time, many previous studies have shown that aromatic plants are more adaptable to temperature, like cold, cold and drought, and the climate in Tianjin can meet the growth needs of aromatic plants.
6.2 Market demand
At present, research on aromatic plants in China has made some progress, and cultivation has also reached a certain area. However, there are few studies on aromatic plants in the northern regions, and there are many problems to be solved in this area. At the same time, the utility value of aromatic plants has not been fully reflected in the northern regions, and the market prospect of aromatic plants in the region is still very broad. Therefore, the introduction of successful aromatic plants in the Tianjin area and their promotion have important social and economic implications.
HEBEI PINGLE FLOUR MACHINERY GROUP CO., LTD , https://www.plrollermill.com