At present, with the growing demand for domestic and foreign markets for Agaricus bisporus, the artificial cultivation techniques of Agaricus bisporus are gradually maturing. Under the premise of the entire resources integration, this article describes in detail how the fermentation of Agaricus bisporus fermentation materials, but also the reorganization of the entire agricultural organic chain, more economical and more environmentally friendly. If you want to quickly ferment better agaricus cultures, first of all, what are the conditions that affect the growth of Agaricus bisporus? 1. Nutrition: Agaricus bisporus is a kind of saprophytic fungus, which depends entirely on the nutrients in the culture material for growth and development. The carbon sources that can be used by Agaricus bisporus are glucose, sucrose, maltose, starch, vitamins, hemicellulose, and lignin. They must be digested into simple carbohydrates by other microorganisms and enzymes secreted by Mycelia . The sources of nitrogen that can be used by Agaricus bisporus are urea, ammonium salts, peptone, amino acids, etc. The growth of Agaricus bisporus also requires certain mineral elements such as phosphorus, potassium, and calcium, and trace elements such as iron and molybdenum. Therefore, in the preparation of culture materials, in addition to the main raw materials such as feces, but also in accordance with a certain ratio of urea, ammonium sulfate, superphosphate and other fertilizers and gypsum, lime, to promote the rapid fermentation of culture materials can also be added to the treasure Edible mushroom cultivation material fermentation agent, to meet the growth and development needs of Agaricus. 2, temperature: mycelium growth temperature between 5-33 °C, the optimum temperature is 23-25 ​​°C, less than 5 °C slow growth, higher than 25 °C mycelium growth is fast, but thin and weak, easy to aging , more than 32 °C hyphae tends to decay or yellow, inverted, so that the growth stops. The fruiting bodies can be formed at 7-22°C, and the optimum temperature is 15-18°C. In this temperature range, the fruiting period lasts only about 3 months. In the range of 13-18 °C, the fruiting period can be maintained for 6 months. The fruiting bodies formed at lower temperatures are white, stout, mushroom-shaped and full-bodied, and have a high yield. During the formation of fruit bodies, especially from the young buds to young mushrooms, the temperature can only maintain the original temperature, not to make it rise, otherwise it will cause a large number of thin-skinned hard-opened mushroom or a large number of mushroom buds atrophy and death. Because the hyphae are essentially like interconnected “tubesâ€, the mycelium kinks at the lower temperature to form mushroom buds. Nutrients are transported to the buds for growth through the flow of protoplasm in the hyphal cells. If the temperature rises, especially if the temperature rises. The high temperature time is long, and the mycelium transfers the nutrients in the buds to the surrounding hyphae for the hyphae to grow. As a result, a large number of young buds die. Spore emission temperature is best at 18-20 °C. If it exceeds 27 °C, it is a mature fruiting body and it will not send out spores. The temperature of spore germination is best at 24-26°C. Excessively high or low temperature will prolong the germination time or not germinate. 3. Moisture and Humidity: The water needed for the growth of Agaricus bisporus is derived from the air relative humidity of the cultivation material covering soil and the cultivation place. In the growth phase of Agaricus bisporus mycelium, the moisture content of the culture material is required to be 60-65%. Less than 50% of the mycelium grows slowly, many hyphae are fine, and it is not easy to form fruit bodies. When the oxygen content is lower than 70%, the growth of mycelia of Agaricus bisporus is also affected. The moisture content of the overburden should be maintained at about 18-20%. Overdrying will affect the development of mycelium and young mushroom and degrade the quality of Agaricus bisporus. During the mushrooming period, the relative humidity of the air should be controlled between 85-90%. If it exceeds 95%, water droplets will remain on the cap for a long time, and various bacterial lesions will easily occur; if less than 70%, the surface of the cap will harden, and even cracking will occur. If it is less than 50%, small Mushroom buds will die and die. 4. Air: The aerobic fungi of the genus Agaricus need plenty of fresh air, both during the growth stage of the mycelia and during the fruiting body. The CO2 concentration in the germination phase should be controlled within 0.034-0.1%. If the mushrooming stage exceeds 0.1%, the cap will be small, the stipe will be slender, and the umbrella will be easily opened. If the CO2 concentration is higher than 0.5%, it will inhibit the differentiation of fruiting bodies, stop the mushrooming, and cultivate the hyphae in the material. It grows vigorously and grows to the surface of the soil. Therefore, timely ventilation should be provided to provide sufficient fresh air. 5. Light: The growth of Agaricus bisporus does not require light, and the entire process can be carried out under completely dark conditions. The fruiting bodies that grow in the dark environment are white in color, rounded in shape, and of good quality. However, when the fruiting body is generated, it is better to have scattered light stimuli. At this time, the mushroom room light should not be too bright. For example, if the light is too bright, the surface of the mushroom body is easy to dry and yellow, and the quality is reduced. 6, pH (PH value): Agaricus bisporus mycelium can grow between pH 5.8-8.0, the most appropriate PH value is about 7. As the mycelium produces carbonic acid and oxalic acid during the growth process, accumulation of these organic acids in the culture material and the cover soil will cause the environment in which the mycelium lives to gradually become acidic and the pH value will decrease. Therefore, at the time of sowing, the pH of the culture medium should be adjusted to between 7.8 and 8.0; the pH of the soil particles should be adjusted to about 8.0, which will not only facilitate the growth of mycelium, but also inhibit the occurrence of mold. After understanding the conditions affecting the growth of the Agaricus bisporus, the following describes how to make the Agaricus bisporus culture material. 1. Formula of culture materials and requirements for various materials (1) Formula: wheat straw 6000kg, dry cow manure 6000kg, urea 80kg, ammonium bicarbonate 50kg, superphosphate 150kg, lime 200kg, cake fertilizer 200kg, and golden baby mushroom cultivation Feed starter 6kg, rice bran or wheat bran 60kg. (2) Material requirements: The wheat straw should be bright yellow without mildew and dried. Any straw that has been rotted by the mold can't be used. The purity of comminuted dried cow dung is required to be above 80%. If there is more soil, it is necessary to increase the amount of cow dung. (3) The proportion of manure is generally 4:6 or 5:5. In the preparation of culture materials, there were too many feces and grasses, and the ventilation of the culture materials was poor. However, there were few grasses and many excrements and the culture materials had good ventilation but poor nutrition. Therefore, when composting, in addition to manure, cake fertilizer and fertilizer should also be added to supplement nutrients and increase looseness. 2. Processing methods before cultivation of composting materials (1) Pre-wetting of culture materials: The straw is first cut into 2–3 cm long and soaked in 5% lime water for 4 hours. (2) Pre-stacking: the soaked wheat straw and cow dung and cake manure, superphosphate, gypsum and calcium carbonate are crushed, mixed and mixed, and then diluted with rice bran or wheat bran to dilute the cultivated agent Evenly thrown into the material, fully mix the material, ready to build a heap. 3. Construction of piles and turnings (1) Preparation before building piles: Before building piles, superphosphate, urea, gypsum, and calcium carbonate should be crushed, mixed well, and then mixed well with pre-wet cow manure and cake fertilizer. Mixing and mixing materials while building a pile of side sprinkled in Golden Baby edible mushroom culture material fermentation agent, while spraying with urea water to maintain the material moisture content of 60% -65% (judge method is: hand grab a material, finger see watermark but Not drip, landing is suitable for casual), heap width of 2 meters, 1.5 meters high, arbitrary length. (2) Turning: The temperature can be raised to 70-75°C within 3 days after the pile is built, and the first turning is performed at this time. 3 to 4 days when the temperature reaches 65°C again, it will fall again. 4. It may be normal for temperature to rise rapidly to 70-75°C at the beginning of temperature-controlled fermentation. However, it should be turned over immediately, and the high temperature above 75°C cannot be maintained for a long time. Will cause a greater loss of nutrients culture materials, affecting production. In the later period, measures such as removing the cover, increasing the density of punching holes, replenishing water, lowering the height of the pile, and tipping over were used to control the temperature within an appropriate range. 5, humidity control along with the sharp rise in the temperature of the material pile and the constant accumulation of heat, moisture in the material will be a large number of evaporation loss, it is also overturning, but also according to the specific circumstances of timely replenishment (0.5% quicklime water is better) The last replenishment and turning should be completed at the same time. When sowing, the raw water should be avoided as much as possible so as not to cause strains to be eaten after sowing. 6. It takes about 10-15 days to complete the fermentation of Agaricus blazei culture material, and the moisture content is about 65%. It is usually brown, the surface is covered with white hyphae, there is no aromatic smell of ammonia, and it is not sticky and flexible, and the straw straw is lightly pulled. That is broken, indicating the completion of the fermentation. For details, please contact: Beijing Huaxia Kangyuan Technology Co., Ltd. Telephone Toll Free Hotline:
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