The comprehensive prevention and control of tea pests and diseases in organic tea gardens is in fact coordinated prevention and control. It is based on the basic situation of tea production in each tea plantation, integrating the characteristics of various pest occurrences and the degree of harm, and determining the period of prevention and control according to local conditions and choosing appropriate agricultural, biophysical, plant mineral pesticides, plant quarantine and other pests. Prevention and control measures to achieve effective control of pests and diseases, harmless to humans and animals, and technical measures for tea and environmental pollution.
I. Comprehensive control of diseases and insect pests in new organic tea gardens
1. Conscientiously do a good job planning the construction of a garden and build a good three-dimensional ecological environment for tea gardens. Do a good job in tea plantation production planning. Shade trees and green manure crops should be planted on roadsides, corners, between rows, on ridges, and on the walls of ladders. Build a water reservoir to open a reservoir. For three consecutive years, the management of tea gardens will be used to dig deep-buried green manure and organic fertilizers for soil improvement.
2 Strict plant quarantine. When introducing good seedlings and nursery stocks, we must fully understand the occurrence of pests and diseases that are not available locally and in the field, and conduct the quarantine requirements in accordance with local requirements according to local needs. For cuttings and seedlings to enter the garden, they must be quarantined strictly before they are brought into the tea garden to prevent new pests from colonizing, spreading and spreading in the local area.
3. Select pest resistant tea varieties. According to the needs of the production of commercial tea, choose the appropriate disease-resistant varieties. The organic tea gardens mainly producing green tea can be selected from Fuding Dahao Tea, Longjing 43, Fuyun 20, Jiulong Dabai Tea, etc. It is also possible to use varieties of oolong tea and green tea, such as Dangui, Meizhan and Baiye Qilan; Oolong tea-based tea gardens can use Jiulongpao, Huang Guanyin, Osmanthus, Polygonaceae No. 1, cinnamon, narcissus and so on.
Second, the tea pest prevention and control technology
1. The original green tea area mainly consisted of Fuyun 6 can be combined with low-improvement tea plantation, suitable for planting Fuyun No.20, Fuding Dahao, Longjing No.43, etc., as well as Huang Dan, Mei Zhan, Dan Gui etc. Oolong tea and green tea are both used. For tea areas with oolong tea processing conditions and sales channels, Dangui, Jiulongpao, Huangguanyin, and Yankei No. 1 can be changed.
2. Agricultural control. It is the use of agricultural cultivation and management techniques to control the occurrence and harm of tea plant diseases and pests. In particular, it is necessary to do a good job of the clear gardens in winter, the ploughing in spring and summer, and the deep plowing in autumn, which will help improve the soil moisture and remove weeds and diseases and pests; rational tea tree pruning and picking; scientific application of organic fertilizers and the use of oil tea Cake fat or other crop cake fertilizer; reasonable irrigation and drainage. Development of green manure in tea gardens to increase the activity of natural enemies in tea plantations and to control pests.
3. Manual killing and predation by poultry. For the group of pests can be directly killed by manual killing methods. Such as tea caterpillars, tea silkworm larvae are very strong clusters, can open the insect branch into nicotine water or 1% soap; tea gardens in the laying of domestic chickens can prey on a variety of pest larvae, mites, adults; Insect worms and leaf insects can be removed directly.
4. Biological and physical control. These two methods of prevention and treatment are harmless to humans and animals and do not pollute tea and the environment. Biological control is to actively create a good living environment suitable for natural enemies, birds, frogs, etc., which can effectively control the tea pests causing economic harm to tea plants. Many diseases and insect pests in tea production cannot cause harm to tea plants because of the natural control of these natural enemies. In production practices, such as stocking parasitoids for controlling leaf roller moths, codling moths, tea caterpillars, etc.; use of pathogenic microorganisms to treat insect pests, production of Beauveria bassiana is used more often, and 0.1-0.2 billion/ml of spore liquid is sprayed in tea gardens. The control effect of pests such as tea caterpillars, ulnar caterpillars, leaf roller moths and elephant armor species amounts to 70% to 80%. Beauveria bassiana 871 strain powder 2 kg/mu poisonous soil control Lizard weevil; using bacteria to treat insect pests, widely used in production are Bacillus thuringiensis, "Bt" bacteria on the scales of tea, silkworm, teat, tea caterpillar and other scales The leaf insect pests of the winged insects have a good control effect; the use of viruses to treat insects, the production of more use of tea caterpillars, ulnar gills, tea moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus, that is, a small amount of liquid in the tea mouth of a large density of insect population When the larvae are dead in large numbers, collect the insect corpses and dry them in the refrigerator with the insect storage box. When the field larvae are to be harmed, remove the insect corpses and put them into a small amount of water for soaking. Then, filter the gauze and dilute the filtrate into a virus solution. At 1 to 2 years of age, Mu sprays 40 to 50 worm cadaver leaching fluids with a control effect of more than 90%.
The physical control is mainly the trapping and killing method, and the main applications in production are mainly light trapping, sweet and sour trapping, and bait trapping, etc. Sex information trapping and killing are less used.
5. Green pesticide control. The application of green pesticides is non-toxic and harmless, and there are no environmental problems. However, the use of green pesticides must be applied at the right time in the younger stages of pest larvae. The commonly used production of rotenone (also known as rotenone) has contact and stomach poisoning effects on pests. The use of Lubricant 7.5% rotenone EC 500 times for tea green leafhopper control, if you can spray twice within 24 hours, the effect can reach 70% to 80%. Rotenone cannot be mixed with alkaline pesticides. It is highly toxic to fish and should be used to prevent lice and fish ponds. Matrine is extracted from the roots of Sophora flavescens and has contact and stomach poisoning effects on pests. With 0.3% bitter alkali aqueous solution 1000 times to prevent tea green leafhoppers, the best election in the cloudy days 4 o'clock or evening spray, spray control within 24 hours twice the best effect. The efficacy of bitter caustic soda is relatively slow and should be applied 3 to 5 days in advance. Azadirachtin is extracted from Neem tree and is a new type of biopesticide with high efficiency and low toxicity. Aiba brand 0.3% azadirachtin EC 600 times liquid spraying, for tea green leafhopper and other pests have an ideal control effect, application time should be controlled in the low-larvae larvae, selected on cloudy days 4 o'clock or evening. The slower effect of Neem tree should be applied 2 to 3 days in advance, and can not be mixed with alkaline pesticides. The standards of the above-mentioned green pesticides were all lower than those of Organic Tea.
6. Mineral pesticide control. Mineral pesticides mainly include copper sulfate, Bordeaux mixture, lime sulfur, oil emulsion, and wet sulfur, among which the most common are Bordeaux and lime sulfur. The 0.6%～0.7% lime half-type Bordeaux mixture has good control effects on tea plant diseases and mosses, and should be controlled before the spring tea sprout half grain size before and after the autumn tea harvest; stone sulfur mixture has insecticidal, killing and Sterilization of various effects, but also good control effect on scale insects, but this drug is easy to produce phytotoxicity should be strictly used standards, generally used for the prevention and treatment of pre-winter tea garden Qingyuan, tea production period does not use the drug, high temperature and drought Do not use this medicine either.
Author: Shaowu City Bureau of Agriculture
I. Comprehensive control of diseases and insect pests in new organic tea gardens
1. Conscientiously do a good job planning the construction of a garden and build a good three-dimensional ecological environment for tea gardens. Do a good job in tea plantation production planning. Shade trees and green manure crops should be planted on roadsides, corners, between rows, on ridges, and on the walls of ladders. Build a water reservoir to open a reservoir. For three consecutive years, the management of tea gardens will be used to dig deep-buried green manure and organic fertilizers for soil improvement.
2 Strict plant quarantine. When introducing good seedlings and nursery stocks, we must fully understand the occurrence of pests and diseases that are not available locally and in the field, and conduct the quarantine requirements in accordance with local requirements according to local needs. For cuttings and seedlings to enter the garden, they must be quarantined strictly before they are brought into the tea garden to prevent new pests from colonizing, spreading and spreading in the local area.
3. Select pest resistant tea varieties. According to the needs of the production of commercial tea, choose the appropriate disease-resistant varieties. The organic tea gardens mainly producing green tea can be selected from Fuding Dahao Tea, Longjing 43, Fuyun 20, Jiulong Dabai Tea, etc. It is also possible to use varieties of oolong tea and green tea, such as Dangui, Meizhan and Baiye Qilan; Oolong tea-based tea gardens can use Jiulongpao, Huang Guanyin, Osmanthus, Polygonaceae No. 1, cinnamon, narcissus and so on.
Second, the tea pest prevention and control technology
1. The original green tea area mainly consisted of Fuyun 6 can be combined with low-improvement tea plantation, suitable for planting Fuyun No.20, Fuding Dahao, Longjing No.43, etc., as well as Huang Dan, Mei Zhan, Dan Gui etc. Oolong tea and green tea are both used. For tea areas with oolong tea processing conditions and sales channels, Dangui, Jiulongpao, Huangguanyin, and Yankei No. 1 can be changed.
2. Agricultural control. It is the use of agricultural cultivation and management techniques to control the occurrence and harm of tea plant diseases and pests. In particular, it is necessary to do a good job of the clear gardens in winter, the ploughing in spring and summer, and the deep plowing in autumn, which will help improve the soil moisture and remove weeds and diseases and pests; rational tea tree pruning and picking; scientific application of organic fertilizers and the use of oil tea Cake fat or other crop cake fertilizer; reasonable irrigation and drainage. Development of green manure in tea gardens to increase the activity of natural enemies in tea plantations and to control pests.
3. Manual killing and predation by poultry. For the group of pests can be directly killed by manual killing methods. Such as tea caterpillars, tea silkworm larvae are very strong clusters, can open the insect branch into nicotine water or 1% soap; tea gardens in the laying of domestic chickens can prey on a variety of pest larvae, mites, adults; Insect worms and leaf insects can be removed directly.
4. Biological and physical control. These two methods of prevention and treatment are harmless to humans and animals and do not pollute tea and the environment. Biological control is to actively create a good living environment suitable for natural enemies, birds, frogs, etc., which can effectively control the tea pests causing economic harm to tea plants. Many diseases and insect pests in tea production cannot cause harm to tea plants because of the natural control of these natural enemies. In production practices, such as stocking parasitoids for controlling leaf roller moths, codling moths, tea caterpillars, etc.; use of pathogenic microorganisms to treat insect pests, production of Beauveria bassiana is used more often, and 0.1-0.2 billion/ml of spore liquid is sprayed in tea gardens. The control effect of pests such as tea caterpillars, ulnar caterpillars, leaf roller moths and elephant armor species amounts to 70% to 80%. Beauveria bassiana 871 strain powder 2 kg/mu poisonous soil control Lizard weevil; using bacteria to treat insect pests, widely used in production are Bacillus thuringiensis, "Bt" bacteria on the scales of tea, silkworm, teat, tea caterpillar and other scales The leaf insect pests of the winged insects have a good control effect; the use of viruses to treat insects, the production of more use of tea caterpillars, ulnar gills, tea moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus, that is, a small amount of liquid in the tea mouth of a large density of insect population When the larvae are dead in large numbers, collect the insect corpses and dry them in the refrigerator with the insect storage box. When the field larvae are to be harmed, remove the insect corpses and put them into a small amount of water for soaking. Then, filter the gauze and dilute the filtrate into a virus solution. At 1 to 2 years of age, Mu sprays 40 to 50 worm cadaver leaching fluids with a control effect of more than 90%.
The physical control is mainly the trapping and killing method, and the main applications in production are mainly light trapping, sweet and sour trapping, and bait trapping, etc. Sex information trapping and killing are less used.
5. Green pesticide control. The application of green pesticides is non-toxic and harmless, and there are no environmental problems. However, the use of green pesticides must be applied at the right time in the younger stages of pest larvae. The commonly used production of rotenone (also known as rotenone) has contact and stomach poisoning effects on pests. The use of Lubricant 7.5% rotenone EC 500 times for tea green leafhopper control, if you can spray twice within 24 hours, the effect can reach 70% to 80%. Rotenone cannot be mixed with alkaline pesticides. It is highly toxic to fish and should be used to prevent lice and fish ponds. Matrine is extracted from the roots of Sophora flavescens and has contact and stomach poisoning effects on pests. With 0.3% bitter alkali aqueous solution 1000 times to prevent tea green leafhoppers, the best election in the cloudy days 4 o'clock or evening spray, spray control within 24 hours twice the best effect. The efficacy of bitter caustic soda is relatively slow and should be applied 3 to 5 days in advance. Azadirachtin is extracted from Neem tree and is a new type of biopesticide with high efficiency and low toxicity. Aiba brand 0.3% azadirachtin EC 600 times liquid spraying, for tea green leafhopper and other pests have an ideal control effect, application time should be controlled in the low-larvae larvae, selected on cloudy days 4 o'clock or evening. The slower effect of Neem tree should be applied 2 to 3 days in advance, and can not be mixed with alkaline pesticides. The standards of the above-mentioned green pesticides were all lower than those of Organic Tea.
6. Mineral pesticide control. Mineral pesticides mainly include copper sulfate, Bordeaux mixture, lime sulfur, oil emulsion, and wet sulfur, among which the most common are Bordeaux and lime sulfur. The 0.6%～0.7% lime half-type Bordeaux mixture has good control effects on tea plant diseases and mosses, and should be controlled before the spring tea sprout half grain size before and after the autumn tea harvest; stone sulfur mixture has insecticidal, killing and Sterilization of various effects, but also good control effect on scale insects, but this drug is easy to produce phytotoxicity should be strictly used standards, generally used for the prevention and treatment of pre-winter tea garden Qingyuan, tea production period does not use the drug, high temperature and drought Do not use this medicine either.
Author: Shaowu City Bureau of Agriculture
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