In southern China, long-term high-temperature, high-humidity and rainy seasons occur, and pests and diseases of eggplant cultivation are more frequent. By adopting the method of grafting, the produced eggplant has good quality, good commercial property, long harvesting period, and has high resistance to verticillium wilt, blight, bacterial wilt, root knot nematode diseases and other eggplant devastating soil diseases. Immunity can reduce the amount of chemical pesticides used in the planting process. It can also harvest 2-3 years at a time, and can also be used as a double crop to achieve high yield and high efficiency. The technology is introduced as follows: First, the selection of rootstock scion varieties 1, stock varieties: At present, eggplant varieties commonly used in eggplant are Toluom, CRP and so on. Toluubam originates from Japan and is highly resistant or immune to soil-borne diseases such as verticillium wilt, blight, bacterial wilt and root knot nematode disease. It is an ideal rootstock material, but it is more expensive and the seeds are expensive. It is difficult to sprout, so CRP is more commonly used in production. CRP is a wild Solanaceae plant, with more stems and leaves on the stem, easy to produce seed, and easy to germinate. It has good affinity with scions and high survival rate. 2. Scion Varieties: The requirements of the rootstocks for the scions are not strict, and the selection conditions for the scion can be based on the eating habits, variety quality, and commercial properties of the localities. Second, timely nursery 1, determine the sowing date: Autumn and winter arch shed nursery, in early June soaked rootstock prime, grafting in mid-August, planting in mid-September, scion than the rootstock 15-20 days sowing; winter and spring arch nursery, July Early rootstock soaking and germination, grafting from the end of September to early October, planting in early November, scion sowing 25-30 days later than the rootstock; seedlings exposed in the open, seed germination in the middle and late September, grafting in December and February, and late February - Colonization in March, scion was sown 30-40 days later than rootstock. 2, sowing: The rootstock seeds soaked with water for 36 hours, drain water, set germination under 25-30 °C conditions, rinse with water every day and drain water, 6-8 days after germination, when the buds are basically out and there Seeds when 1-2 mm. If the temperature is used for the treatment of germination, the germination can be carried out at a temperature of 15 to 20°C for 16 hours and at 25 to 30°C for 8 hours, so that budding can be achieved earlier and the germination rate is high. Prepare nursery beds before nursery, seedlings should be well-grounded, and the best surface is filled with sieved nutritious soil and flattened. Use 50% carbendazim 500 times solution plus 500 times liquid of dipterex to soak seedbed, and then push Good bud rootstock seeds are sown on the seedbed evenly, covered with sieving nutrient soil, and sprinkled with some anti-pest control insecticides. The film is covered with a film and a shade net shelter to protect the light from rain. It is best to use seedling trays for seedlings to facilitate management. When the rootstock grows three true leaves, it should be planted. The artificial seedbed should be selected from high-lying, well-drained plots. The farmyard manure should be fully decomposed. After the deep plowing, the flat arches should be built to cover the shading nets. The seedlings were burned at high temperature, and the rain was covered with film to prevent rain. The false plants were spaced 6-7 cm apart. Transferred into the nutrition cup 20-30 days before grafting, can also be grafted directly on the seedbed, no longer into the nutrition cup. The scion is raised according to conventional methods. The scion beds and seeds of the scion must be disinfected so as to avoid scion with pathogens and fail to reach the purpose of grafting. 3, seedling management: Appropriate control of temperature and water, anti-Miao Miaochang, appropriate topdressing phosphate fertilizer to promote seedling robust. When the rootstock grows 6-8 true leaves, the scion grows 5-7 true leaves, semi-lignified, and stems 3-5 mm thick. 5 to 7 days before grafting, take measures to enhance the survival rate of grafted seedlings and rootstock seedlings. The scionling seedlings mainly control the water, causing slight wilting before and after noon, and the amount of rootstock seedling watering should also be appropriately reduced, but the degree of wilting of seedlings is required to be lighter than that of scions. The seedlings treated in this way are drought-tolerant, lightly wilting when grafted, and have a high survival rate and are not leggy. Third, grafting cultivation 1, grafting method: generally use splicing method. The cultivation of eggplant in the south has the habit of earth-cultivation, so the grafting site should be higher to avoid over-marriage when over-ground. When grafting, cut with a blade at 10 cm from the rootstock, remove the upper part, and then make a 1.0-1.5 cm deep incision in the middle of the stem, and then take the scion seedlings (the size is the same as the rootstock), which is the eggplant in the semi-lignified place. The purple black and green shoots of the seedling stem were cut at the lower end, and 2-3 true leaves were kept and cut into a wedge shape. The size of the shoot was similar to that of the rootstock cut, and the scion was then inserted into the cut of the rootstock, and the clip was fixed after alignment. 2, after grafting management: After grafting irrigated, can not be sprayed to prevent wound infection. A small shed is fastened and shading is done with a film cover. After the grafting, all the shading should be done in the first 3-4 days, and then the shading should be performed in the latter half of the day. During this process, maintain a high air humidity and spray 1-2 times a day until noon. After being alive, it is timely transferred to normal management, and the germinated lateral buds are removed. After the interface is completely healed, the clamp is removed. IV. Planting and perennial cultivation 1. Reapplying deep organic fertilizer: The growing period of eggplant grafted seedlings is much longer than that of seedlings. It can be cultivated for 2-3 years, requiring a full application of base fertilizer and applying 75,000 kg of high-quality farmyard fertilizer per hectare. Above, 50% combined with deep-sweeping, the other 50% mixed with superphosphate 1500 kilograms, potassium sulfate 750 kilograms, urea 600 kilograms mix and mix evenly. 2. Appropriately and sparsely planted: Generally, 1.5 m in furrows, double rows, 50-60 cm spacing, 22500-27000 plants per hectare. When planting, make the grafting interface more than 5 cm away from the surface to prevent secondary impregnation. After planting, due to the strong growth potential of the rootstock, new lateral branches will sprout and should be removed in time. 3, fertilizer and water management: Grafting seedlings in the colonization and fruit setting stage growth rate is slightly slower than the seedlings, so the early cultivation to promote growth, enter the vigorous growth period, it is necessary to wipe off, remove the old leaves, yellow leaves, increase ventilation And light. Eggplant grafted seedlings have a well-developed root system, high yields, and a large amount of water needed for fertilizers. After harvesting, they will have to chase the fertilizer once. Others are based on real-life eggplant regular management. 4, pruning pruning: Before pruning general foliar spraying 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.5% urea mixture 3-4 times. (1) After pruning the fruit for the first time, with the arrival of summer, the eggplant results will be reduced and the quality will be degraded. The first pruning can be done in the morning of mid-July on the sunny morning of the four-door hopper. The method is to cut off all the lateral branches 10 cm above the eggplant, and the clipping distance is about 30-35 cm from the ground. If the temperature is too high, the pruning can be appropriately delayed. After cutting, use agricultural streptomycin 1 g plus 75% chlorothalonil WP 30 g, add 25-30 ml of water to make a paste, apply it to cut out to prevent infection. After pruning, combine the soil, apply 750-900 kg of compound fertilizer per hectare, 2250 kg of cake fertilizer or 30,000 kg of farmyard fertilizer, and water it. After the pruning, the axillary buds soon formed lateral branches, and the branches were established from 8-10 days. Each of the plants was evenly selected to leave 5-6 lateral branches in different directions. After 7 days, the buds begin to bud, and when 50% of the plants are planted, they must be fertilized and attacked. The first application of fertilizer can be applied with urea at 300 kg/ha. After that, the fertilizer is chased once every two weeks. Wet not see dry. (2) After the first pruning for the second time, the eggplant can be listed in the middle and late August and can be harvested until January of the following year. The second pruning is performed in the late January, and the cutting is shorter than the first pruning. Centimeter, cut mouth applicator to prevent disease. After pruning, 3,000 kg of cake fertilizer or 30,000 kg of farmyard fertilizer is chased after each hectare, taking care not to injure the roots and bruise the trunk. Warmer weather in late February, combined with water topdressing 450 kg/ha urea. With the continuous growth of lateral branches, 3-4 shoots per plant were selected and transferred to conventional management. Eggplant can be listed in late April, and the total growth period can reach 2-3 years.
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