New dawn of synergies in mushroom industry
- Decomposing bacteriostatic bacteria and feedstuffs with straw decomposition agent
Wang Shantang
First, the birth of straw decomposition agent continues the edible fungus production industry chain
China is a big country in agriculture and has abundant crop resources. In addition to producing large amounts of grain, it also produces more than 500 million tons of crop straw every year. The use of straw, sawdust, etc., can produce culture medium for mushroom production, opening up a new industry and consuming a large amount of straw. However, the remaining culture medium after the harvesting of the edible fungi, bacilli, cannot be used. Due to the huge output of bacillary dysentery, it cannot be used, causing pollution to the environment. How to deal with bacillary dysentery has long been a major headache for the edible fungus industry.
In response to this problem, Wang Shantang, former director of the Institute of High-tech Application of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry of Xingan League in Inner Mongolia, conducted a special study to develop a straw decomposer and use a straw decomposer to decompose bacillary dysentery into a bacillary dysentery for feeding various animals. birds. It not only makes full use of bacillary waste, protects the environment, but also develops culture, reduces breeding costs, and improves economic efficiency. The birth of straw decomposer technology continues the industrial chain of edible fungus production, bringing new hope for the production of edible fungi in China.
The edible fungus industry chain model diagram is as follows:
Second, the nutritional value of bacteria
The production of edible fungi requires the preparation of a culture medium. The culture medium is mainly composed of crop stalks, hardwood saws, and fertilizers. There is a large amount of cellulose and crude protein in the straw and saw. The sterilized raw materials are packed in plastic bags to form edible mushroom culture blocks. Planting edible fungus strains on the culture medium block to produce edible fungi. After three months or so, the harvesting of the edible fungus ends, and the edible culture medium block becomes a fungus.
From the mushroom culture medium block to bacteria, its composition has undergone great changes. Edible fungus can produce a large number of complex enzymes that decompose cellulose, hemicellulose, crude protein, and peroxidase that degrade lignin during the growth and propagation of the medium. The cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and crude protein in the culture medium can be decomposed into glucose, ketone compounds, amino acids, etc., for the growth and reproduction of edible fungi to form a fruit body. After the fruiting body is harvested, a large number of macromolecules in the original culture medium are degraded, and a mycelial protein is produced, the cellulose content can be reduced by about 50%, the lignin content can be reduced by about 20%, and the absorbable protein is also significantly increased. Therefore, it is rich in polysaccharides, amino acids, and trace elements such as iron, calcium, zinc, and magnesium. In addition, it also contains a certain amount of chemical substances such as alkaloids, organic acids, peptides, sterols, and triterpene saponins. Although there is a certain amount of nutrients inside the bacilli, it is not feasible to directly feed the animals and poultry. The main reason is that there are still a lot of crude fiber, crude protein, lignin, and other substances that cannot be digested in bacillary dysentery. There is also a certain amount of toxic substances in bacillary dysentery. Therefore, bacteria can not do feed without scientific treatment.
Third, using straw decomposer to break down the principle of bacillary dysentery bacilli feed
The straw decomposer is a biologically active enzyme preparation composed mainly of various enzymes and enzyme activators. Its function is to degrade cellulose, hemicellulose, and crude protein, degrade cellulose into polysaccharide, and finally degrade into glucose. Crude protein degrades into polypeptide, polypeptide degrades into amino acid, and glucose and amino acid can be directly absorbed by animal. Straw decomposition agent has a certain softening effect on lignin. Then the enzyme in the straw decomposer has a certain detoxification effect, which can reduce the toxicity of bacillary dysentery. After treated with straw decomposer, the bacillary dysentery greatly reduced the content of non-digestible substances, greatly improved the digestibility, and greatly reduced the toxicity of bacillary dysentery. Therefore, after treatment with a straw decomposer, the fungus can be used as a feed to feed all livestock and poultry.
IV. Decomposing bacteriostatic bacteria and feedstuffs with straw decomposition agent
1, the choice of bacillary dysentery: the selection of non-malarial mildew bacillary dysentery, because of deterioration, mildew bacillary dysentery can produce toxins can not be used. Sawdust content in mash is less than 20%.
2, bacillary dysentery treatment. After the bacteria are collected, the water content of the bacteria is high. If the bacteria are stored in the first place, they must be dried in the storage and the dried bacteria should be crushed to a fine shape.
3, dissolved straw decomposition agent. Take 500 grams of straw decomposer, first use a small amount of water to add decomposer, stir with a stick, add water while stirring, the straw decomposer into a paste, and then add water to 100-150 kg or so, (with cool water in summer, the most winter Use warm water and stir well to make straw decomposer turbid liquid.
4, the production of bacillary feed
(1) Weigh 75 kg of smashed sphagnum powder and pour the turbid solution of the straw decomposer into the sphagnum powder and mix well. The amount of water is adjustable. , just dripping water is appropriate.
(2) Place the mixed material in the tank or cement tank, compact it, and cover it with plastic cloth.
(3) The covered material should be biochemically reacted at room temperature for 2 hours, and cold in winter at 0°C or above for 4-6 hours to produce bacillary feed, which can be fed to livestock and poultry.
How to feed livestock and poultry with bacillary feed
Traditionally ruminant animals are fed with forage plus concentrates, and monogastric animals are fed with concentrates. The bacillary dysentery feed is scientifically processed since it is produced from edible fungi. It cannot completely replace the full-priced feed, but it can partially replace the full-priced feed for livestock and poultry.
1. Feed the pigs with bacillary feed.
Finishing pigs: Piglets can be fed without bacteria, 25kg later feed bacteria feed, start feeding should be less added, bacteria feeds accounted for about 10%, full price materials accounted for about 90%, gradually increase the proportion, 50kg after the bacteria feed can Added to about 30%, the full price of materials accounted for 70%, after 70kg - slaughter feed can account for 50-60%, the full price of materials accounted for 40-50%.
Sows: Bacterial feeds account for 60-70%, and full-price feeds account for 30-40%.
2. Feeding chickens with bacillary feed: Bacterial feed can account for 20%, and full feed accounts for 80%.
3. Feeding geese with bacillary dysentery feed: Bacillus feed accounts for 70%, and full-price feed accounts for 30%.
4. Feeding cattle with bacillary feed: In the concentrate, bacillary feed can account for 20% to 30%.
VI. Benefits of Feeding Livestock and Poultry with Feeds
The fungus is made of bacillary dysentery feed, and the nutrients in the bacillary dysentery are fully released due to the action of the straw decomposer. At the same time, the full price of feed is also fully degraded, so that the conversion rate of the entire feed is significantly increased. Save the investment of full price materials and reduce the cost of breeding. In the case of raising pigs with bacillary feed, the cost of breeding can be reduced by about 30%. A fattening pig begins to fatten after 25kg. After three months of fattening, it weighs about 110kg. Consuming bacillary feed is equivalent to 75kg of dry matter, 0.5kg of straw decomposer, and 120kg of fine material, saving about 100kg of refined material, reducing The cost of aquaculture is 100 kg 1.60 yuan/kg - [75 kg (bacteriophage) 0.40 yuan/kg + 15 yuan (decomposition 500 grams)] = (160-45) yuan = 115 yuan. The conclusion is: Under the condition that the growth rate is basically equal, the use of bacillary dysentery feed and full-price feed in combination with pig-raising pigs can reduce the cost by more than 100 yuan per pig. This means that the benefits will increase by more than 100 yuan. The economic benefits of feeding animals such as cattle, chickens and geese with bacillary feeds are all significant.
Feeding livestock and poultry with bacillary feed not only has significant economic benefits, but also has good social benefits. The use of straw decomposer to decompose bacillary dysentery bacilli to feed, to find a way for the use of value-added for the waste bacteria produced by edible fungi, eliminate the environmental pollution caused by bacillary dysentery and conducive to environmental construction. Bacterial feeds replaced some of the food, reduced the amount of feed used, alleviated the contradiction between humans and livestock, and benefited the country’s food security. The development of bacillary feed has greatly reduced the cost of breeding, increased social wealth, and opened up a shortcut for rural areas to rely on breeding to become rich.
Seventh, the establishment of edible fungus, aquaculture production combined mode, increase the economic benefits of the industry chain
Edible mushroom production and aquaculture production are two unrelated production industries before straw decomposition agent technology. Since the straw decomposing agent was born, the use of straw decomposing agent to decompose the bacteria to produce bacteria and feedstuffs can feed livestock and poultry, and the production of edible fungi and straw decomposer for aquaculture production are closely linked, resulting in close supply and demand for both industries. relationship. The waste of edible fungus was previously abandoned or burned, polluting the environment and wasting resources. In the aquaculture industry, due to the high price of food and feed, the cost of breeding has kept the cost of breeding high. How to develop cheap feed and reduce the cost of breeding has become a major problem in the breeding industry. The success of the use of straw decomposer in the development of feed for maggots has led to the elimination of environmental pollution and waste utilization, which has reduced the cost of breeding and increased the economic benefits of the breeding industry. Based on the above analysis, the original edible fungus production enterprises can establish scale-matching breeding production, fully utilize the bacillary dysentery produced by edible fungi, develop aquaculture production, and form a combined mode of edible fungi and aquaculture production, thereby obtaining the duality of edible fungi and aquaculture production. benefit. Therefore, the use of straw decomposer to decompose bacillary dysentery bacilli and feed to develop aquaculture is a new dawn for the efficiency of the edible fungi industry.
May 2006
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