Winter pruning, also known as dormancy pruning, is the pruning of the body before the spring flower buds defoliate. The so-called "winter shear tree wang", at this time most of the nutrients have been transferred from branches and leaves to the main branches and roots of the fruit tree and stored. The pruning causes the least loss of nutrients to the fruit trees and less damage to the trees. Because of the absence of leaves, it is easy to observe and analyze the structure of the crown, and predict the shape of the crown after the shoot is grown, which is conducive to modeling. Therefore, winter pruning is an important pruning period for fruit tree bonsai, and the main content and task is the whole crown shape of fruit tree bonsai.
Retraction
Retractive pruning, abbreviated as shortening, is to cut away the perennial branches. The key to retractive pruning is to look at the thickness of the retracted branches and the strength of the cut branches, and grasp the reduced areas. Light leg retraction, cut branches to stay stretch or drooping branches, can promote their hair, to reduce the height or reduce the effect of the crown. For branches with perennial branch retraction, use the method of “rejection of small wormsâ€, ie, keep short branches under the excision, in order to enhance the “control before propulsion†force and speed up the sprouting of the rear branch.
Retreat into the blind spot (ie the junction of the spring tip and the autumn tip) with the annual oblique branches that are not flower buds once a year, and wear the live caps on the strong branches (leaves several buds above the blind spot), and wear them on the weak branches. Dead caps (cut in the middle of the blind spot, without leaving any buds) can promote early fruiting; growth, results in perennial branches or branches of the result sticks, overlap, plus "peripheral advantage", the results of the parts moved year after year , The loose canopies are loose and strong and weak, and the pruning heads are changed heads. The branches are trimmed upwards, and the elevations are raised so that the canopy can be updated and rejuvenated. The canopy structure can be adjusted to make the canopy even and compact, and the crown size can be controlled to achieve an ideal crown shape.
Shearing
Also known as thinning pruning, it removes perennial or annual branches from the base, and is mostly used in the formation of diseased and diseased branches of trees, dry and dry branches, thin and thin branches within the crown, densely clustered branches, overlapping overlapping branches, peripheral bumps, and auxiliary branches. Over-straight, over-influenced trees or unusable non-valued shoots are used to improve the ventilation and light conditions of the crown, enhance light intensity, increase photosynthesis, and produce accumulated nutrients.
Shearing has a weakening effect on the vigor of the fruit tree. The larger the cut, the greater the weakening effect. Therefore, it must be measured as a whole. In accordance with the principle of “thinning and thinning, thinning and staying strong,†it follows. Grasping the strength and weakness of the branches, the size of the thickness, and the number of branches are the key to the construction of the branches. When the branches are relatively thick and in large numbers, they should be carried out in batches. This year, sparsely branches, and then sparse a few more branches next year, you must not spam too much at the same time, and do not cause “opportunity injury†so as not to weaken the fruit trees too much and cause death. .
Long release
Long-term release, ie, slow release, rejection, that is not to cut part of the annual branch, let it continue to grow. The key to long-term deployment is to grasp the growth and subordination of long-term branching. When the backbone branches are relatively weak, and the auxiliary branches are strong, the long-term branches and branches should be placed to control the auxiliary branches and weaken their growth; More often, when the amount of sparse is large, it may be applied to a small number of long and long branches, but it must be combined with summer pruning to control its growth. If the growth is still prosperous in the second year after long-distance release, feasible short cuts are possible. Or dredging. After the long-term results are released, retreats or short cuts should be given depending on the species, species, growth, and other conditions in order to be updated and rejuvenated.
It is not allowed to put off the elderly or not to cut, so as to avoid coronary disorders and the levels are unclear. At the same time, the branches are closed, which is not conducive to air and light transmission.
Short cut
Short cuts can germinate buds below the clip and promote branching.
According to the length of the cut branches, it can be divided into light and short cuts, short cuts, heavy short cuts, and extremely heavy short cuts. Different severity, the response after trimming is not the same. Light and short cut-offs stay long, many buds and eyes, and nutrients are not concentrated. It is easy to send more middle and short branches, which is conducive to the formation of flower buds; short and mid-section cuts account for about two-thirds or one-half of spring shoots. The middle and long branches are more likely to grow and grow stronger. They are generally used for large branch cultures or for rejuvenation of weak branches; short short cuts are left with a relatively short section, which promotes the development of small and strong shoots, suitable for culturing branches or branches. Renewal; extremely heavy and short cuts are shorter, leaving only one or two axillary buds, weak branching ability, low branch position, close to the main trunk, suitable for handling upright branches, leggy branches, and competing branches, making the crowns compact and beneficial Canopy update.
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