The author is engaged in the production of Hemp walnuts for many years and has explored a lot of management experience. Now the management method of Hemp walnuts in July and August is introduced as follows:
First, water and fertilizer management
water. The size of fruit that has been fruited until July has been basically set and entered the shell hardening period. In this period, there is no need for artificial watering. Too much water in the soil will cause the shell to be white and the tip of the fruit will be whitish, affecting the appearance of the fruit surface, and will not be sold well. In particular, the three species of "chicken heart", "children's cap" and "lion head" are the most sensitive. However, within two months, the rainfall was high. The water in the orchards and individual low-lying areas had a long period of time, resulting in poor ventilation, impeded root respiration, and suffocation and rot in the roots. After a few days, the leaves and fruits fell off and even caused plants to grow. As a result of death, digging drains and drains in orchards and tree trays should be done as soon as possible. For individual trees, where water cannot be discharged and water does not penetrate, you can use burned briquettes at the base of the tree stumps to encircle the trees and pay attention to the surface of the water. This will help save lives.
There is no need to water too much for the unfruitful saplings. Because 60% of the top, flower buds have been differentiated, the water is big, and the autumn shoots will grow twice, and the female buds that have already grown will be topped off, resulting in a second failure. In addition, the backbone will be developed into a few meters high flagpole. In case of a special year, drip rain will not fall in the flood season. It will enter the end of August and be properly watered according to the tree conditions.
Fertilization. Ma walnuts entered July and August, the demand for fertilizer is basically not large, especially not topdressing nitrogen fertilizer. Some fruit growers believe that it is easy to rain, and pay close attention to applying some fertilizer. They do not know that this is the most dangerous move. A tree that has been grafted for three or four years should only be used to pick up manure. If it is sunny after rain, the death penalty for this tree will be awarded within five days. At this time, topdressing will cause the hard shell to be hard and white; the green skin is long and the hard shell is not long. For saplings, topdressing at this time will result in a "running bar" and will not be fruitful in the second year.
In July and August, the walnut kernels are full and mature. According to practical experience, from the beginning of July, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and thiophanate be sprayed with a sprayer every half month. If black spots are found on the trunk, when the finger presses and flows out of the black water, it can spray 0.3% of the wheel rot (9281) )+0.3% PBO solution, spray 3 times. The purpose of spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate and PBO is to speed up the hardness of the nutshell and enrich the seed, increase the weight; accelerate the differentiation and fullness of the flower buds, and delay the growth of the fruit branches and leggy branches.
Second, grafting and pruning
grafting. Inspired by the "Green Branch Grafting" apple tree, we made a two-year green branch grafting experiment on Hemp walnut trees and was successful. A month later, it can grow to 10 leaves, and the thickness exceeds that of the stock. This connection is best suited for spring grafting of dead trees. The method of grafting is as follows: The scion is selected from the "lion's head". This variety is one of the new varieties developed in recent years. The pattern has a good-looking appearance. The butt has a round pit of 1 cm in size; the tree vigor is strong, and the disease resistance is strong. The spring sprouting time is 18 days later than other varieties, and it is easy to escape the cold weather. The biggest advantage is "partial female reproduction". After grafting, you don't have to worry about being a male bud. After the scion is selected, cut the scion from the base and pick the top of the scion first. The method is to leave two small leaves, with a razor blade gently cut off the two sides of the skin, wedge-like, cut the top of the rootstock, choose a little older than the scion smooth nodules, from top to bottom cut a knife, cut Good shoots were added to the rootstock. They were lined up and not tied with plastic strips. Only the girl's hairpins were clamped to the anvil's opening. After two or three days, they did not bend over and lived. They began to grow after 20 days. After the tender tips are applied, they pick them up from the buds and shoot them down. If the thickness of the scion is fine, the skin inserted inside the rootstock must be preserved, and the skin cannot be touched. The 2 to 3 cm of the bud on the scion should be tied with a plastic strip so as not to run out of moisture. After the scion is inserted, it is wrapped in a plastic strip. On the eighth day, the petioles beside the buds of the scion fall off on their own. The buds should be exposed, and the petioles should be tied back again. After 20 days, the scions begin to sprout. When the scion grows until mid-August, 30 centimeters long. Those who do not survive can pick up sprouts in early August.
prune. Pruning is a very important technical measure in management. If it is allowed to develop, it is not conducive to normal growth and results. Results The tree shape of the initial tree has basically taken shape, and the yield has increased year by year. The main task of pruning is to cultivate the main and lateral branches, expand the result area as much as possible, and prevent the outward movement of the result area. When pruning should be strong to stay weak, especially if the top of the trunk if there are more than two flat oblique branches, should be cut off from the previous xylem Department; within 30 cm without oblique branch, when cutting the top upright branch, can bring green Caps 2~3 stout buds; for the robust development branch in the canopy, it can be used to stand upright and remain flat, first put back and contraction method to cultivate small and medium-sized fruit sticks, and the second sticks are too weak to stay strong. Strong; for pests and branches, overlapping branches, thin branches, dry branches and all sparse.
Third, pest and disease prevention
Hemp walnut trees have many diseases and pests. The following are a few simple pest control methods.
Disease prevention and control. The disease with a high incidence in the high-temperature, wet-rainy rainy season is walnut black spot. Symptoms are: the first is the appearance of small black spots on the leaves, when the lesions are connected together to form a perforation, causing the leaves to fall ahead of time; the fruit is also a small dark brown spot after being victimized, then expands into a round shape, and subsides, the fruit rots from the outside to the inside In severe cases, the fruit falls early. The "children's cap" and "Haihuashan Lion Head" breeds are susceptible to the disease. Control methods: First, combine pruning to remove diseased branches and diseased fruits; secondly, use 50% thiophanate-methyl or tetrodotoxin-containing wettable powder 500 to 800 times, half a month, and spray three times; Scratches dark spots on the stumps and brush the lesions with a brush until they do not foam. Leave the brush at intervals of 10 days.
Walnut powdery mildew is mainly harmful to leaves and young shoots, and management can not lead to defoliation or even death of seedlings in time. Symptoms are: a layer of white powder on both sides of the leaves, and yellow patches on the initial leaves. "Tiger" breed is prone to this disease. Prevention methods: Reasonable fertilization, irrigation, timely cutting diseased leaves. Drug control can be the same as above, or with 25% powder rust 500 ~ 800 times spray twice, once in 10 days.
Pest control. In July and August, it is necessary to pay attention to the control of grass warbler, small giardia, and American white moths. Chloro-cyanide polyester can be used for prevention and control.
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