First, the significance of the application of technology and application status (a) the significance of technical application Paddy field tillage is the most important and basic link in rice production. Human and animal husbandry plough the entire paddy field with high labor intensity, low efficiency, and poor quality of operation, which can not guarantee the stable and high yield of rice production. The use of mechanically ploughed paddy fields can reduce labor intensity, improve work efficiency and operation quality, and achieve high yields and stable production of rice. It is of great significance to promote agricultural efficiency, increase farmers' income, and ensure food production safety.
(II) Current status of technology application Rice is the largest grain crop in Guangxi, the highest in yield, and the largest in total output. The annual sown area is approximately 35 million mu. In 2005, the number of small tractors in Guangxi reached 344,300 and the number of cultivators was 143,300. In the whole year, the area of ​​machine cultivating operations reached 33.97 million mu. The mechanized technology of paddy field farming has been widely applied in rice production, which has promoted agricultural efficiency. , Farmers increase income.
At present, the widely used paddy field cultivating machines in Guangxi include GN91 series of walking tractors and rotary cultivators, and 1Z31, 41, 51, and 61 cultivators. In the more economically developed areas, the mechanization of paddy fields is basically realized, and the economically underdeveloped areas still use traditional human and animal husbandry.
Second, technical content (a) technical definition Paddy field tillage mechanization technology refers to the use of suitable paddy field tillage machinery in accordance with scientific farming practices and reasonable machine equipment, complete paddy field drought, hydroponic land preparation operations to meet rice transplanting, throwing Subsequent processes such as the requirements for the cultivation of paddy fields, and the agronomic requirements for the growth of rice seedlings on paddy fields. Common paddy field cultivation refers mainly to ploughing, hoeing and leveling operations.
(II) Mechanization and effect of mechanization in paddy fields The mechanized operation of paddy fields can plough the soil layer, loosen the soil, improve the soil structure of the paddy field, cover the residues and fertilizers, eradicate the insect pests, and facilitate the accumulation of water and nutrients in paddy fields. Growth creates good conditions.
(III) Technical route
1. Paddy field ploughing technology route: Irrigation soaking → rice straw return → tillage
2. Rice field machine hoe technical route: Irrigation immersion → fertilization → Putian → leveling (4) technical requirements
1. Technical requirements for plowing in paddy fields (1) The depth of cultivation is generally 12 to 15 cm, and the depth of cultivation is uniform;
(2) Turnover is good, there is no legislation, and backlogging phenomenon;
(3) Covering tightly, it can turn weeds and fertilizers into the soil;
(4) No re-cultivation and no-tillage.
2. Technical requirements for paddy field machine (1) The depth of rotation and boring are appropriate, generally 10 to 15 cm, and the depth of rotation and boring are uniform;
(2) The ground is flat, without dragging and no ditch;
(3) Sufficient soil, loose topsoil, and evenly mixed soil and fertilizer;
(4) covering, eliminating blemishes, and good pulping.
III. Types of paddy fields and tillage machinery (I) Classification of paddy fields and tillage machinery
1. According to the different sizes, it can be divided into medium, small and miniature types. At present, the most widely used paddy field cultivation and cultivating machinery in Guangxi is mainly small and micro tillage machinery, and the most commonly used cultivating machinery in Guilin is the 1LB-3 type paddy field. Tillage machine. Small-sized paddy field tillage machinery mainly refers to 8.8 to 15 kilowatts of walking tractors, and miniature paddy field tillage machinery mainly refers to 2 to 7 kilowatts of walking tractors.
2. According to the structure, it can be divided into two types: two-wheel walker, four-wheel steering wheel and single wheel handle.
3. According to different ways of operation, it can be divided into two kinds of cultivating and cultivating.
4. According to the different classification of ploughing methods, it can be divided into four types: rotary ploughing, ploughing, power-driven cultivating and ploughing.
(2) Main technical performance indicators of commonly used paddy field tillage machinery (3) Characteristics and application scope of paddy field tillage equipment The paddy field tillage equipment with power support is generally a walking tractor, which has a compact structure, reliable and durable, and is easy to operate. Flexible, adaptable, and adaptable to the plains, hills, paddy fields, drylands and so on.
IV. Model Selection and Benefit Analysis (I) Model Selection
1. The large farmer can choose osmanthus GN91 type or 111 type walking tractor and supporting equipment with higher power and higher work efficiency.
2. Self-employed and peasant households engaged in cultivating services can choose 1Z51 type or 61 type miniature walking tractor and supporting equipment.
3. Purely self-employed farmers can choose the 1Z31 type or 41 type paddy field machine with lower power.
(B) Benefit Analysis
1. A osmanthus GN91 walking tractor, the purchase cost is about 8,000 yuan, depreciation by 10 years, annual depreciation costs 800 yuan, one year to complete the paddy field farming operations area of ​​400 acres, depreciation expense per acre of paddy field is 2 yuan, according to the operation The fee is 35 yuan/mu and the total annual income is 14,000 yuan. The cost of the main and auxiliary fuels is about 6 yuan/mu, the average amount is 15 mu per day, and the operator pays 30 yuan/day, then the labor cost per mu is 2 yuan, and the investment interest for purchases is calculated at 10% of the annual interest rate of 800 yuan. When the share is 2 mu/mu, the total cost is 12 yuan/mu, then the total net income is (35-12) yuan 400 mu = 9200 yuan
2. A 1Z61 miniature walking tractor, the purchase cost is 3700 yuan, depreciation by 10 years, depreciation costs 370 yuan per year. Each year, 200 mu of paddy fields can be cultivated. The depreciation fee for each mu of cultivated land is 1.85 yuan, and the service charge is 35 yuan per mu. The total annual income is 7,000 yuan. The cost of the main and auxiliary fuels is about 6 yuan/mu, and the average annual ploughing is 8 mu. The machine pays 30 yuan/day, and the labor cost is 3.75 yuan/mu. Interest on purchase investment is calculated as 10% per annum at an annual rate of 370 yuan/year, and shared as 1.85 yuan/mu per mu. The total cost of farmland per acre is 13.45 yuan, then the total net income per year = (35-13.45) yuan and 200 acres. = Above $4310 Two examples show that the application of paddy field tillage machinery to engage in substituting tillage operation services can obtain considerable economic benefits. When the implements are fully utilized, investment can be recovered within one year.
V. Precautions (1) During dry farming, the soil is hard, and the work is done in the 1st or 2nd gear. When the paddy field is cultivated, the soil is soft and the work is done in 2nd or 3rd gear.
(b) The adjustment of the cultivating depth of walking tractors is controlled by tail wheels. Loosen the pinch handle on the tail wheel seat and move the outer tube of the tail wheel up and down to adjust the position of the tail wheel in a larger range. In general, the handle can be rotated to adjust the depth of cultivation.
(3) Pay attention to the direction of cultivation when plowing, and leave only one large ridge or large furrow in the field as much as possible. Try to avoid plows working long hours to prevent deformation of the pallet.
(d) During the operation, it was found that the grass was hung on the rotary cultivator or ploughshare, and it was necessary to stop the work and remove it before continuing to work, so as not to affect the quality of the cultivation and increase the load on the implement.
(5) When the temporary resistance is increased in the cultivation, and the driving wheel slips seriously, the plow can be raised slightly to pass it. If the slip is not too severe, you can increase the throttle. If you increase the throttle is invalid, then downshift work.
(6) It is forbidden to use reverse operations. When turning in the field, the machine should be slightly raised to reduce the turning resistance and to avoid damaging the working parts.
(7) In the operation, persons behind the machine and above are prohibited to prevent accidents.
(8) Clean the equipment before storing it and pay attention to rust prevention.
(II) Current status of technology application Rice is the largest grain crop in Guangxi, the highest in yield, and the largest in total output. The annual sown area is approximately 35 million mu. In 2005, the number of small tractors in Guangxi reached 344,300 and the number of cultivators was 143,300. In the whole year, the area of ​​machine cultivating operations reached 33.97 million mu. The mechanized technology of paddy field farming has been widely applied in rice production, which has promoted agricultural efficiency. , Farmers increase income.
At present, the widely used paddy field cultivating machines in Guangxi include GN91 series of walking tractors and rotary cultivators, and 1Z31, 41, 51, and 61 cultivators. In the more economically developed areas, the mechanization of paddy fields is basically realized, and the economically underdeveloped areas still use traditional human and animal husbandry.
Second, technical content (a) technical definition Paddy field tillage mechanization technology refers to the use of suitable paddy field tillage machinery in accordance with scientific farming practices and reasonable machine equipment, complete paddy field drought, hydroponic land preparation operations to meet rice transplanting, throwing Subsequent processes such as the requirements for the cultivation of paddy fields, and the agronomic requirements for the growth of rice seedlings on paddy fields. Common paddy field cultivation refers mainly to ploughing, hoeing and leveling operations.
(II) Mechanization and effect of mechanization in paddy fields The mechanized operation of paddy fields can plough the soil layer, loosen the soil, improve the soil structure of the paddy field, cover the residues and fertilizers, eradicate the insect pests, and facilitate the accumulation of water and nutrients in paddy fields. Growth creates good conditions.
(III) Technical route
1. Paddy field ploughing technology route: Irrigation soaking → rice straw return → tillage
2. Rice field machine hoe technical route: Irrigation immersion → fertilization → Putian → leveling (4) technical requirements
1. Technical requirements for plowing in paddy fields (1) The depth of cultivation is generally 12 to 15 cm, and the depth of cultivation is uniform;
(2) Turnover is good, there is no legislation, and backlogging phenomenon;
(3) Covering tightly, it can turn weeds and fertilizers into the soil;
(4) No re-cultivation and no-tillage.
2. Technical requirements for paddy field machine (1) The depth of rotation and boring are appropriate, generally 10 to 15 cm, and the depth of rotation and boring are uniform;
(2) The ground is flat, without dragging and no ditch;
(3) Sufficient soil, loose topsoil, and evenly mixed soil and fertilizer;
(4) covering, eliminating blemishes, and good pulping.
III. Types of paddy fields and tillage machinery (I) Classification of paddy fields and tillage machinery
1. According to the different sizes, it can be divided into medium, small and miniature types. At present, the most widely used paddy field cultivation and cultivating machinery in Guangxi is mainly small and micro tillage machinery, and the most commonly used cultivating machinery in Guilin is the 1LB-3 type paddy field. Tillage machine. Small-sized paddy field tillage machinery mainly refers to 8.8 to 15 kilowatts of walking tractors, and miniature paddy field tillage machinery mainly refers to 2 to 7 kilowatts of walking tractors.
2. According to the structure, it can be divided into two types: two-wheel walker, four-wheel steering wheel and single wheel handle.
3. According to different ways of operation, it can be divided into two kinds of cultivating and cultivating.
4. According to the different classification of ploughing methods, it can be divided into four types: rotary ploughing, ploughing, power-driven cultivating and ploughing.
(2) Main technical performance indicators of commonly used paddy field tillage machinery (3) Characteristics and application scope of paddy field tillage equipment The paddy field tillage equipment with power support is generally a walking tractor, which has a compact structure, reliable and durable, and is easy to operate. Flexible, adaptable, and adaptable to the plains, hills, paddy fields, drylands and so on.
IV. Model Selection and Benefit Analysis (I) Model Selection
1. The large farmer can choose osmanthus GN91 type or 111 type walking tractor and supporting equipment with higher power and higher work efficiency.
2. Self-employed and peasant households engaged in cultivating services can choose 1Z51 type or 61 type miniature walking tractor and supporting equipment.
3. Purely self-employed farmers can choose the 1Z31 type or 41 type paddy field machine with lower power.
(B) Benefit Analysis
1. A osmanthus GN91 walking tractor, the purchase cost is about 8,000 yuan, depreciation by 10 years, annual depreciation costs 800 yuan, one year to complete the paddy field farming operations area of ​​400 acres, depreciation expense per acre of paddy field is 2 yuan, according to the operation The fee is 35 yuan/mu and the total annual income is 14,000 yuan. The cost of the main and auxiliary fuels is about 6 yuan/mu, the average amount is 15 mu per day, and the operator pays 30 yuan/day, then the labor cost per mu is 2 yuan, and the investment interest for purchases is calculated at 10% of the annual interest rate of 800 yuan. When the share is 2 mu/mu, the total cost is 12 yuan/mu, then the total net income is (35-12) yuan 400 mu = 9200 yuan
2. A 1Z61 miniature walking tractor, the purchase cost is 3700 yuan, depreciation by 10 years, depreciation costs 370 yuan per year. Each year, 200 mu of paddy fields can be cultivated. The depreciation fee for each mu of cultivated land is 1.85 yuan, and the service charge is 35 yuan per mu. The total annual income is 7,000 yuan. The cost of the main and auxiliary fuels is about 6 yuan/mu, and the average annual ploughing is 8 mu. The machine pays 30 yuan/day, and the labor cost is 3.75 yuan/mu. Interest on purchase investment is calculated as 10% per annum at an annual rate of 370 yuan/year, and shared as 1.85 yuan/mu per mu. The total cost of farmland per acre is 13.45 yuan, then the total net income per year = (35-13.45) yuan and 200 acres. = Above $4310 Two examples show that the application of paddy field tillage machinery to engage in substituting tillage operation services can obtain considerable economic benefits. When the implements are fully utilized, investment can be recovered within one year.
V. Precautions (1) During dry farming, the soil is hard, and the work is done in the 1st or 2nd gear. When the paddy field is cultivated, the soil is soft and the work is done in 2nd or 3rd gear.
(b) The adjustment of the cultivating depth of walking tractors is controlled by tail wheels. Loosen the pinch handle on the tail wheel seat and move the outer tube of the tail wheel up and down to adjust the position of the tail wheel in a larger range. In general, the handle can be rotated to adjust the depth of cultivation.
(3) Pay attention to the direction of cultivation when plowing, and leave only one large ridge or large furrow in the field as much as possible. Try to avoid plows working long hours to prevent deformation of the pallet.
(d) During the operation, it was found that the grass was hung on the rotary cultivator or ploughshare, and it was necessary to stop the work and remove it before continuing to work, so as not to affect the quality of the cultivation and increase the load on the implement.
(5) When the temporary resistance is increased in the cultivation, and the driving wheel slips seriously, the plow can be raised slightly to pass it. If the slip is not too severe, you can increase the throttle. If you increase the throttle is invalid, then downshift work.
(6) It is forbidden to use reverse operations. When turning in the field, the machine should be slightly raised to reduce the turning resistance and to avoid damaging the working parts.
(7) In the operation, persons behind the machine and above are prohibited to prevent accidents.
(8) Clean the equipment before storing it and pay attention to rust prevention.
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