Prevention of Black Head Mushroom Disease

Disease symptoms Mushroom blackhead disease, also known as bacterial brown spot, has a great influence on the production of mushroom. Bacteria generally only infiltrate the tissue on the fruit body surface. At the initial stage of fruit body impregnation, small yellow or brown discolored areas appear on the surface of the cap, and then become dark brown pitting lesions. The lesions are round, oval or irregular, and the color is deepened and adjoined into irregularities. Large-sized spots, under wet conditions, have a thin layer of bacillus on the surface of the lesions, giving off odors. After drying, the caps crack and form asymmetrical fruit bodies. Flammulina spp. lesions were dark in appearance and dark brown in color. The center was grayish in the wet and sunken in the central part. The lesions on the stipe were rhombic, brown, with roten, and the outer circle was dark. In the case of severe disease, the lesions are lumped together, making the stipe completely brown, unable to stand upright, having mucus, and finally the whole mushroom becomes dark brown and even rot.

Occurrence conditions The internal cause of the disease is the non-disease resistance of the variety. The external cause is high temperature, high humidity, or spraying of unclean water to bring the bacteria to fruiting bodies. Water droplets or excessive humidity for a long time on the surface of the cap is very beneficial to the occurrence of the disease. Poor ventilation can aggravate the development of the disease, and moderate temperature conditions are suitable for the disease.

Preventive measures to keep the mushroom farm clean, timely removal of mushrooms and waste; mushroom house, bed frames, utensils, etc. before using Venus disinfectant 50 times solution or 2% of the bleach solution, etc., thoroughly disinfected, especially the original disease is heavy Mushroom shed should pay more attention to disinfection; mash must be mixed with water in the ratio of 1:1000; high-toxicity, high-residue antifouling agents should not be used; culture materials should be thoroughly sterilized when cultivated; The mushrooming period controls the temperature of the mushroom room below 15°C, avoids high temperature and high humidity, and enhances ventilation. If the temperature rises suddenly, measures should be taken to reduce the temperature, such as opening the window, uncovering the film, shading, etc. Pay attention to the temperature fluctuation in the mushroom room can not be too large to prevent condensation of water vapor, resulting in water film; found timely removal of mushrooms, and immediately increase the amount of ventilation, pause or reduce water spray, quickly reduce the temperature, and medication to control the degree of disease, If you can spray 5% lime water on the surface of the material, you can also spray 100 ~ 200 units of streptomycin solution or 300 units of oxytetracycline solution, mushroom bed before and after application of water for 1 day, interval 3 ~ 4 days again, 3 times in a row The above can effectively control the spread of diseases. When the disease is severe, you should first remove the mushrooms, clean the material surface or cover the soil before spraying according to the above method.

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