Appropriate application of phosphate fertilizer in phosphorus-deficient soils has a good effect on improving the yield and quality of crops. Some farmers' friends mistakenly believe that the more phosphorus fertilizers are used, the better. In fact, excessive application of phosphate fertilizers is not only unprofitable but also harmful.
One is the excessive application of phosphate fertilizer, will make the crop absorb excessive phosphorus from the soil nutrition. Too much phosphorus nutrition will promote the crop's respiration to be too strong, and the dry matter consumed will be greater than the accumulated dry matter, which will lead to the premature development of the reproductive organs, cause premature crop maturation, small grains and low yield.
The second is to induce zinc deficiency in soil. Excessive application of calcium phosphate will cause zinc in the soil to react with excess phosphorus, produce zinc phosphate precipitation, the crop can not be absorbed, so that the crop appears obvious symptoms of zinc deficiency; excessive use of calcium phosphate, phosphate fertilizer and other alkaline phosphate fertilizer, will make the soil alkali As a result, the effectiveness of zinc is reduced, which affects the absorption of zinc by crops.
Third, over-application of phosphorus will cause crops to lose phosphorus and phosphorus, especially for silicon-based grass crops. For example, silicon-bearing crop rice, if it can not absorb more silicon from the soil, will produce stalks slender, lodging and poor resistance to disease and other symptoms of silicon deficiency.
Fourth, over-application of phosphorus will result in phosphorus deficiency in crops. Appropriate application of phosphate fertilizer will promote the absorption of molybdenum by crops, but excessive application of phosphate fertilizer will cause phosphorus and molybdenum to lose their nutrient balance, affect the absorption of molybdenum by crops, and show "molybdenum deficiency."
The fifth is the accumulation of harmful elements in the soil. Phosphate fertilizers are mainly derived from phosphate ore. Phosphorus ores contain many impurities, including cadmium, lead, and fluoride. Moreover, the application of phosphate fertilizer will cause an increase in soil cadmium, and this cadmium is highly effective, easily absorbed by crops, causing harm to humans and animals.
Sixth, excessive application of phosphate fertilizer will cause the deterioration of soil physical and chemical properties. Calcium superphosphate contains a large amount of free acid, which is continuously applied in large quantities and causes soil acidification. Calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizers contain 25% to 30% lime, and their heavy application will exacerbate soil alkalinity and physicochemical properties.
What is the appropriate amount of phosphate fertilizer? In general, even in soils deficient in phosphorus, the application rate per acre cannot exceed 40 kg, preferably 30-35 kg.
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