Occurrence and Comprehensive Prevention and Control

Fox is a carnivorous animal and has a small gastrointestinal volume. The length of the intestine is only 4 to 5 times longer than the body length. Therefore, it is only suitable for diets mainly based on animal feeds; it is easy to trigger production if it does not pay attention to scientific feeding and management. Ketosis should be given great attention. In 1993-1995 alone, the author contacted three large groups of patients in western Liaoning Province. Although timely medical treatment did not result in excessive economic losses, it had a greater impact on the growth of young foxes and the health of adult foxes. From the young fox to the skinning period, the average body size is smaller, and the elimination rate of adult foxes is significantly higher than in previous years; if the diagnosis and treatment can not be accurately diagnosed and treated in time, it will not only cause great economic losses to the breeder, but also even threaten to destroy the whole group. ?


1 What is the occurrence of the disease?

1.1 Clinical symptoms and diagnosis

The appetite of the diseased fox decreased or was abolished, the nose was dry, the spirit was depressed, the activity was reduced, and there was eyelid; the fox body temperature, breathing, and heartbeat in most cases were all normal; the urine was acidic. The occurrence of this disease is also manifested as young fox is heavier than adult fox, and the individual with strong appetite is in the most severe condition. The incidence of blue fox is heavier than that of silver and black fox, and the incidence is higher than that of silver and black fox. The pathogenesis of the disease is generally longer, and it often occurs in large groups. Sudden death and death rarely occurs. A group of foxes does not affect the nearby foxes. According to the clinical symptoms and pathogenesis can make a preliminary diagnosis. ?

1.2 Relationship with Feed and Feed Management

From July to August, it is the growth and development of young foxes. In order to meet the needs of rapid growth and development, feeds usually use high-fat, medium-protein and low-carbohydrate feeds, resulting in maladjusted fox metabolism. Because the carbohydrate level is too low, the fox body can no longer meet its energy needs by relying solely on the combustion of carbohydrates, and it needs a certain amount of fat and protein to provide energy; however, fats and proteins are not catabolized and burned in the body. Carbon dioxide and water are produced as completely as carbohydrates, and a large amount of pyruvic acid and other intermediate products, ketone bodies, are produced. The production of ketone bodies and the conversion and utilization of ketone bodies are unbalanced, and when severe, they cause ketosis. ?

In the case of unscientific feed ratios, inadequate drinking water can induce and aggravate the condition of ketosis. ?

1.3 Seasonality

Most of the cases of oxystilosis occur during the hotter months of July to August. Fox is a long-haired fur animal, skin sweat glands are not developed, very afraid of heat, hot weather this season, fox body water loss is greater, so it is particularly easy to promote the occurrence of ketosis under the synergies of various other factors. In summer, shading is usually poor, and poorly ventilated fox farms are more likely to occur. Several cases of the exposure to the disease by the author occurred in this season, while other seasons were less frequent. ?

1.4 The effect of vitamin B 1 on the occurrence of ketosis

Vitamin B1 is one of the carboxylated coenzyme components. Carboxylate coenzyme can decarboxylate and detoxify pyruvate, which is the intermediate product of metabolism. Therefore, in the absence of vitamin B1, the synthesis of carboxylated coenzymes will be affected, in brain tissue and blood. The pyruvate will accumulate in large amounts and cause ketosis. In feeding foxes, feeding of freshwater fish that has not been cooked, the thiamine enzyme in the body and the oxidative rancidity of the feed will destroy vitamin B1 in large quantities, leading to the accumulation of ketone bodies in the fox. ?

2 Control measures

2.1 Treatment

For diseased foxes, in order to reduce lipolysis, produce more ketone bodies and promote the elimination of ketone bodies, enter 20% glucose intravenously; To ensure the normal synthesis of carboxylated coenzymes and promote the conversion of ketone bodies, vitamin B1 0.5 is added daily during infusion. Mg; to correct acid-base balance, intravenous sodium bicarbonate injection; According to the clinical manifestations of the disease, in order to prevent secondary infection, antibiotics can be added in the infusion. Feeding needs to be adjusted to increase the amount of drinking water. ?

2.2 Feed Adjustment

Onset foxes should generally adopt feed therapy. To reduce the proportion of animal feed, in particular to reduce the proportion of fat-rich feed, increase the proportion of carbohydrate-rich cereal feed and the ratio of vegetables in the diet. Adding the right amount of sugar in the feed is beneficial to rapidly increase the blood sugar level of the fox body and reduce the production of ketone bodies. Adding 2 to 3 mg of vitamin B1 in the diet daily can increase the decarboxylation and detoxification capacity of the animal body. After 7 to 15 days of adjustment, after the foxes return to normal, they can resume normal feeding. ?

2.3 Prevention

During the vigorous growth of foxes in July-August, high-fat, medium-protein, and low-carbohydrate diets should be used. When dealing with the three major nutrients, we must use protein as the core, first determine the amount of protein to be at mid-year level (the highest winter hair growth period), and then select the corresponding fat and carbohydrate in the three major nutritional relationship list Levels, and within the range of the float, select fat caps, while carbohydrates choose lower levels. Never fail to select the fat level to the highest level in different periods, resulting in excessively high fat levels; nor can you choose the lowest level of carbohydrates in different periods, resulting in too low carbohydrate levels, resulting in malnutrition of the follicle due to malnutrition , which leads to ketosis. ?

Fox family carnivorous animals, feed should pay attention to the addition of vegetables to meet the fox body needs of vitamins and promote normal gastrointestinal motility; pay attention to the addition of various vitamin additives to meet the needs of vitamins in different periods. In order to maintain the normal metabolism of the fox body and prevent the occurrence of ketosis, vitamin B1 0.4 mg should be added to the diet, and the Arctic fox should increase the amount.

?

In the hot season, the fox should adopt free drinking water. Early feeding should be properly advanced. Late feeding should be delayed properly. Noon feeding and feeding should be faster to reduce the oxidative rancidity of the feed. Freshwater fish should be used to keep the fox and the freshwater fish should pay attention. Cooked. Pay attention to the ventilation of the fox farm. Sprinkle water frequently on the ground to prevent the fox body from direct sunlight.

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