Mushrooms are rich in protein, low fat, low calorific value, tender meat, delicious taste, have a variety of health care functions such as anti-cancer, anti-hypertension, and are popular in the market. However, outdoor cultivation of straw mushrooms is greatly affected by the natural climate, and the temperature and humidity are not easily controlled by humans, and it is difficult to achieve ideal production. In recent years, the cultivation of straw mushrooms in the solar greenhouse has achieved very good results. The optimum temperature range for the temperature growth of the mushroom fungal strains is 15°C-40°C, the most suitable temperature is 30°C-35°C, the temperature range for fruit body growth is 26°C-34°C, and the optimum temperature is 28°C-30. °C, it takes only one month from the time of stacking to mushrooming, and it is the type with the highest demand temperature and the shortest growth cycle in the cultivated edible fungi. According to the temperature requirement of straw mushroom and different cultivation conditions in different regions, the appropriate cultivation period can be selected respectively. Selection of strains Because of the different types of plants in different regions, it is very important to select high-quality and high-yield varieties according to local conditions. The selection criteria for varieties are high yield, high quality, and strong resistance to stress. At present, V23, VB1, Gv-35, 1318, and white straw mushrooms are mainly used. Culture material processing 1. Cultivation raw material formula. The raw materials for cultivation of straw mushroom are very extensive, including rice straw, grain straw, wheat straw, and weeds. 2. Culture material processing. Whichever raw material is selected, it should be dry and free of mildew and exposed for 2-3 days before production. Newly harvested wheat and straw should be thoroughly dried, otherwise they will easily fail due to feed acid. Before the cultivation, a pond was dug near the greenhouse, and wheat straw and lime were alternately laid in the pool in proportion to a layer of wheat straw and lime. When stepping on the grass, after laying the pool, use a heavy object to press the grass and fill the pool. After soaking wheat straw for 24-48 hours, remove it and drain it to Mingshui to spray 50% carbendazim WP and 0.1% of 80% DDVP in the total amount of dry matter 0.1%-0.2%. PH value between 9-12. 3. Fermentation of cultures. The above-mentioned processed wheatgrass was piled out into a mortar, which was 1.5 meters in height and 1.5 meters in width. The length was not limited. After being piled up, cover the plastic film, heat and moisture to facilitate fermentation. When the central temperature of the wheat straw pile rises to about 60°C, it is kept for 24 hours. Then it is turned and the outside wheat straw is turned into the core. The wheat grass inside is turned to the outside so that the wheat straw can be evenly fermented. When the temperature of the center has risen to 60°C after turning, it will be maintained for another 24 hours, and the fermentation will be terminated after repeating 3-4 times of fermentation. The fermentation time is generally about 10 days. The key to the length of fermentation is whether the fermentation temperature is acceptable. After the fermentation is over, check the quality of the fermented wheat straw. The standard of high-quality fermented wheat straw is soft texture, it is pulled and broken, the surface is dewaxed, the hand is elastic, golden yellow, there is a straw smell, there is a small amount of white mycelium, the moisture content is about 65%-70%, the PH value is about 9 . Cultivation methods 1. Mushroom treatment. Remove front stalks from the solar greenhouse, deepen the soil in the exposure room, loosen the soil layer, level the ground, fill the bottom water at one time, and spray 5% formaldehyde and 50% phoxim EC at 800 times. 2. Wave type cover soil cultivation. Mushrooms can be cultivated without covering the soil, but they are normally covered in the soil on the surface of the material, which is beneficial to moisturizing and supply the water required for the growth of the straw mushroom. Covering the soil is an effective way to increase the yield of the straw mushroom. The soil used for the cover requires fertile, loose, and good water retention. The formula for self-contained nutritious soil is: high-quality vegetable garden soil or 15 cm or less soil surface. After shattering, add 4 kg grass ash, 0.5 kg urea, 1 kg phosphate fertilizer and 2 kg lime per 110 kg soil. 3. Temperature control. Straw mushroom is a kind of thermophilic thermophilic fungus, and the hot and cold climate is extremely unfavorable to fruit body growth. 3 to 4 days after sowing, the main insulation is used. With the increase of material temperature, especially when the material temperature is higher than 40°C, it is necessary to remove the film and lower the temperature so that the material temperature is controlled at 35°C-38°C and the temperature is controlled at 30°C-32°C. When fruit body formation and mushroom body development, the material temperature is maintained at 30°C-35°C, and the temperature is maintained at 28°C-32°C. 4. Humidity control. Generally take the form of a combination of irrigation and water spray. Before sowing, the boring machine shall be soaked with water. The mulch film on the ridges after sowing should not be uncovered in the first few days so that the moisture content of the culture material can be maintained at 65%-70%. The relative humidity of the air should be controlled at 85%-90%. When the humidity is not enough, the ditch can be filled with water or sprayed. When watering, be sure not to infiltrate the block. When spraying, try not to spray on the surface. During the mushrooming period, the relative humidity of the air should be increased to 90%-95%. Generally, the water is filled into a furrow so that the trampoline is moistened to maintain the water content in the culture material and sprayed into the space to increase the relative humidity of the air. The spray should use clean water, the temperature of the water is close to the temperature, and light spray and ground spray can be done. It is not advisable to spray water directly on the block, and it is strictly forbidden to spray water on the mushroom buds. 5. Ventilation and light. Straw mushroom is a kind of aerobic fungus, the mycelial growth period of aerobic less, more oxygen in the mushrooming stage, greenhouse cultivation should pay attention to ventilation, but can not be ventilated too quickly, or cause sudden changes in temperature, unfavorable straw mushroom growth, generally Slow air convection is better. Ventilation of fruiting period should be combined with water spray and moisturizing. The specific method is to open a small part of plastic film on the material ridge and open the mushroom shed for 15-20 minutes every day at noon. After the mycelium is covered with mash, the mulch is removed. During fruiting, spray to the ground and space before ventilating, and then ventilate for about 20 minutes, 2 to 3 times a day. It is better to use scattered light for lighting. In the early stage of germination, the light should be weak. Four to five days after planting, until the end of mushrooming, light should be properly strengthened. It is advisable to read newspapers with light intensity and avoid direct sunlight. 6. Miscellaneous bacteria and pest control. Coprinus agaricus: Use fresh culture materials as much as possible, use it for 2 days before exposure, or soak raw materials with lime water; control the nitrogen content of the culture materials, and add no more than 5% of wheat bran or rice bran when fermenting or fermenting. Animals should be 3%. No matter what kind of material is used for cultivation, it is best to use two fermentations to greatly reduce the pollution of Coprinus; control the moisture content of the culture material within 70% during fermentation to ensure high-temperature fermentation to obtain high-quality pile materials, and at the same time, to cultivating materials and ingredients When adjusting the pH of the culture material to about 10. Mold: Common Trichoderma viride, Mucor and Streptomyces. Chemicals commonly used for the control of molds include 5% stearic acid, 2% formaldehyde, 1:200-fold 50% carbendazim, 75% thiophanate-methyl, and lime water with a pH of 10, and in addition, they are scattered to the pollution site. Lime face, the control effect is also very good. Mushrooms: The cotton balls are dichlorvos, placed on the bed base material surface, and then covered with a plastic sheet, the use of drugs volatile fumigant material, chlorpyrifos; with 50% of the omethoate 1000 times, chrysanthemum music Mixed ester 1500 times, special 500 times liquid spray killing; spray 400 times with detergent continuous spray 2-3 times, also has a good killing effect; the fresh pork bone on the bed Discharged between the phases, when the locusts cluster on it, the bones can be opened in the water for a while to kill the maggots, repeated several times until no defects on the bed. Mushroom fly: Drainage ditch is set around the mushroom field to remove water and spray it regularly with 0.5% dichlorvos. The culture material is fermented 2 times to kill the material larvae and eggs. The black light lamp is used to slay. Timely harvest generally 10-12 days after sowing, when the mushroom buds have quail egg size, you can harvest. Use 1 time in the morning, evening, and evening to prevent the opening of the umbrella to reduce the value of the goods. Each mushroom can be harvested continuously for about 20 days. After each harvest, it is possible to spray mushroom paste and various nutrient solutions on the material surface to extend the harvest period and increase the yield.
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