Severe abuse of antibiotics Antibiotics are considered to be one of the greatest inventions of the 20th century medical community. Due to the widespread promotion and use of antibiotics, plague, tuberculosis, dysentery and many other infectious diseases that have historically been misconducted have been controlled. During World War II, penicillin alone allowed thousands of death-threatening soldiers to survive.
However, it is a drug three-point poison. Now, due to the abuse of antibiotics, we will return to the dark years before the birth of antibiotics - 80,000 people in China die of antibiotic abuse every year! China is a big country in the use of antibiotics and a big producer of antibiotics. It is estimated that China produces approximately 210,000 tons of antibiotics each year, exports 30,000 tons, and the rest are for personal use (including medical and agricultural use). The per capita annual consumption is about 138 grams (US only 13 grams). According to the monitoring results of national bacterial resistance of the Ministry of Health from 2006 to 2007, the annual utilization rate of antibacterial drugs in hospitals across the country is as high as 74%. No country in the world uses antibiotics on such a large scale. In developed countries such as the United States and Britain, the use of antibiotics in hospitals is only 22% to 25%. In China, the use rate of antibiotics is as high as 70% in hospitalized patients, and almost every one of them uses antibiotics, which is as high as 97%. According to the disease classification survey from 1995 to 2007, infectious diseases in China accounted for 49% of the total incidence of all diseases, of which bacterial infectious diseases accounted for 18% to 21% of all diseases, 80% were due to the abuse of antibiotics. The Chinese people have used antibiotics as the most commonly used medicine for the family. As long as people have a bit of headache and fever, they will habitually eat a few tablets. If they are not seriously ill, they will not go to the hospital. In order to spend less money or plan to save time, just go to the pharmacy to buy some medicine to eat on the line, so China's pharmacies are very large, walking in the street, you can find a pharmacy in a few steps, and more than half of them are antibiotics, and patients It can be bought arbitrarily and does not require prescriptions prescribed by doctors. The sales restriction order issued by the State Food and Drug Administration in 2004 has become "a piece of paper" and is in name only. In Western Europe and other developed countries, the supervision of antibiotics is very strict and in place. The purchase of antibiotics requires a prescription issued by a professional doctor. These conditions indicate that China has become one of the countries with the most serious abuse of antibiotics in the world.
The breeding industry is also a hard-hit area for the abuse of antibiotics. According to media reports, half of China's antibiotics are used clinically and half are used in animal husbandry. Experts estimated that 97,000 tons of the approximately 210,000 tons of antibiotic raw materials produced in China each year are used in animal husbandry, accounting for 46.1% of the total annual output. Since the discovery of low concentrations of antibiotics in feeds in the 1950s not only prevented animal diseases, but also promoted the growth of livestock and poultry, various antibiotics have been widely added to feeds. Due to the relatively low culture and quality of employees in the aquaculture industry in China, driven by the quest for maximum economic benefits, many people ignore social responsibility and food safety, and only pay attention to immediate benefits and add or excessively add antibiotics in feed. In order to control the residues of antibiotics in animals, many antibiotics can only be used at specific animal stages and have a certain period of drug withdrawal. For example, it is forbidden to use olaquindox in feed for poultry and pigs over 35 kg in weight; sulfonamides, aminoglycosides, and macrocyclic propyl esters require more than one week of drug withdrawal period before animal products are on the market; Oxytetracycline Furazolidone and furazolidone requirements were withdrawn five days before slaughter. However, few people actually do this in the actual breeding process. From the birth of animals to slaughter, there is no abuse of antibiotics throughout the entire production cycle.
The danger of misuse of antibiotics The original function of antibiotics is to treat diseases by killing or inhibiting pathogenic bacteria that enter the body. It is not an essential nutrient for animals. It is not necessary to be added in the daily feed, and it should not be added in feeds in large doses. Health and food safety hazards.
Drug Resistance Since the beginning of August 2010, India, Pakistan, Canada, Belgium, the United Kingdom and Japan have reported that there have been super bacteria (NDM-1) infections. At least 170 people have been infected worldwide, causing multiple deaths. . Superbug (NDM-1) was first discovered in an Indian-Swedish Swedish urinary tract infection patient who carried a novel metal beta-lactamase and was resistant to all beta-lactam antibiotics in India, Europe, America, and Asia. Many countries in the world have discovered such super bacteria. There have also been reports from Hong Kong and Taiwan, China, and certainly from the Mainland. On October 26, 2010, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention reported three cases of infection with super-resistant pathogenic bacteria, including one death. In 2011 in Hangzhou, China, experts in the study of super bacteria also discovered "super bacteria" MRSA bacteria that are resistant to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus in patients in intensive care units.
Antimicrobial resistance to bacteria is becoming more common. Taking Streptococcus pneumoniae as an example, the status of drug resistance is very serious. Not sensitive to penicillin more than 20%, insensitive to macrolide up to 75.4%, insensitivity to cefaclor up to nearly 30%. The emergence of a large number of drug-resistant bacteria has caused great harm to health care and society, which may lead to the failure of anti-infective treatment, prolonged hospitalization, and even the death of the patient. In the 1960s, the number of people who died of infectious diseases in the world was about 7 million each year, and this figure rose to 20 million by the beginning of this century. The number of people who died of sepsis increased by 89%, and most people died of drug difficulties caused by superbugs. It usually takes about 10 years to develop a new antibiotic, and the generation of a generation of resistant bacteria takes only a short time. Obviously, the rate of development of antibiotics is far behind the rate of reproduction of drug-resistant bacteria, and the beauty of using antibiotics to save lives will disappear.
Antibiotic residues that are randomly added or excessively added to feed antibiotics can cause antibiotics to accumulate in livestock and poultry products such as meat, eggs, and milk. They enter the human body through the food chain and cause people to indirectly contact antibiotics every day, leading to the effect of antibiotics when people are sick. disappear.
Destroying microorganisms in the intestinal microflora of animals is somewhat harmful, and many are beneficial. Some of the vitamins they synthesize are essential for the body, but antibiotics do not selectively inhibit or kill them together. Therefore, the abuse of antibiotics will also destroy the balance of the animal's intestinal microflora, affect the animal's ability to digest nutrients and animal growth performance.
Immunosuppressive sulfa drugs used in animal larval stage will inhibit the bone marrow hematopoietic function, causing neutropenia, hemolytic anemia, aplastic anemia and other conditions. Chloramphenicol acts on the thymus, which can cause the cortex and medulla boundaries to be abnormal; on the spleen, it can make the follicles disappear and the white pulp structure loose; acting on the cecum tonsils can reduce the lymphoid tissue and also damage the liver tissue. And kidney tissue, destroy the hematopoietic function of the bone marrow, comprehensively destroy the immune response, so that the animal's resistance and immunity are severely reduced. Studies have also demonstrated that streptomycin, erythromycin, cephalosporin, and polymyxin B all inhibited immune function and impaired body resistance.
Side effects Streomycin, kanamycin can cause dizziness, tinnitus, deafness. Gentamicin, kanamycin, polymyxin, vancomycin, bacitracin can damage the kidneys. Erythromycin, lincomycin, and doxycycline can cause gastrointestinal reactions such as anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Ciprofloxacin can have mild gastrointestinal side effects; chloramphenicol can cause leukopenia or even aplastic anemia.
In addition, antibiotics also have toxic side effects such as gene mutation, malformation, and induction of cancer. According to the Beijing Daily, under the age of 7 children in China have had as many as 300,000 deafnesses due to unreasonable use of antibiotics, which account for 30% to 40% of deaf-mute children, compared with 0.9% in some developed countries. In hospitalized infectious patients, the mortality rate of drug-resistant bacteria infection was 11.7%, and the mortality rate of common infection was only 5.4%.
However, it is a drug three-point poison. Now, due to the abuse of antibiotics, we will return to the dark years before the birth of antibiotics - 80,000 people in China die of antibiotic abuse every year! China is a big country in the use of antibiotics and a big producer of antibiotics. It is estimated that China produces approximately 210,000 tons of antibiotics each year, exports 30,000 tons, and the rest are for personal use (including medical and agricultural use). The per capita annual consumption is about 138 grams (US only 13 grams). According to the monitoring results of national bacterial resistance of the Ministry of Health from 2006 to 2007, the annual utilization rate of antibacterial drugs in hospitals across the country is as high as 74%. No country in the world uses antibiotics on such a large scale. In developed countries such as the United States and Britain, the use of antibiotics in hospitals is only 22% to 25%. In China, the use rate of antibiotics is as high as 70% in hospitalized patients, and almost every one of them uses antibiotics, which is as high as 97%. According to the disease classification survey from 1995 to 2007, infectious diseases in China accounted for 49% of the total incidence of all diseases, of which bacterial infectious diseases accounted for 18% to 21% of all diseases, 80% were due to the abuse of antibiotics. The Chinese people have used antibiotics as the most commonly used medicine for the family. As long as people have a bit of headache and fever, they will habitually eat a few tablets. If they are not seriously ill, they will not go to the hospital. In order to spend less money or plan to save time, just go to the pharmacy to buy some medicine to eat on the line, so China's pharmacies are very large, walking in the street, you can find a pharmacy in a few steps, and more than half of them are antibiotics, and patients It can be bought arbitrarily and does not require prescriptions prescribed by doctors. The sales restriction order issued by the State Food and Drug Administration in 2004 has become "a piece of paper" and is in name only. In Western Europe and other developed countries, the supervision of antibiotics is very strict and in place. The purchase of antibiotics requires a prescription issued by a professional doctor. These conditions indicate that China has become one of the countries with the most serious abuse of antibiotics in the world.
The breeding industry is also a hard-hit area for the abuse of antibiotics. According to media reports, half of China's antibiotics are used clinically and half are used in animal husbandry. Experts estimated that 97,000 tons of the approximately 210,000 tons of antibiotic raw materials produced in China each year are used in animal husbandry, accounting for 46.1% of the total annual output. Since the discovery of low concentrations of antibiotics in feeds in the 1950s not only prevented animal diseases, but also promoted the growth of livestock and poultry, various antibiotics have been widely added to feeds. Due to the relatively low culture and quality of employees in the aquaculture industry in China, driven by the quest for maximum economic benefits, many people ignore social responsibility and food safety, and only pay attention to immediate benefits and add or excessively add antibiotics in feed. In order to control the residues of antibiotics in animals, many antibiotics can only be used at specific animal stages and have a certain period of drug withdrawal. For example, it is forbidden to use olaquindox in feed for poultry and pigs over 35 kg in weight; sulfonamides, aminoglycosides, and macrocyclic propyl esters require more than one week of drug withdrawal period before animal products are on the market; Oxytetracycline Furazolidone and furazolidone requirements were withdrawn five days before slaughter. However, few people actually do this in the actual breeding process. From the birth of animals to slaughter, there is no abuse of antibiotics throughout the entire production cycle.
The danger of misuse of antibiotics The original function of antibiotics is to treat diseases by killing or inhibiting pathogenic bacteria that enter the body. It is not an essential nutrient for animals. It is not necessary to be added in the daily feed, and it should not be added in feeds in large doses. Health and food safety hazards.
Drug Resistance Since the beginning of August 2010, India, Pakistan, Canada, Belgium, the United Kingdom and Japan have reported that there have been super bacteria (NDM-1) infections. At least 170 people have been infected worldwide, causing multiple deaths. . Superbug (NDM-1) was first discovered in an Indian-Swedish Swedish urinary tract infection patient who carried a novel metal beta-lactamase and was resistant to all beta-lactam antibiotics in India, Europe, America, and Asia. Many countries in the world have discovered such super bacteria. There have also been reports from Hong Kong and Taiwan, China, and certainly from the Mainland. On October 26, 2010, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention reported three cases of infection with super-resistant pathogenic bacteria, including one death. In 2011 in Hangzhou, China, experts in the study of super bacteria also discovered "super bacteria" MRSA bacteria that are resistant to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus in patients in intensive care units.
Antimicrobial resistance to bacteria is becoming more common. Taking Streptococcus pneumoniae as an example, the status of drug resistance is very serious. Not sensitive to penicillin more than 20%, insensitive to macrolide up to 75.4%, insensitivity to cefaclor up to nearly 30%. The emergence of a large number of drug-resistant bacteria has caused great harm to health care and society, which may lead to the failure of anti-infective treatment, prolonged hospitalization, and even the death of the patient. In the 1960s, the number of people who died of infectious diseases in the world was about 7 million each year, and this figure rose to 20 million by the beginning of this century. The number of people who died of sepsis increased by 89%, and most people died of drug difficulties caused by superbugs. It usually takes about 10 years to develop a new antibiotic, and the generation of a generation of resistant bacteria takes only a short time. Obviously, the rate of development of antibiotics is far behind the rate of reproduction of drug-resistant bacteria, and the beauty of using antibiotics to save lives will disappear.
Antibiotic residues that are randomly added or excessively added to feed antibiotics can cause antibiotics to accumulate in livestock and poultry products such as meat, eggs, and milk. They enter the human body through the food chain and cause people to indirectly contact antibiotics every day, leading to the effect of antibiotics when people are sick. disappear.
Destroying microorganisms in the intestinal microflora of animals is somewhat harmful, and many are beneficial. Some of the vitamins they synthesize are essential for the body, but antibiotics do not selectively inhibit or kill them together. Therefore, the abuse of antibiotics will also destroy the balance of the animal's intestinal microflora, affect the animal's ability to digest nutrients and animal growth performance.
Immunosuppressive sulfa drugs used in animal larval stage will inhibit the bone marrow hematopoietic function, causing neutropenia, hemolytic anemia, aplastic anemia and other conditions. Chloramphenicol acts on the thymus, which can cause the cortex and medulla boundaries to be abnormal; on the spleen, it can make the follicles disappear and the white pulp structure loose; acting on the cecum tonsils can reduce the lymphoid tissue and also damage the liver tissue. And kidney tissue, destroy the hematopoietic function of the bone marrow, comprehensively destroy the immune response, so that the animal's resistance and immunity are severely reduced. Studies have also demonstrated that streptomycin, erythromycin, cephalosporin, and polymyxin B all inhibited immune function and impaired body resistance.
Side effects Streomycin, kanamycin can cause dizziness, tinnitus, deafness. Gentamicin, kanamycin, polymyxin, vancomycin, bacitracin can damage the kidneys. Erythromycin, lincomycin, and doxycycline can cause gastrointestinal reactions such as anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Ciprofloxacin can have mild gastrointestinal side effects; chloramphenicol can cause leukopenia or even aplastic anemia.
In addition, antibiotics also have toxic side effects such as gene mutation, malformation, and induction of cancer. According to the Beijing Daily, under the age of 7 children in China have had as many as 300,000 deafnesses due to unreasonable use of antibiotics, which account for 30% to 40% of deaf-mute children, compared with 0.9% in some developed countries. In hospitalized infectious patients, the mortality rate of drug-resistant bacteria infection was 11.7%, and the mortality rate of common infection was only 5.4%.
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